Chapter 5 Thermochemistry

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 5 Thermochemistry"

Transcription

1 Chapter 5 Thermochemistry Every chemical and physical process involves an exchange of energy between the reaction and the rest of the universe. Thermochemistry involves the study of this exchange of energy. Energy energy is broadly defined as the capacity to do work. (includes force electrical work) potential energy: energy due to position or composition kinetic energy: energy of motion System, Surroundings, and Universe; eat and Work distance as well as internal energy, E : sum of potential and kinetic energy of all particles that make up system E = E FINAL E INITIAL = E PRDUCTS E REACTANTS heat, q: energy transfer as a result of a difference in temperature (NLY) work, w: energy transfer when an object is moved by a force (also includes electrical work) E SYS = q + w pressure-volume work: work in which volume changes against an external pressure. w = PV First Law of Thermodynamics aka Law of Conservation of Energy Energy is conserved ; you can convert energy from one form to another but you can not create or destroy energy. E SYS + E SURR = E UNIV = 0 Units of Energy SI: joule (J) 1 J = 1 kg m 2 s 2 (= 1 N m, units of force distance) In chemistry and many other sciences, the calorie (cal) still common 1 cal = J NTE: the nutritional Calorie = 1000 chemical calories (= 1 kcal) 5 1

2 State Functions a state function depends only on the present state of the system, not on the path taken to get there o e.g., T, P, V, E o state functions usually written with CAPITAL LETTER SYMBLS Enthalpy, Enthalpy is the heat of a reaction at constant pressure. = q P Enthalpy always written as, not just. No convenient uniform reference point to set as zero point. In many cases, E at constant P if little or no work.* *This is not so if w is very large, i.e., if PV is a large quantity (a large V either way). Names for Signs of Enthalpy Change exothermic: heat out negative endothermic: heat in positive Types of Enthalpy Change heat of reaction( RXN ): enthalpy change for a chemical reaction 2Al(s) + Fe 2 3 (s) Al 2 3 (s) + 2Fe(s) = RXN = 851 kj heat of combustion ( CMB ): enthalpy change for the chemical reaction when 1 mole of a substance reacts with 2 (combustion) C 3 8 (g) (g) 3C 2 (g) (l) = CMB = 2202 kj heat of formation ( F ): enthalpy change for the chemical reaction when 1 mole of a compound is produced from its component elements Na(s) + 1 Cl 2 2(g) NaCl(s) = F = kj heat of fusion ( FUS ): enthalpy change for the melting of 1 mole of a substance 2 (s) 2 (l) = FUS = +6.0 kj heat of vaporization ( VAP ): enthalpy change for the vaporization of 1 mole of a substance 2 (l) 2 (g) = VAP = kj eat of fusion and heat of vaporization are both ALWAYS endothermic. For a substance, the heat of vaporization is always larger than the heat of fusion. 5 2

3 Bond Energies and Enthalpy RXN results primarily from differences in the strengths of bonds in the reactants and products. Breaking bonds is ENDthermic. Forming bonds is EXthermic. Average Bond Enthalpy: the amount of energy required to break 1 mole of bonds in the gas phase. Table of average bond enthalpies in Table 9.2. Example: Estimate RXN : C + C + C 4 (g) (g) C 2 (g) (g) = nd(bonds broken) nd(bonds formed) [ D for bond D issociation energy, old-fashioned name for bond enthalpy] 5 3

4 eat Capacity specific heat capacity, c: quantity of heat required to raise temperature of 1 gram of material by 1 K (or 1 C); an intensive property. (molar heat capacity C is similar for 1 mole of substance) Constant-Pressure Calorimeter SYSTEM = reaction SURRUNDINGS = water, thermometer, cups, stirrer, everything else! ess s Law of eat Summation ess s law: if a reaction is carried out in a number of steps, for the overall reaction is the sum of for each individual step. Example: What is for this reaction C 4 (g) (g) C 2 (g) (l) given the following information? C 4 (g) (g) C 2 (g) (g) = 802 kj 2 (l) 2 (g) = +44 kj o reverse equation: change sign of o multiply all coefficients by a constant: multiply by same constant o add equations: add values 5 4

