THE EFFECT OF IMBIBITION AND CANE QUALITY ON THE FRONT END MASS BALANCE
|
|
- Simon Greer
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Procdings of Th South AfricanSugar Tchnologists' Association - Jun 1995 THE EFFECT OF IMBIBITION AND CANE QUALITY ON THE FRONT END MASS BALANCE A WIENESE Sugar Milling Rsarch Institut, Durban Abstract It is gnrally accptd that th fibr % can, bri % can and imbibition % fibr affct th prformanc of th front nd of a factory. In an attmpt to quantify ths ffcts a modl was dvlopd giving front nd mass balancs on fibr, bri and watr as a function of ths paramtrs. Th modl is basd on th assumption ofconstant ratios of [fibr % juicl/lfibr % bagass], [bri % juic]/[bri % bagass] and [watr % juic]/[watr %bagass]. Th modl was tstd against ral factory data with surprisingly good rsults. As far as traction is concrnd th rsults wr vry similar to th corrctd rducd traction (CRE) quation as usd in th South African sugar industry. Introduction Th composition of th can and th lvl of imbibition influnc th prformanc of th front nd of th factory. Som knowldg of th ffct of ths paramtrs is of intrst for two rasons, firstly to compar prformancs with similar paramtrs and scondly to prdict th ffct on th prformanc du to a chang in ths paramtrs. A litratur survy shows a multitud ofpaprs on this topic. Drr (1933), Hugot (1986), Mittal (1969), Rin (1975) and many othrs hav studid th ffct of fibr and pol % can on traction to driv what is now known as a corrctd rducd traction (CRE). Sullivan (1985), Wins (19)and othrs hav lookd at th ffct of imbibition on traction. Thr ar howvr two distinct disadvantags of th approachs followd by ths authors. Th first is that prformanc is masurd only in trms of traction. Both th amounts of bagass and juic and thir compositions ar howvr also affctd and ar important for diffrnt rasons, th bagass from a ful point of viw and th juic from an vaporator point of viw. Th scond disadvantag is that thy dal ithr with th composition ofth can or with th lvl ofimbibition but nvr with th combination of th two. On would prfr an approach in which th output in all its aspcts is givn as a function of all th rlvant inputs. Such an approach lads to front nd mass balancs on fibr, bri and watr. Thortical modl Th input for th front nd of a sugar factory consists of can and imbibition. This combind input has a quantitativ and a qualitativ aspct. Th quantity of th input is gnrally considrd to b th throughput in tons of fibr. Th quality can b prssd in trms of fibr, bri and watr prcntags. Similarly th output of th front nd consists of bagass and juic with thir rspctiv compositions of fibr, bri and watr. Monthly factory figurs covring th priod btwn 1979 and 1993 wr usd to dvlop a standard mass balanc using th avrags of ths figurs and is shown in Tabl 1. For a givn input thr indpndnt output variabls ar rquird in ordr to complt mass balancs on fibr, bri and watr around th traction plant. Ths could b, for Tabl 1 Standard mass balanc Fibr (%) 1,22 46,2,46 Bri (%) 9,67 1,98 lj,76 Watr (%) 8,11 51,82 87,78 ampl, bri % bagass, moistur % bagass and fibr % juic. It is now assumd that any chang in concntration of fibr, bri or watr in th input affcts th concntration of ths componnts in th output, in th sam dirction. This mans that at a constant fibr throughput an incras in bri % input rsults in an incras in both bri % bagass and bri % juic. Equally, a dcras in bri % input lads to a dcras in bri % bagass and in bri % juic. If this is tru thn a constant bri % input must giv a constant bri % bagass and a constant bri % juic. This applis qually to fibr and watr. Hnc th imbibition watr is tratd th sam as th watr in can. This is obviously not ntirly corrct but maks provision for changs in imbibition. Any qualitativ chang in th composition of th input (Tabl 1 to Tabl 3) can b sn as th sum of two changs. Th first is a chang in bri % input at a constant fibr % input and th scond a chang in fibr % input at a constant bri % input. Sinc th first chang dos not affct th fibr % input, th fibr % bagass and th fibr % juic stay constant. This givs two output variabls and only on mor variabl is rquird in ordr to calculat a full mass balanc for this particularchang. If that variabl is th bri %juic (12,58) thn Tabl I changs to Tabl 2. Tabl 2 Effct of bri on mass balanc Can + Imbition Bagass Juic Fibr (%) 1,22 46,2,46 Bri(%) 1,32 2, 12,58 Watr (%) 79,46 51,8 86,96 Similarly th scond chang dos not affct th bri % input, and th bri % bagass and th bri % juic stay constant. Again two output variabls ar known and on mor is rquird to stablish a full mass balanc. If that variabl is th fibr % juic (,44) thn Tabl 2 changs to Tabl
