BSC 2094L Blood Lab. Prelab Questions: These must be completed before coming to lab 1. Which formed elements (blood cells) are biconcave?

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1 BSC 2094L Blood Lab Prelab Questions: These must be completed before coming to lab 1. Which formed elements (blood cells) are biconcave? 2. The proper name for WBC s is. 3. What is a differential? 4. What WBC s are responsible for immunity? 5. How many WBC s in a cubic millimeter of blood? 6. What is an hematocrit? 7. What is a phagocyte? 8. What is plasma? 9. What formed elements are anti-inflammatory? 10. What determines blood type? 1

2 Laboratory Exercises The objective of this lab is to learn the characteristics of blood from: A. A short lecture on blood. See figure 19.1, page 668 in your text. B. Use of stained microscope slides of blood smears to identify formed elements. C. Illustrations from your text and lab charts. D. Blood typing procedure using artificial blood. Exercises: 1. Identify the following formed elements on the provided microscope slides. You must use oil immersion to see these in enough detail. You may have to study several slides to find all of these formed elements. If you have never learned how to use oil immersion, your instructor will show you how. In addition to the text references and figures for each individual formed element listed below, use table 19.3, page 680 in your text. Erythrocytes (RBC's) - page , figure 19.4, and table 19.3 in your text. Identify RBC's on a slide, and know their function, size, shape, composition, and numbers per microliter (cubic millimeter). Leukocytes (WBC's) - pages , figure 19.7 and table 19.3 in your text. Also, use plastic chart provided in lab and refer to table on next page. Identify all five types of WBC's on a slide, and know their functions, and differentials. Look-up the definition of differential in your text. Also, know the range for the numbers of WBC's per microliter (whole count). WBC's with granules in their cytoplasm, are classified as granulocytes, and those with no granules are classified as agranulocytes. granulocytes = granular leukocytes neutrophils eosinophils basophils agranulocytes = agranular leukocytes lymphocytes monocytes Platelets - pages 679 in your text, and table 19.3 in your text. Identify platelets on a slide, and know their function, and their numbers per microliter. 2. Define the term hematocrit (packed cell volume) is describe its use. 3. Use the WARD'S Simulated ABO and Rh blood typing kit to do blood typing and to gain an understanding of blood types. Your lab instructor will cover the details of this procedure. 2

4. WBC Table: a brief summary of WBC structure and function WBC Slide Appearance Functions Lavender cytoplasm with light granulation. Nucleus segmented into several parts in adult cells. pathogens.

3 4. WBC Table: a brief summary of WBC structure and function WBC Slide Appearance Functions Lavender cytoplasm with light granulation. Nucleus segmented into several parts in adult cells. pathogens. Neutrophils (polymorphonucleo cyte) (PMN) Lymphocytes (Bcells and T-cells) Small nearly round cells with a relatively large spherical nucleus and a thin rim of light blue cytoplasm. Primary phagocytes (engulfs pathogens such as bacteria or debris in tissues). Release toxic chemicals that also kill Provide for specific defense against pathogens and toxins. This is called immunity. Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils Large variably shaped cells with an abundant bluish cytoplasm and a prominent kidney shaped or oval nucleus. Round cell usually with a bilobed nucleus and numerous red to orange granules. Small round cell usually with a bilobed nucleus and numerous dark granules. Powerful phagocytes. Quickly enter tissues to become macrophages. Spend only a couple of days in the blood. Remove antigen-antibody complexes from tissues by phagocytosis. Attack large parasites such as worms. Help reduce inflammation. Promote inflammation in tissues by releasing such chemicals as histamine. 3

4 Blood Lab Focus Questions 1. What WBC has a bilobed nucleus and brick red to crimson granules?. 2. Name the WBC that has dark purple granules. 3. Name the WBC with a spherical to slightly indented nucleus that fills most of the cell. 4. List the WBC differentials from the highest to the lowest. 5. Which WBC is referred to as segmented? 6. What are the most numerous formed elements? 7. WBC s with kidney shaped or horseshoe shaped nuclei are. 8. What is a CBC? 9. Clumping of blood is also called. 10. If blood clumps only in the anti-rh space, the blood type is. 11. Formed elements that initiate clotting are. 12. Compatible blood types. Give the blood type or blood types that the following blood types donate to or receive from. (A) O - can donate to can receive from (B) AB + can donate to can receive from (C) B - can donate to can receive form 4

5 (D) A + (E) O + can donate to can receive from can donate to can receive from Matching 13. iron 14. polycythemia 15. leukocytosis 16. anemia 17. defensins 18. macrophage 19. immunity 20. leukopenia 21. differential 22. erythropoiesis 23. thrombocytopenia 24. hematocrit 25. coagulation 26. reticulocytes 27. myeloblasts 28. inflammatory 29. anti-inflammatory 30. plasma proteins (A) monocyte (B) antibiotic proteins (C) low platelet count (D) percent various WBC s (E) become granulocytes (F) become RBC s (G) high RBC count (H) albumins (I) basophils (J) Percentage of RBC s in a volume of blood (K) lymphocytes (L) eosinophils (M) low RBC count (N) RBC formation (O) binds oxygen (P) clotting (Q) low white count (R) high white count 5

Blood. Functions of Blood. Components of Blood. Transporting. Distributing body heat. A type of connective tissue. Formed elements.

Blood. Functions of Blood. Components of Blood. Transporting. Distributing body heat. A type of connective tissue. Formed elements. Blood Functions of Blood Transporting nutrients respiratory gases waste products Distributing body heat Components of Blood A type of connective tissue Formed elements Living blood cells Plasma Nonliving