5 Standard States (e.g., ) 1. Compounds gas: P = 1 bar (1 bar = 100 kpa 1 atm) liquids/solids: most stable form at T of interest and P = 1 bar aqueous solution: 1 M concentration 2. Elements: most stable form at T of interest and P = 1 bar usually tabulated at 25 C (298 K) Standard eat of Formation, F always tabulated per one mole of substance Note: extensive list of F values in Appendix B of text 1. F for element in standard state = 0 (KNW) 2. Most compounds have negative F (some don t) RXN = n F (products) n F (reactants) Example: Calculate RXN: C 3 8 (g) (g) 3C 2 (g) (g) F 5 5

Bomb Calorimetry. Example 4. Energy and Enthalpy

Bomb Calorimetry. Example 4. Energy and Enthalpy Bomb Calorimetry constant volume often used for combustion reactions heat released by reaction is absorbed by calorimeter contents need heat capacity of calorimeter q cal = q rxn = q bomb + q water Example

More information

Energy and Chemical Reactions. Characterizing Energy:

Energy and Chemical Reactions. Characterizing Energy: Energy and Chemical Reactions Energy: Critical for virtually all aspects of chemistry Defined as: We focus on energy transfer. We observe energy changes in: Heat Transfer: How much energy can a material

More information

Thermochemistry. r2 d:\files\courses\1110-20\99heat&thermorans.doc. Ron Robertson

Thermochemistry. r2 d:\files\courses\1110-20\99heat&thermorans.doc. Ron Robertson Thermochemistry r2 d:\files\courses\1110-20\99heat&thermorans.doc Ron Robertson I. What is Energy? A. Energy is a property of matter that allows work to be done B. Potential and Kinetic Potential energy

More information

Thermochemical equations allow stoichiometric calculations.

Thermochemical equations allow stoichiometric calculations. CHEM 1105 THERMOCHEMISTRY 1. Change in Enthalpy ( H) Heat is evolved or absorbed in all chemical reactions. Exothermic reaction: heat evolved - heat flows from reaction mixture to surroundings; products

More information

UNIT 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY

UNIT 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY UNIT 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY THERMOCHEMISTRY LEARNING OUTCOMES Students will be expected to: THERMOCHEMISTRY STSE analyse why scientific and technological activities take place in a variety individual and group

More information

1. Thermite reaction 2. Enthalpy of reaction, H 3. Heating/cooling curves and changes in state 4. More thermite thermodynamics

1. Thermite reaction 2. Enthalpy of reaction, H 3. Heating/cooling curves and changes in state 4. More thermite thermodynamics Chem 105 Fri 10-23-09 1. Thermite reaction 2. Enthalpy of reaction, H 3. Heating/cooling curves and changes in state 4. More thermite thermodynamics 10/23/2009 1 Please PICK UP your graded EXAM in front.

More information

11 Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry

11 Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Copyright ç 1996 Richard Hochstim. All rights reserved. Terms of use.» 37 11 Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry Thermodynamics is the study of heat, and how heat can be interconverted into other energy

More information

Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics 1

Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamics 1 Thermodynamics Some Important Topics First Law of Thermodynamics Internal Energy U ( or E) Enthalpy H Second Law of Thermodynamics Entropy S Third law of Thermodynamics Absolute Entropy

More information

Unit 5 Practice Test. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Unit 5 Practice Test. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Class: Date: Unit 5 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The internal energy of a system is always increased by. A) adding

More information

Chemistry B11 Chapter 4 Chemical reactions

Chemistry B11 Chapter 4 Chemical reactions Chemistry B11 Chapter 4 Chemical reactions Chemical reactions are classified into five groups: A + B AB Synthesis reactions (Combination) H + O H O AB A + B Decomposition reactions (Analysis) NaCl Na +Cl

More information

The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work. Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work.

The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work. Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work. The first law: transformation of energy into heat and work Chemical reactions can be used to provide heat and for doing work. Compare fuel value of different compounds. What drives these reactions to proceed

More information

Mr. Bracken. Multiple Choice Review: Thermochemistry

Mr. Bracken. Multiple Choice Review: Thermochemistry Mr. Bracken AP Chemistry Name Period Multiple Choice Review: Thermochemistry 1. If this has a negative value for a process, then the process occurs spontaneously. 2. This is a measure of how the disorder

More information

Chapter 6 Thermodynamics: The First Law

Chapter 6 Thermodynamics: The First Law Key Concepts 6.1 Systems Chapter 6 Thermodynamics: The First Law Systems, States, and Energy (Sections 6.1 6.8) thermodynamics, statistical thermodynamics, system, surroundings, open system, closed system,