2 Procdings of Th South African Sugar Tchnologists' Association - Jun 1995 Tabl 3 Effct of fibr on mass balanc Fibr (%) 9,78 44,24,44 Bri (%) 1,32 2, 12,58 Watr (%) 79,9 53,76 86,98 pl assumption of constant output concntration ratios, th rsults wr surprisingly good. As far as tons imbibition, tons bagass and tons juic ar concrnd thr ar virtually no diffrncs btwn calculatd and actual data. Figur I shows tons of bagass , , 12 Th nt rsult of th sum of ths two changs should howvr still satisfy th condition that a chang in a concntration in th input is followd by a chang in concntration in th two outputs in th sam dirction. So far no solution has bn found to mt this rquirmnt and lad to ralistic answrs at th sam tim. Th forgoing discussion pavs th way howvr for a slightly diffrnt approach. Whn a chang in concntration in th input rsults in a chang in concntration in th output in th sam dirction thn obviously th chang in concntration in th bagass and th juic ar in th sam dirction. On way to achiv this is to assum a constant ratio btwn th concntration in bagass and th concntration in juic. Sinc bagass and juic consist ofthr componnts, fibr, bri and watr, this rsults in thr ratios [fibr %juic]/[fibr % bagass], [bri % juic]/[bri % bagass[ and [watr % juic]/[watr % bagass]. This is actly th numbr of output variabls that ar rquird to calculat mass balancs givn a crtain input. Th ratios basd on Tabl 1 ar,1; 5,954 and 1,6 for fibr, bri and watr rspctivly. Using ths ratios th ffct of th prvious chang in input (Tabl 1 to Tabl 3) is now shown in Tabl FIGURE 1 Tons bagass. Th sam can b said about tons bri in juic, tons fibr in bagass, tons watr in juic and tons watr in bagass. This is not rally unpctd sinc ths quantitis ar rlativly larg. Whn considring small quantitissuch as tons bri in bagass and tons fibr injuic thr ar indd gratr diffrncs btwn calculatd and actual data but thy still follow th sam trnd. Figur 2 shows tons bri in bagass. Tabl 4 applid to standard mass balanc , 3 Fibr (%) 9,78 46,48,46 Bri (%) 1,32 2,9 12,43 Watr (%) 79,9 51,43 87,11 This "constant ratio" modl applis to milling tandms and to diffusrs alik. It provids a mass balanc of th front nd as a function of fibr %can, bri %can and imbibition at a constant fibr throughput vrification Tsting ofth modl can obviously only b don against ral factory data. Th problm with such data is howvr that not only th quality of th input changs but also th quantity. Nvrthlss th modl was usd to calculat monthly front nd mass balancs for th priod btwn 1977 and 1993 using concntration ratios basd on th avrag mass balanc for that priod (Tabl 1). Ths ratios for [fibr % juic]/[fibr % bagass], [bri % juic]/[bri % bagass] and [watr % juic]/[watr % bagass] ar,1; 5,954 and 1,6 rspctivly. Considring th rlativly sim- FIGURE 2 Tons bri in bagass. Whn looking at prcntags rathr than tonnags thr ar two trms. Th bri % juic and moistur % juic show prfct fits btwn calculatd and actual data. As far as th formr is concrnd this is not unusual whn considring th high lvls oftraction that ar achivd. Figur 3 shows th bri %juic. By far th gratst discrpancy is found in th fibr % juic. Th actual fibr '% juic fluctuats much mor than th calculatd on. Sinc on would pct this figur to b 182
3 Procdings of Th South African Sugar Tchnologists' Association - Jun , , 13 l12 Ql :2-.5::. 11 m Ql 2.2 >. '"!'" FIGURE 3 Bri % Juic. FIGURE 5 Bri % bagass. rasonably stady it is possibl that ths fluctuations ar , du to othr factors than th quality of th input in trms of its fibr and bri. Sand which is considrd part of th fibr could wll playa rol hr. Fortunatly th fibr %juic has only a small ffct on th othr variabls of th mass 96 balanc. Figur 4 shows th fibr % juic. (' i ; 2?i: Ql :2,.S.c.8 u:: 1.6 a \ \ tl, 1! 95 i i Q).!S ai ,--, , , ,,._--..- l FIGURE 6 Bri traction. \1.4 FIGURE 4 82 Fibr % juic Othr prcntags such as bri % bagass, fibr % bagass and moistur % bagass do show som diffrncs. Ths diffrncs ar howvr small and th calculatd valus crtainly follow th actual valus quit wll. This is vn tru for a small and thrfor difficult to dtrmin variabl lik bri % bagass which is shown in Figur 5. On ofth most important variabls is obviously th bri traction. With a consistntly high traction ofabout 97% with small variations this figur is vry difficult to calculat accuratly. Taking this into considration th agrmnt btwn actual and calculatd valus is still vry good. Th actual traction rsponds howvr mor strongly to changs in th input than th calculatd on. Figur 6 shows th bri traction. Corrctd rducd traction dpndnt of can quality. At th sam tim ths modls can b usd to dmonstrat th ffct of can quality on traction, particularly th ffcts of fibr and pol in can on pol traction. Th CRE modl usd in South Africa is a statistical approach dvlopd by Rin (1975). Whn basd on bri rathr than on pol this CRE modl has th following form: Thr ar various modls for corrctd rducd traction (CRE) which is a comparativ traction that should b inwhr th subscripts 1 and 2 rfr to two diffrnt conditions. E = bri traction F = fibr % can B = bri % can Using th data from Tabl 1 as th standard mass balanc th ffct of fibr % can on bri traction was calculatd using th "constant ratio" and th CRE modls. Around th standard fibr % can th two modls produc vry similar rsults. Only at vry high fibrs, abov 2%, th traction calculatd by th CRE modl dcrass at a fastr rat. This is howvr outsid th normal fibr rang princd in South Africa. Figur 7 shows th bri traction as calculatd by th two modls. 183
4 Procdings of Th South African Sugar Tchnologists' Association - Jun c: U 95 Q). ld Fibr in can (%) FIGURE 7 CRE and th ffct of fibr on bri traction. FIGURE 9 CRE and bri traction. Basd again on th data from Tabl 1 as th standard th ffct ofbri % can on bri traction was calculatd using both modls. Although moving in th sam dirction this ffct is much mor prominnt for th CRE modl than it is for th "constant ratio" modl. Within th normal bri rang th diffrncs ar howvr within accptabl lvls. Figur 8 shows th bri traction as calculatd by th two modls. l c:. s. III 99T" , Briincan(%) FIGURE 8 CRE and th ffct of bri on bri traction. I.I Th combind ffct of fibr and bri on bri traction was calculatd using th CRE modl on th monthly data of 15 yars. At th sam tim th "constant ratio" modl was usd on th sam data. Although th lattr modl taks th imbibition into considration as wll as fibr and bri, th rsults wr vry much th sam. This mrly indicats that th imbibition lvls hav not changd much ovr th last 15 yars. Figur 9 shows th bri traction as calculatd by th two modls. Applications of th modl Th modl would b much mor usful if th bri traction could b rlatd to th sucros traction. Lionnt (1981) dvlopd an mpirical rlationship btwn can 25 3 purity, mid juic purity and sucros traction. Basd on this rlationship an quation of th following gnral form was drivd: Sucros traction = a * Bri traction' + b * Bri traction + c whr "a", "b" and "c" ar constants. In ordr to calculat ths constants thr bri tractions and thir corrsponding sucros tractions must b known. Th first is th % bri traction corrsponding to a % sucros traction. Th scond is th 1%bri traction which coincids with a 1% sucros traction. Th third is th standard bri and sucros traction. With a standard bri traction of 95,65% and a corrsponding standard sucros traction of 97,33%th constants "a", "b" and "c" ar,44; 1,4428 and, rspctivly. With ths thr constants known, matching sucros tractions can now b calculatd from non-standard bri tractions. Th forgoing applis to milling tandms as wll as to diffusrs. With this addition th modl provids a mans to calculat mass balancs onfibr, bri, watr and sucros whrby th output is a function of th input. Changs in th input can com from two sourcs, th amount of imbibition and th composition of th can. Whil changs in th formr ar just straightforward incrass or dcrass in th lvl ofimbibition, most of th changs in th lattr ar th rsult of sasonal ffcts and/or variations in harvsting practics, i.. burning or trashing. Th ffct of ths changs on th output touchs on th prformanc of subsqunt procsss. Th amount of juic togthr with th bri impact on vaporator capacity. On its own th bri is a masur oftraction and is dirctly rlatd to sugar output. Th suspndd solids in juic control th load