More information

Transfer of heat energy often occurs during chemical reactions. A reaction

Transfer of heat energy often occurs during chemical reactions. A reaction Chemistry 111 Lab: Thermochemistry Page I-3 THERMOCHEMISTRY Heats of Reaction The Enthalpy of Formation of Magnesium Oxide Transfer of heat energy often occurs during chemical reactions. A reaction may

More information

DETERMINING THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF CaCO 3

DETERMINING THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF CaCO 3 DETERMINING THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF CaCO 3 Standard Enthalpy Change Standard Enthalpy Change for a reaction, symbolized as H 0 298, is defined as The enthalpy change when the molar quantities of reactants

More information

Module 5: Combustion Technology. Lecture 34: Calculation of calorific value of fuels

Module 5: Combustion Technology. Lecture 34: Calculation of calorific value of fuels 1 P age Module 5: Combustion Technology Lecture 34: Calculation of calorific value of fuels 2 P age Keywords : Gross calorific value, Net calorific value, enthalpy change, bomb calorimeter 5.3 Calculation

More information

ENTHALPY CHANGES FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION scaling a rxn up or down (proportionality) quantity 1 from rxn heat 1 from Δ r H. = 32.

ENTHALPY CHANGES FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION scaling a rxn up or down (proportionality) quantity 1 from rxn heat 1 from Δ r H. = 32. CHEMISTRY 103 Help Sheet #10 Chapter 4 (Part II); Sections 4.6-4.10 Do the topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Nuggets: Enthalpy

More information

Thermochemistry: Calorimetry and Hess s Law

Thermochemistry: Calorimetry and Hess s Law Thermochemistry: Calorimetry and Hess s Law Some chemical reactions are endothermic and proceed with absorption of heat while others are exothermic and proceed with an evolution of heat. The magnitude

More information

Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro. Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, Maqqwertd ygoijpk[l

Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro. Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley Hills, Maqqwertd ygoijpk[l Introductory Chemistry, 3 rd Edition Nivaldo Tro Quantities in Car an octane and oxygen molecules and carbon dioxide and water Chemical Reactions Roy Kennedy Massachusetts Bay Community College Wellesley

More information

AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES. Question 2

AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES. Question 2 AP CHEMISTRY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 2 N 2 (g) + 3 F 2 (g) 2 NF 3 (g) ΔH 298 = 264 kj mol 1 ; ΔS 298 = 278 J K 1 mol 1 The following questions relate to the synthesis reaction represented by the

More information

Test 5 Review questions. 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will

Test 5 Review questions. 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will Name: Thursday, December 13, 2007 Test 5 Review questions 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will 1. decrease 2. increase 3. remain the same 2. The graph below

More information

7-5.5. Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including:

7-5.5. Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including: 7-5.5 Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including: NaCl [salt], H 2 O [water], C 6 H 12 O 6 [simple sugar], O 2 [oxygen

More information

Reading: Moore chapter 18, sections 18.6-18.11 Questions for Review and Thought: 62, 69, 71, 73, 78, 83, 99, 102.

Reading: Moore chapter 18, sections 18.6-18.11 Questions for Review and Thought: 62, 69, 71, 73, 78, 83, 99, 102. Thermodynamics 2: Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium Reading: Moore chapter 18, sections 18.6-18.11 Questions for Review and Thought: 62, 69, 71, 73, 78, 83, 99, 102. Key Concepts and skills: definitions

More information

Chemistry 151 Final Exam

Chemistry 151 Final Exam Chemistry 151 Final Exam Name: SSN: Exam Rules & Guidelines Show your work. No credit will be given for an answer unless your work is shown. Indicate your answer with a box or a circle. All paperwork must

More information

Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt.

Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt. Section 2: Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What are the parts of a chemical reaction?

More information

Thermochemistry I: Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions

Thermochemistry I: Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions THERMOCHEMISTRY I 77 Thermochemistry I: Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions OBJECTIVES: Learn elementary concepts of calorimetry and thermochemistry Practice techniques of careful temperature, mass, and

More information

Chemical Reactions Practice Test

Chemical Reactions Practice Test Chemical Reactions Practice Test Chapter 2 Name Date Hour _ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The only sure evidence for a chemical reaction

More information

SUGGESTION ANSWER SCHEME CHAPTER 8: THERMOCHEMISTRY. 1 (a) Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions:

SUGGESTION ANSWER SCHEME CHAPTER 8: THERMOCHEMISTRY. 1 (a) Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions: SUGGESTION ANSWER SCHEME CHAPTER 8: THERMOCHEMISTRY ANSWER SCHEME UPS 2004/2005 SK027 1 (a) Use the data in the table below to answer the following questions: Enthalpy change ΔH (kj/mol) Atomization energy

More information

AAHS-CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM PREP-REVIEW GUIDE MAY-JUNE 2014 DR. GRAY CLASS OF 2016

AAHS-CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM PREP-REVIEW GUIDE MAY-JUNE 2014 DR. GRAY CLASS OF 2016 AAHS-CHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM PREP-REVIEW GUIDE MAY-JUNE 2014 DR. GRAY CLASS OF 2016 UNIT I: (CHAPTER 1-Zumdahl text) The Nature of Science and Chemistry 1. Explain why knowledge of chemistry is central to

More information

Chapter 6 Chemical Calculations

Chapter 6 Chemical Calculations Chapter 6 Chemical Calculations 1 Submicroscopic Macroscopic 2 Chapter Outline 1. Formula Masses (Ch 6.1) 2. Percent Composition (supplemental material) 3. The Mole & Avogadro s Number (Ch 6.2) 4. Molar

More information

Test Review # 9. Chemistry R: Form TR9.13A

Test Review # 9. Chemistry R: Form TR9.13A Chemistry R: Form TR9.13A TEST 9 REVIEW Name Date Period Test Review # 9 Collision theory. In order for a reaction to occur, particles of the reactant must collide. Not all collisions cause reactions.

More information

CHEM 105 HOUR EXAM III 28-OCT-99. = -163 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Ni(CO) 4 (g) = -260 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Cr(CO) 6 (g)

CHEM 105 HOUR EXAM III 28-OCT-99. = -163 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Ni(CO) 4 (g) = -260 kj/mole determine H f 0 for Cr(CO) 6 (g) CHEM 15 HOUR EXAM III 28-OCT-99 NAME (please print) 1. a. given: Ni (s) + 4 CO (g) = Ni(CO) 4 (g) H Rxn = -163 k/mole determine H f for Ni(CO) 4 (g) b. given: Cr (s) + 6 CO (g) = Cr(CO) 6 (g) H Rxn = -26

More information

vap H = RT 1T 2 = 30.850 kj mol 1 100 kpa = 341 K

vap H = RT 1T 2 = 30.850 kj mol 1 100 kpa = 341 K Thermodynamics: Examples for chapter 6. 1. The boiling point of hexane at 1 atm is 68.7 C. What is the boiling point at 1 bar? The vapor pressure of hexane at 49.6 C is 53.32 kpa. Assume that the vapor

More information

Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version

Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing point depression describes the process where the temperature at which a liquid freezes is lowered by adding another

More information

Science Department Mark Erlenwein, Assistant Principal

Science Department Mark Erlenwein, Assistant Principal Staten Island Technical High School Vincent A. Maniscalco, Principal The Physical Setting: CHEMISTRY Science Department Mark Erlenwein, Assistant Principal - Unit 1 - Matter and Energy Lessons 9-14 Heat,

More information

CHEM 110: CHAPTER 3: STOICHIOMETRY: CALCULATIONS WITH CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS

CHEM 110: CHAPTER 3: STOICHIOMETRY: CALCULATIONS WITH CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS 1 CHEM 110: CHAPTER 3: STOICHIOMETRY: CALCULATIONS WITH CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND EQUATIONS The Chemical Equation A chemical equation concisely shows the initial (reactants) and final (products) results of

More information

thermometer as simple as a styrofoam cup and a thermometer. In a calorimeter the reactants are placed into the

thermometer as simple as a styrofoam cup and a thermometer. In a calorimeter the reactants are placed into the Thermochemistry Readin assinment: Chan, Chemistry 10 th edition, pp. 249-258. Goals We will become familiar with the principles of calorimetry in order to determine the heats of reaction for endothermic

More information

1. The graph below represents the potential energy changes that occur in a chemical reaction. Which letter represents the activated complex?