on th clarifir and mud filtrs. Bagass normally srvs as ful for th boilrs and both its quantity and quality influnc boilr opration. Th quality is mainly dtrmind by its calorific valu on which moistur and bri hav an advrs ffct. Too littl or bad bagass could man th nd to bum additional ful in th form of coal. Th modl could prov its usfulnss in th study of all ths ffcts. Som ampls ar th ffct of imbibition on traction and th moistur % bagass, th ffct of can burning on th quantity of bagass and th influnc of sasonal changs in fibr and bri in can on traction. Figur 1 shows an ampl of th possibl ffct of th imbibition % fibr on sucros traction and moistur % bagass basd on th figurs givn abov. 184
5 Procdings ofth South African Sugar Tchnologists' Association - Jun 1995 Tabl 5 Standard mass balanc at imbibition of 186% on fibr % Fibr % Watr % Bri % Purity Mass FI Can 14,15 72,27 13,58 82;7 1, Juic,9 85,97 13,13 83,6 95,22 Bagass 45,5 51,3 3,65 78,43 29,51 Imbibition, 1,,, 24,73 Tabl 6 Calculatd mass balanc at imbition of 25% on fibr % Fibr % Watr % Bri % Purity Mass F1 Can 14,15 72,27 13,58 82,7 1, Juic,89 86,95 12,15 83,6 13,5 Bagass 44,73 51,89 3,38 78,43 29,57 Imbibition, 1,,, 33,6 197 s. 98T""""' ,/ g / (/)./ / Etraction Moistur 9S.J--.,.---,----,-----,,-----,--, ,---r soo 6 lmbibltion% fibr FIGURE 1 Th ffct of imbibition on sucros traction and moistur % bagass. Th modl was rcntly usd to invstigat th ffct of an incras in imbibition on th mass balanc from a particular factory. Th standard mass balanc ofthat factory at 186% imbibition on fibr is givn in Tabl 5 showing a sucros traction of 92,47%. This standard mass balanc has ratios for [fibr % juic]/ [fibr % bagass], [bri % juic]/[bri % bagass] and [watr % juic]l[watr % bagass] of,2; 3,593 and 1,676 rspctivly. Th constants rlating bri traction to sucros traction ar a= -,56; b= 1,568 and c=o,o. Basd on ths figurs th nw mass balanc at 25% inbibition was calculatd and is givn in Tabl 6. Th sucros traction at that imbibition lvl is 93,2%. All this is howvr only maningful undr constant opration conditions. Changs such as a chang in fibr throughput, th addition of a mill, bttr can prparation, diffrnt mill sttings, tc. will most likly chang th concntration ratios and thrfor diminish th validity of th modl. Th modl should also b applid within ralistic limits. An imbibition lvl which causs flooding in th diffusr is typically outsid ths limits. Apart from bing usd for individual factoris th modl can also b mployd for th industry as a whol to compar factoris, in which cas on nds to agr on common standards. Conclusions Using th "constant ratio" modl on historical data of 15 yars to calculat front nd mass balancs was surprisingly succssful, surprising bcaus of th rlativly simpl assumption of constant ratios of [fibr % juic]/[fibr % bagass], [bri % juic]/[bri % bagass] and [watr % juic]/ [watr % bagass]. All variabls showd good agrmnt btwn calculatd and actual valus with th cption of th fibr % juic. Whn comparing th modl with th CRE on, th ffct of fibr was vry similar in th usual fibr rang whil th ffct of bri was somwhat lss. Th bri traction calculatd with both modls did howvr giv vry much th sam rsults. As th modl dscribs th ffct of can quality and imbibition on th amount and composition of bagass and juic, it can b usd to' prdict th ffct of changs in th input and to valuat front nd prformanc. REFERENCES Drr, N (1933). Th rduction of sugar factory rsults to a common basis of comparison. Int Sugar Journal 35: 214. Hugot, E (1986). Hand Book of Can Sugar Enginring. 3rd dition Elsvir, Amstrdam, Lionnt, GRE (1981). Th ffct of th lvl of traction on mid juic purity. Proc S AfrSug Tchnol Ass 55: Mittal, BL (1969). Critical survy of formula for assssing can milling capacity and can milling fficincy.int Sugar Journal. 71: Rin, PW (1975). A statistical analysis of th ffct of can quality on traction prformanc. Proc S Afr Sug Tchnol Ass 49: Sullivan, MD (1985). Imbibition optimisation. In! Sugar JournaI8?: 141, Wins, A (19). Imbibition optimisation at Mount Edgcomb. Proc S Afr Sug Tchnol Ass 68:
QUANTITATIVE METHODS CLASSES WEEK SEVEN
QUANTITATIVE METHODS CLASSES WEEK SEVEN Th rgrssion modls studid in prvious classs assum that th rspons variabl is quantitativ. Oftn, howvr, w wish to study social procsss that lad to two diffrnt outcoms.