1. The graph below represents the potential energy changes that occur in a chemical reaction. Which letter represents the activated complex? 1. The graph below represents the potential energy changes that occur in a chemical reaction. Which letter represents the activated complex? 4. According to the potential energy diagram shown above, the

More information

Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods

Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods 1.1 The Discovery Process o Chemistry - The study of matter o Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space, the stuff that things are made of. This

More information

Chem 31 Fall 2002. Chapter 3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

Chem 31 Fall 2002. Chapter 3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Chem 31 Fall 2002 Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 1. Write Equation in Words -you cannot write an equation unless you

More information

Standard Free Energies of Formation at 298 K. Average Bond Dissociation Energies at 298 K

Standard Free Energies of Formation at 298 K. Average Bond Dissociation Energies at 298 K 1 Thermodynamics There always seems to be at least one free response question that involves thermodynamics. These types of question also show up in the multiple choice questions. G, S, and H. Know what

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS Rearranging atoms. In a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms in one or more molecules (reactants) break and new bonds are formed with other atoms to

More information

CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING

CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING Essential Standard: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER,

More information

Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles

Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles TEKS REVIEW 8B Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles TEKS 8B READINESS Use the mole concept to calculate the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in a sample TEKS_TXT of material. Vocabulary

More information

Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations

Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations Chemical Calculations: Formula Masses, Moles, and Chemical Equations Atomic Mass & Formula Mass Recall from Chapter Three that the average mass of an atom of a given element can be found on the periodic

More information

HEAT OF FORMATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE

HEAT OF FORMATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE 303 HEAT OF FORMATION OF AMMONIUM NITRATE OBJECTIVES FOR THE EXPERIMENT The student will be able to do the following: 1. Calculate the change in enthalpy (heat of reaction) using the Law of Hess. 2. Find

More information

FORMA is EXAM I, VERSION 1 (v1) Name

FORMA is EXAM I, VERSION 1 (v1) Name FORMA is EXAM I, VERSION 1 (v1) Name 1. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL DIRECTED TO DO SO. 2. These tests are machine graded; therefore, be sure to use a No. 1 or 2 pencil for marking the answer sheets. 3.

More information

1 Exercise 2.19a pg 86

1 Exercise 2.19a pg 86 In this solution set, an underline is used to show the last significant digit of numbers. For instance in x = 2.51693 the 2,5,1, and 6 are all significant. Digits to the right of the underlined digit,

More information

Enthalpy of Reaction and Calorimetry worksheet

Enthalpy of Reaction and Calorimetry worksheet Enthalpy of Reaction and Calorimetry worksheet 1. Calcium carbonate decomposes at high temperature to form carbon dioxide and calcium oxide, calculate the enthalpy of reaction. CaCO 3 CO 2 + CaO 2. Carbon

More information

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily. The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole

More information

Sample Problem: STOICHIOMETRY and percent yield calculations. How much H 2 O will be formed if 454 g of. decomposes? NH 4 NO 3 N 2 O + 2 H 2 O

Sample Problem: STOICHIOMETRY and percent yield calculations. How much H 2 O will be formed if 454 g of. decomposes? NH 4 NO 3 N 2 O + 2 H 2 O STOICHIOMETRY and percent yield calculations 1 Steps for solving Stoichiometric Problems 2 Step 1 Write the balanced equation for the reaction. Step 2 Identify your known and unknown quantities. Step 3

More information

Chemistry 11 Some Study Materials for the Final Exam

Chemistry 11 Some Study Materials for the Final Exam Chemistry 11 Some Study Materials for the Final Exam Prefix Abbreviation Exponent giga G 10 9 mega M 10 6 kilo k 10 3 hecto h 10 2 deca da 10 1 deci d 10-1 centi c 10-2 milli m 10-3 micro µ 10-6 nano n

More information

Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium

Chapter 13 - Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 1 - Chemical Equilibrium Intro A. Chemical Equilibrium 1. The state where the concentrations of all reactants and products remain constant with time. All reactions carried out in a closed vessel

More information

Stoichiometry Exploring a Student-Friendly Method of Problem Solving

Stoichiometry Exploring a Student-Friendly Method of Problem Solving Stoichiometry Exploring a Student-Friendly Method of Problem Solving Stoichiometry comes in two forms: composition and reaction. If the relationship in question is between the quantities of each element

More information

States of Matter CHAPTER 10 REVIEW SECTION 1. Name Date Class. Answer the following questions in the space provided.