More informationby John Donald, Lecturer, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Deakin University, Australia
Studnt Nots Cost Volum Profit Analysis by John Donald, Lcturr, School of Accounting, Economics and Financ, Dakin Univrsity, Australia As mntiond in th last st of Studnt Nots, th ability to catgoris costs
More informationEcon 371: Answer Key for Problem Set 1 (Chapter 12-13)
con 37: Answr Ky for Problm St (Chaptr 2-3) Instructor: Kanda Naknoi Sptmbr 4, 2005. (2 points) Is it possibl for a country to hav a currnt account dficit at th sam tim and has a surplus in its balanc
More informationQuestion 3: How do you find the relative extrema of a function?
ustion 3: How do you find th rlativ trma of a function? Th stratgy for tracking th sign of th drivativ is usful for mor than dtrmining whr a function is incrasing or dcrasing. It is also usful for locating
More informationAdverse Selection and Moral Hazard in a Model With 2 States of the World
Advrs Slction and Moral Hazard in a Modl With 2 Stats of th World A modl of a risky situation with two discrt stats of th world has th advantag that it can b natly rprsntd using indiffrnc curv diagrams,
More informationLecture 3: Diffusion: Fick s first law
Lctur 3: Diffusion: Fick s first law Today s topics What is diffusion? What drivs diffusion to occur? Undrstand why diffusion can surprisingly occur against th concntration gradint? Larn how to dduc th
More informationEFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMACE OF RECTANGULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINS
25 Vol. 3 () January-March, pp.37-5/tripathi EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMACE OF RECTANGULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINS *Shilpa Tripathi Dpartmnt of Chmical Enginring, Indor Institut
More informationForeign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates
Microconomics Topic 1: Explain why xchang rats indicat th pric of intrnational currncis and how xchang rats ar dtrmind by supply and dmand for currncis in intrnational markts. Rfrnc: Grgory Mankiw s Principls
More informationhttp://www.wwnorton.com/chemistry/tutorials/ch14.htm Repulsive Force
ctivation nrgis http://www.wwnorton.com/chmistry/tutorials/ch14.htm (back to collision thory...) Potntial and Kintic nrgy during a collision + + ngativly chargd lctron cloud Rpulsiv Forc ngativly chargd
More informationParallel and Distributed Programming. Performance Metrics
Paralll and Distributd Programming Prformanc! wo main goals to b achivd with th dsign of aralll alications ar:! Prformanc: th caacity to rduc th tim to solv th roblm whn th comuting rsourcs incras;! Scalability:
More informationNew Basis Functions. Section 8. Complex Fourier Series
Nw Basis Functions Sction 8 Complx Fourir Sris Th complx Fourir sris is prsntd first with priod 2, thn with gnral priod. Th connction with th ral-valud Fourir sris is xplaind and formula ar givn for convrting
More informationBasis risk. When speaking about forward or futures contracts, basis risk is the market
Basis risk Whn spaking about forward or futurs contracts, basis risk is th markt risk mismatch btwn a position in th spot asst and th corrsponding futurs contract. Mor broadly spaking, basis risk (also
More informationTraffic Flow Analysis (2)
Traffic Flow Analysis () Statistical Proprtis. Flow rat distributions. Hadway distributions. Spd distributions by Dr. Gang-Ln Chang, Profssor Dirctor of Traffic safty and Oprations Lab. Univrsity of Maryland,
More informationAnalyzing the Economic Efficiency of ebaylike Online Reputation Reporting Mechanisms
A rsarch and ducation initiativ at th MIT Sloan School of Managmnt Analyzing th Economic Efficincy of Baylik Onlin Rputation Rporting Mchanisms Papr Chrysanthos Dllarocas July For mor information, plas
More informationCPS 220 Theory of Computation REGULAR LANGUAGES. Regular expressions
CPS 22 Thory of Computation REGULAR LANGUAGES Rgular xprssions Lik mathmatical xprssion (5+3) * 4. Rgular xprssion ar built using rgular oprations. (By th way, rgular xprssions show up in various languags:
More informationSPECIAL VOWEL SOUNDS
SPECIAL VOWEL SOUNDS Plas consult th appropriat supplmnt for th corrsponding computr softwar lsson. Rfr to th 42 Sounds Postr for ach of th Spcial Vowl Sounds. TEACHER INFORMATION: Spcial Vowl Sounds (SVS)
More information81-1-ISD Economic Considerations of Heat Transfer on Sheet Metal Duct
Air Handling Systms Enginring & chnical Bulltin 81-1-ISD Economic Considrations of Hat ransfr on Sht Mtal Duct Othr bulltins hav dmonstratd th nd to add insulation to cooling/hating ducts in ordr to achiv
More informationFACULTY SALARIES FALL 2004. NKU CUPA Data Compared To Published National Data
FACULTY SALARIES FALL 2004 NKU CUPA Data Compard To Publishd National Data May 2005 Fall 2004 NKU Faculty Salaris Compard To Fall 2004 Publishd CUPA Data In th fall 2004 Northrn Kntucky Univrsity was among
More informationIntermediate Macroeconomic Theory / Macroeconomic Analysis (ECON 3560/5040) Final Exam (Answers)
Intrmdiat Macroconomic Thory / Macroconomic Analysis (ECON 3560/5040) Final Exam (Answrs) Part A (5 points) Stat whthr you think ach of th following qustions is tru (T), fals (F), or uncrtain (U) and brifly
More informationLecture 20: Emitter Follower and Differential Amplifiers
Whits, EE 3 Lctur 0 Pag of 8 Lctur 0: Emittr Followr and Diffrntial Amplifirs Th nxt two amplifir circuits w will discuss ar ry important to lctrical nginring in gnral, and to th NorCal 40A spcifically.