States of Matter CHAPTER 10 REVIEW SECTION 1. Name Date Class. Answer the following questions in the space provided. CHAPTER 10 REVIEW States of Matter SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Identify whether the descriptions below describe an ideal gas or a real gas. ideal gas

More information

CHEMISTRY. Matter and Change. Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3. The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry

CHEMISTRY. Matter and Change. Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3. The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry CHEMISTRY Matter and Change 13 Table Of Contents Chapter 13: Gases Section 13.1 Section 13.2 Section 13.3 The Gas Laws The Ideal Gas Law Gas Stoichiometry State the relationships among pressure, temperature,

More information

The Mole Concept. The Mole. Masses of molecules

The Mole Concept. The Mole. Masses of molecules The Mole Concept Ron Robertson r2 c:\files\courses\1110-20\2010 final slides for web\mole concept.docx The Mole The mole is a unit of measurement equal to 6.022 x 10 23 things (to 4 sf) just like there

More information

Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems

Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems 1. At 0.967 atm, the height of mercury in a barometer is 0.735 m. If the mercury were replaced with water, what height of water (in meters) would be supported at this pressure?

More information

The value of a state function is independent of the history of the system.

The value of a state function is independent of the history of the system. 1 THERMODYNAMICS - The study of energy in matter - Thermodynamics allows us to predict whether a chemical reaction occurs or not. - Thermodynamics tells us nothing about how fast a reaction occurs. - i.

More information

Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry

Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry Chapter Goals Balance equations for simple chemical reactions. Perform stoichiometry calculations using balanced chemical equations. Understand the meaning of the term

More information

Chapter 5 Principles of Chemical Reactivity: Energy and Chemical Reactions

Chapter 5 Principles of Chemical Reactivity: Energy and Chemical Reactions PRACTICING SKILLS Energy Chapter 5 Principles of Chemical Reactivity: 1. To move the lever, one uses mechanical energy. The energy resulting is manifest in electrical energy (which produces light); thermal

More information

Chemistry 13: States of Matter

Chemistry 13: States of Matter Chemistry 13: States of Matter Name: Period: Date: Chemistry Content Standard: Gases and Their Properties The kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and explains the properties

More information

Determination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC

Determination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC Determination of the enthalpy of TEC Related concepts First law of thermodynamics, Hess s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of combustion, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity. Principle The bomb

More information

CHEM 36 General Chemistry EXAM #1 February 13, 2002

CHEM 36 General Chemistry EXAM #1 February 13, 2002 CHEM 36 General Chemistry EXAM #1 February 13, 2002 Name: Serkey, Anne INSTRUCTIONS: Read through the entire exam before you begin. Answer all of the questions. For questions involving calculations, show

More information

Read the sections on Allotropy and Allotropes in your text (pages 464, 475, 871-2, 882-3) and answer the following:

Read the sections on Allotropy and Allotropes in your text (pages 464, 475, 871-2, 882-3) and answer the following: Descriptive Chemistry Assignment 5 Thermodynamics and Allotropes Read the sections on Allotropy and Allotropes in your text (pages 464, 475, 871-2, 882-3) and answer the following: 1. Define the word allotrope

More information

Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57

Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Thermodynamics study and application of thermal energy temperature quantity

More information

Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reactions Test Pre-AP Write all answers on your answer document.

Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reactions Test Pre-AP Write all answers on your answer document. Name: Period: Chemical Formulas, Equations, and Reactions Test Pre-AP Write all answers on your answer document. 1. Which of the following is a NOT a physical property of hydrogen? A. It is gas C. It is

More information

Unit 19 Practice. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Unit 19 Practice. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Class: Date: Unit 19 Practice Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The first law of thermodynamics can be given as. A) E = q + w B) =

More information

Bomb Calorimetry. Electrical leads. Stirrer

Bomb Calorimetry. Electrical leads. Stirrer Bomb Calorimetry Stirrer Electrical leads Oxygen inlet valve Bomb Fuse Calorimeter Outer jacket Not shown: heating and cooling system for outer jacket, and controls that keep the outer jacket at the same

More information

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space Chemical or Physical Property? Physical properties of matter: characteristics that can be observed or

More information

Part B 2. Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part.

Part B 2. Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. Part B 2 Allow a total of 15 credits for this part. The student must answer all questions in this part. 51 [1] Allow 1 credit for 3 Mg(s) N 2 (g) Mg 3 N 2 (s). Allow credit even if the coefficient 1 is

More information

Problem Set 3 Solutions

Problem Set 3 Solutions Chemistry 360 Dr Jean M Standard Problem Set 3 Solutions 1 (a) One mole of an ideal gas at 98 K is expanded reversibly and isothermally from 10 L to 10 L Determine the amount of work in Joules We start

More information

Unit 2: Quantities in Chemistry

Unit 2: Quantities in Chemistry Mass, Moles, & Molar Mass Relative quantities of isotopes in a natural occurring element (%) E.g. Carbon has 2 isotopes C-12 and C-13. Of Carbon s two isotopes, there is 98.9% C-12 and 11.1% C-13. Find

More information

5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C

5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C 1. The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when 1) H 2 O(s) changes to H 2 O( ) at 0ºC 3) H 2 O( ) at 10ºC changes to H 2 O( ) at 20ºC 2) H 2 O( ) changes to H 2 O(s) at 0ºC 4) H 2 O( )

More information

pencil. Vocabulary: 1. Reactant 2. Product 3. Activation energy 4. Catalyst 5. substrate 6. Chemical reaction Keep your textbooks when you are done

pencil. Vocabulary: 1. Reactant 2. Product 3. Activation energy 4. Catalyst 5. substrate 6. Chemical reaction Keep your textbooks when you are done Objectives Students will explore the importance of chemical reactions in biology Students will discuss the role of enzymes as catalysts in biological reactions. Students will analyze graphs showing how

More information

Worksheet #17. 2. How much heat is released when 143 g of ice is cooled from 14 C to 75 C, if the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.087 J/(g C).

Worksheet #17. 2. How much heat is released when 143 g of ice is cooled from 14 C to 75 C, if the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.087 J/(g C). Worksheet #17 Calculating Heat 1. How much heat is needed to bring 12.0 g of water from 28.3 C to 43.87 C, if the specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 /(g? 2. How much heat is released when 143 g of

More information

Liquid phase. Balance equation Moles A Stoic. coefficient. Aqueous phase

Liquid phase. Balance equation Moles A Stoic. coefficient. Aqueous phase STOICHIOMETRY Objective The purpose of this exercise is to give you some practice on some Stoichiometry calculations. Discussion The molecular mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all

More information

Thermodynamics Worksheet I also highly recommend Worksheets 13 and 14 in the Lab Manual

Thermodynamics Worksheet I also highly recommend Worksheets 13 and 14 in the Lab Manual Thermodynamics Worksheet I also highly recommend Worksheets 13 and 14 in the Lab Manual 1. Predict the sign of entropy change in the following processes a) The process of carbonating water to make a soda

More information

Boyle s law - For calculating changes in pressure or volume: P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2. Charles law - For calculating temperature or volume changes: V 1 T 1

Boyle s law - For calculating changes in pressure or volume: P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2. Charles law - For calculating temperature or volume changes: V 1 T 1 Common Equations Used in Chemistry Equation for density: d= m v Converting F to C: C = ( F - 32) x 5 9 Converting C to F: F = C x 9 5 + 32 Converting C to K: K = ( C + 273.15) n x molar mass of element

More information

Answer, Key Homework 6 David McIntyre 1

Answer, Key Homework 6 David McIntyre 1 Answer, Key Homework 6 David McIntyre 1 This print-out should have 0 questions, check that it is complete. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page: find all choices before making

More information

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question.

Name Class Date. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. Assessment Chapter Test A Chapter: States of Matter In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1. The kinetic-molecular

More information

Chapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations

Chapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.

More information

Balance the following equation: KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 KCl + CO 2 + H 2 O

Balance the following equation: KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 KCl + CO 2 + H 2 O Balance the following equation: KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 KCl + CO 2 + H 2 O Ans: 8 KClO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 8 KCl + 12 CO 2 + 11 H 2 O 3.2 Chemical Symbols at Different levels Chemical symbols represent

More information

Chapter 5 Chemical Quantities and Reactions. Collection Terms. 5.1 The Mole. A Mole of a Compound. A Mole of Atoms.

Chapter 5 Chemical Quantities and Reactions. Collection Terms. 5.1 The Mole. A Mole of a Compound. A Mole of Atoms. Chapter 5 Chemical Quantities and Reactions 5.1 The Mole Collection Terms A collection term states a specific number of items. 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets 1 case = 24 cans 1

More information

Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance.

Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance. .1.1 Measure the motion of objects to understand.1.1 Develop graphical, the relationships among distance, velocity and mathematical, and pictorial acceleration. Develop deeper understanding through representations

More information

Gas Laws. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles which make up all types of matter are in constant motion.

Gas Laws. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles which make up all types of matter are in constant motion. Name Period Gas Laws Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of molecules. Gas state of matter made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules). Each atom or molecule is very far from other atoms or molecules.