More informationCategory 7: Employee Commuting
7 Catgory 7: Employ Commuting Catgory dscription This catgory includs missions from th transportation of mploys 4 btwn thir homs and thir worksits. Emissions from mploy commuting may aris from: Automobil
More informationGold versus stock investment: An econometric analysis
Intrnational Journal of Dvlopmnt and Sustainability Onlin ISSN: 268-8662 www.isdsnt.com/ijds Volum Numbr, Jun 202, Pag -7 ISDS Articl ID: IJDS20300 Gold vrsus stock invstmnt: An conomtric analysis Martin
More informationThe example is taken from Sect. 1.2 of Vol. 1 of the CPN book.
Rsourc Allocation Abstract This is a small toy xampl which is wll-suitd as a first introduction to Cnts. Th CN modl is dscribd in grat dtail, xplaining th basic concpts of C-nts. Hnc, it can b rad by popl
More informationLong run: Law of one price Purchasing Power Parity. Short run: Market for foreign exchange Factors affecting the market for foreign exchange
Lctur 6: Th Forign xchang Markt xchang Rats in th long run CON 34 Mony and Banking Profssor Yamin Ahmad xchang Rats in th Short Run Intrst Parity Big Concpts Long run: Law of on pric Purchasing Powr Parity
More informationAP Calculus AB 2008 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus AB 8 Scoring Guidlins Th Collg Board: Conncting Studnts to Collg Succss Th Collg Board is a not-for-profit mmbrship association whos mission is to connct studnts to collg succss and opportunity.
More informationIncomplete 2-Port Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Methods
Incomplt -Port Vctor Ntwork nalyzr Calibration Mthods. Hnz, N. Tmpon, G. Monastrios, H. ilva 4 RF Mtrology Laboratory Instituto Nacional d Tcnología Industrial (INTI) Bunos irs, rgntina ahnz@inti.gov.ar
More informationIncreasing Net Debt as a percentage of Average Equalized ValuaOon
City of Orang Township Warning Trnd: Incrasing Nt Dbt as a prcntag of avrag qualizd valuation Nt Dbt 3 yr. Avg. qualizd Valuation Incrasing Nt Dbt as a prcntag of Avrag Equalizd ValuaOon rc 1.20% 1.00%
More informationVersion 1.0. General Certificate of Education (A-level) January 2012. Mathematics MPC3. (Specification 6360) Pure Core 3. Final.
Vrsion.0 Gnral Crtificat of Education (A-lvl) January 0 Mathmatics MPC (Spcification 660) Pur Cor Final Mark Schm Mark schms ar prpard by th Principal Eaminr and considrd, togthr with th rlvant qustions,
More informationA Note on Approximating. the Normal Distribution Function
Applid Mathmatical Scincs, Vol, 00, no 9, 45-49 A Not on Approimating th Normal Distribution Function K M Aludaat and M T Alodat Dpartmnt of Statistics Yarmouk Univrsity, Jordan Aludaatkm@hotmailcom and
More information5.4 Exponential Functions: Differentiation and Integration TOOTLIFTST:
.4 Eponntial Functions: Diffrntiation an Intgration TOOTLIFTST: Eponntial functions ar of th form f ( ) Ab. W will, in this sction, look at a spcific typ of ponntial function whr th bas, b, is.78.... This
More information5 2 index. e e. Prime numbers. Prime factors and factor trees. Powers. worked example 10. base. power
Prim numbrs W giv spcial nams to numbrs dpnding on how many factors thy hav. A prim numbr has xactly two factors: itslf and 1. A composit numbr has mor than two factors. 1 is a spcial numbr nithr prim
More informationWhole Systems Approach to CO 2 Capture, Transport and Storage
Whol Systms Approach to CO 2 Captur, Transport and Storag N. Mac Dowll, A. Alhajaj, N. Elahi, Y. Zhao, N. Samsatli and N. Shah UKCCS Mting, July 14th 2011, Nottingham, UK Ovrviw 1 Introduction 2 3 4 Powr
More informationIntroduction to Finite Element Modeling
Introduction to Finit Elmnt Modling Enginring analysis of mchanical systms hav bn addrssd by driving diffrntial quations rlating th variabls of through basic physical principls such as quilibrium, consrvation
More informationFinancial Mathematics
Financial Mathatics A ractical Guid for Actuaris and othr Businss rofssionals B Chris Ruckan, FSA & Jo Francis, FSA, CFA ublishd b B rofssional Education Solutions to practic qustions Chaptr 7 Solution
More informationKeywords Cloud Computing, Service level agreement, cloud provider, business level policies, performance objectives.