More information

Heat of Combustion PCh 6-99

Heat of Combustion PCh 6-99 UMR ChemLabs Heat of Combustion PCh 6-99 Gary L. Bertrand, Professor of Chemistry A calorimeter (calor L = heat + metron Gr = measure) should be literally a device to measure heat. In reality, most calorimeters

More information

Chemical Reactions 2 The Chemical Equation

Chemical Reactions 2 The Chemical Equation Chemical Reactions 2 The Chemical Equation INFORMATION Chemical equations are symbolic devices used to represent actual chemical reactions. The left side of the equation, called the reactants, is separated

More information

Problem Solving. Stoichiometry of Gases

Problem Solving. Stoichiometry of Gases Skills Worksheet Problem Solving Stoichiometry of Gases Now that you have worked with relationships among moles, mass, and volumes of gases, you can easily put these to work in stoichiometry calculations.

More information

87 16 70 20 58 24 44 32 35 40 29 48 (a) graph Y versus X (b) graph Y versus 1/X

87 16 70 20 58 24 44 32 35 40 29 48 (a) graph Y versus X (b) graph Y versus 1/X HOMEWORK 5A Barometer; Boyle s Law 1. The pressure of the first two gases below is determined with a manometer that is filled with mercury (density = 13.6 g/ml). The pressure of the last two gases below

More information

Other Stoich Calculations A. mole mass (mass mole) calculations. GIVEN mol A x CE mol B. PT g A CE mol A MOLE MASS :

Other Stoich Calculations A. mole mass (mass mole) calculations. GIVEN mol A x CE mol B. PT g A CE mol A MOLE MASS : Chem. I Notes Ch. 12, part 2 Using Moles NOTE: Vocabulary terms are in boldface and underlined. Supporting details are in italics. 1 MOLE = 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles (representative particles

More information

Chapter 3. Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry. Lecture Presentation. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT

Chapter 3. Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry. Lecture Presentation. James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Reaction James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT The study of the mass relationships in chemistry Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass

More information

Matter. Atomic weight, Molecular weight and Mole

Matter. Atomic weight, Molecular weight and Mole Matter Atomic weight, Molecular weight and Mole Atomic Mass Unit Chemists of the nineteenth century realized that, in order to measure the mass of an atomic particle, it was useless to use the standard

More information

Exp 13 Volumetric Analysis: Acid-Base titration

Exp 13 Volumetric Analysis: Acid-Base titration Exp 13 Volumetric Analysis: Acid-Base titration Exp. 13 video (time: 47:17 minutes) Titration - is the measurement of the volume of a standard solution required to completely react with a measured volume

More information

AP CHEMISTRY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

AP CHEMISTRY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) AP CHEMISTRY 2009 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B) Question 3 (10 points) 2 H 2 O 2 (aq) 2 H 2 O(l) + O 2 (g) The mass of an aqueous solution of H 2 O 2 is 6.951 g. The H 2 O 2 in the solution decomposes completely

More information

CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test

CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test Stoichiometry Problems (one given reactant): 1. Make sure you have a balanced chemical equation 2. Convert to moles of the known substance. (Use the periodic

More information

Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions

Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions Chapter 8 - Chemical Equations and Reactions 8-1 Describing Chemical Reactions I. Introduction A. Reactants 1. Original substances entering into a chemical rxn B. Products 1. The resulting substances from

More information

The Mole Notes. There are many ways to or measure things. In Chemistry we also have special ways to count and measure things, one of which is the.

The Mole Notes. There are many ways to or measure things. In Chemistry we also have special ways to count and measure things, one of which is the. The Mole Notes I. Introduction There are many ways to or measure things. In Chemistry we also have special ways to count and measure things, one of which is the. A. The Mole (mol) Recall that atoms of

More information

Chemistry 122 Mines, Spring 2014

Chemistry 122 Mines, Spring 2014 Chemistry 122 Mines, Spring 2014 Answer Key, Problem Set 9 1. 18.44(c) (Also indicate the sign on each electrode, and show the flow of ions in the salt bridge.); 2. 18.46 (do this for all cells in 18.44

More information

1. How many hydrogen atoms are in 1.00 g of hydrogen?

1. How many hydrogen atoms are in 1.00 g of hydrogen? MOLES AND CALCULATIONS USING THE MOLE CONCEPT INTRODUCTORY TERMS A. What is an amu? 1.66 x 10-24 g B. We need a conversion to the macroscopic world. 1. How many hydrogen atoms are in 1.00 g of hydrogen?

More information