Volum 3, Issu 6, Jun 2013 ISSN: 2277 128X Intrnational Journal of Advancd Rsarch in Computr Scinc and Softwar Enginring Rsarch Papr Availabl onlin at: wwwijarcsscom Dynamic Ranking and Slction of Cloud
More informationMathematics. Mathematics 3. hsn.uk.net. Higher HSN23000
hsn uknt Highr Mathmatics UNIT Mathmatics HSN000 This documnt was producd spcially for th HSNuknt wbsit, and w rquir that any copis or drivativ works attribut th work to Highr Still Nots For mor dtails
More informationIMES DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES
IMES DISCUSSIN PAPER SERIES Th Choic of Invoic Currncy in Intrnational Trad: Implications for th Intrnationalization of th Yn Hiroyuki I, Akira TANI, and Toyoichirou SHIRTA Discussion Papr No. 003-E-13
More informationSection 7.4: Exponential Growth and Decay
1 Sction 7.4: Exponntial Growth and Dcay Practic HW from Stwart Txtbook (not to hand in) p. 532 # 1-17 odd In th nxt two ction, w xamin how population growth can b modld uing diffrntial quation. W tart
More informationAn Analysis of Synergy Degree of Primary-Tertiary Industry System in Dujiangyan City
www.ccsnt.org/ijbm Intrnational Journal of Businss and Managmnt Vol. 6, No. 8; August An Analysis of Synrgy Dgr of Primary-Trtiary Industry Systm in Dujiangyan City Qizhi Yang School of Tourism, Sichuan
More informationME 612 Metal Forming and Theory of Plasticity. 6. Strain
Mtal Forming and Thory of Plasticity -mail: azsnalp@gyt.du.tr Makin Mühndisliği Bölümü Gbz Yüksk Tknoloji Enstitüsü 6.1. Uniaxial Strain Figur 6.1 Dfinition of th uniaxial strain (a) Tnsil and (b) Comprssiv.
More informationTheoretical approach to algorithm for metrological comparison of two photothermal methods for measuring of the properties of materials
Rvista Invstigación Cintífica, ol. 4, No. 3, Nuva época, sptimbr dicimbr 8, IN 187 8196 Thortical approach to algorithm for mtrological comparison of two photothrmal mthods for masuring of th proprtis
More informationRelationship between Cost of Equity Capital And Voluntary Corporate Disclosures
Rlationship btwn Cost of Equity Capital And Voluntary Corporat Disclosurs Elna Ptrova Eli Lilly & Co, Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: ptrova.lnaa@gmail.com Gorgios Gorgakopoulos (Corrsponding author) Amstrdam
More informationFundamentals: NATURE OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY
Fundamntals: NATURE OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY DEFINITIONS: Quantum Mchanics study of individual intractions within atoms and molculs of particl associatd with occupid quantum stat of a singl particl
More informationWORKERS' COMPENSATION ANALYST, 1774 SENIOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION ANALYST, 1769
08-16-85 WORKERS' COMPENSATION ANALYST, 1774 SENIOR WORKERS' COMPENSATION ANALYST, 1769 Summary of Dutis : Dtrmins City accptanc of workrs' compnsation cass for injurd mploys; authorizs appropriat tratmnt
More informationTheoretical aspects of investment demand for gold
Victor Sazonov (Russia), Dmitry Nikolav (Russia) Thortical aspcts of invstmnt dmand for gold Abstract Th main objctiv of this articl is construction of a thortical modl of invstmnt in gold. Our modl is
More informationA Theoretical Model of Public Response to the Homeland Security Advisory System
A Thortical Modl of Public Rspons to th Homland Scurity Advisory Systm Amy (Wnxuan) Ding Dpartmnt of Information and Dcision Scincs Univrsity of Illinois Chicago, IL 60607 wxding@uicdu Using a diffrntial
More information[ ] These are the motor parameters that are needed: Motor voltage constant. J total (lb-in-sec^2)
MEASURING MOOR PARAMEERS Fil: Motor paramtrs hs ar th motor paramtrs that ar ndd: Motor voltag constant (volts-sc/rad Motor torqu constant (lb-in/amp Motor rsistanc R a (ohms Motor inductanc L a (Hnris
More informationCHAPTER 4c. ROOTS OF EQUATIONS
CHAPTER c. ROOTS OF EQUATIONS A. J. Clark School o Enginring Dpartmnt o Civil and Environmntal Enginring by Dr. Ibrahim A. Aakka Spring 00 ENCE 03 - Computation Mthod in Civil Enginring II Dpartmnt o Civil
More informationHigh Interest Rates In Ghana,
NO. 27 IEA MONOGRAPH High Intrst Rats In Ghana, A Critical Analysis IEA Ghana THE INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS A Public Policy Institut High Intrst Rats In Ghana, A Critical Analysis 1 by DR. J. K. KWAKYE
More informationUser-Perceived Quality of Service in Hybrid Broadcast and Telecommunication Networks
Usr-Prcivd Quality of Srvic in Hybrid Broadcast and Tlcommunication Ntworks Michal Galtzka Fraunhofr Institut for Intgratd Circuits Branch Lab Dsign Automation, Drsdn, Grmany Michal.Galtzka@as.iis.fhg.d
More informationSTATEMENT OF INSOLVENCY PRACTICE 3.2
STATEMENT OF INSOLVENCY PRACTICE 3.2 COMPANY VOLUNTARY ARRANGEMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 A Company Voluntary Arrangmnt (CVA) is a statutory contract twn a company and its crditors undr which an insolvncy practitionr
More informationAbstract. Introduction. Statistical Approach for Analyzing Cell Phone Handoff Behavior. Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009
Volum 3, Issu 1, 29 Statistical Approach for Analyzing Cll Phon Handoff Bhavior Shalini Saxna, Florida Atlantic Univrsity, Boca Raton, FL, shalinisaxna1@gmail.com Sad A. Rajput, Farquhar Collg of Arts
More informationProduction Costing (Chapter 8 of W&W)
Production Costing (Chaptr 8 of W&W).0 Introduction Production costs rfr to th oprational costs associatd with producing lctric nrgy. Th most significant componnt of production costs ar th ful costs ncssary
More informationI. INTRODUCTION. Figure 1, The Input Display II. DESIGN PROCEDURE
Ballast Dsign Softwar Ptr Grn, Snior ighting Systms Enginr, Intrnational Rctifir, ighting Group, 101S Spulvda Boulvard, El Sgundo, CA, 9045-438 as prsntd at PCIM Europ 0 Abstract: W hav dvlopd a Windows
More informationDevelopment of Financial Management Reporting in MPLS
1 Dvlopmnt of Financial Managmnt Rporting in MPLS 1. Aim Our currnt financial rports ar structurd to dlivr an ovrall financial pictur of th dpartmnt in it s ntirty, and thr is no attmpt to provid ithr
More informationCALCULATING MARGINAL PROBABILITIES IN PROC PROBIT Guy Pascale, Memorial Health Alliance
CALCULATING MARGINAL PROBABILITIES IN PROC PROBIT Guy Pascal, Mmorial Halth Allianc Introduction Th PROBIT procdur within th SAS systm provids a simpl mthod for stimating discrt choic variabls (i.. dichotomous
More informationPerformance Evaluation
Prformanc Evaluation ( ) Contnts lists availabl at ScincDirct Prformanc Evaluation journal hompag: www.lsvir.com/locat/pva Modling Bay-lik rputation systms: Analysis, charactrization and insuranc mchanism
More informationOn the moments of the aggregate discounted claims with dependence introduced by a FGM copula
On th momnts of th aggrgat discountd claims with dpndnc introducd by a FGM copula - Mathiu BARGES Univrsité Lyon, Laboratoir SAF, Univrsité Laval - Hélèn COSSETTE Ecol Actuariat, Univrsité Laval, Québc,
More informationthe so-called KOBOS system. 1 with the exception of a very small group of the most active stocks which also trade continuously through
Liquidity and Information-Basd Trading on th Ordr Drivn Capital Markt: Th Cas of th Pragu tock Exchang Libor 1ÀPH³HN Cntr for Economic Rsarch and Graduat Education, Charls Univrsity and Th Economic Institut
More informationVector Network Analyzer
Cours on Microwav Masurmnts Vctor Ntwork Analyzr Prof. Luca Prrgrini Dpt. of Elctrical, Computr and Biomdical Enginring Univrsity of Pavia -mail: luca.prrgrini@unipv.it wb: microwav.unipv.it Microwav Masurmnts
More informationFactorials! Stirling s formula
Author s not: This articl may us idas you havn t larnd yt, and might sm ovrly complicatd. It is not. Undrstanding Stirling s formula is not for th faint of hart, and rquirs concntrating on a sustaind mathmatical
More informationNAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA MBA PROFESSIONAL REPORT Th Survivor Bnfit Plan: A Cost-Bnfit Analysis By: Advisors: Scott E. Batty, and Tho Kang Dcmbr 2007 William R. Gats, Raymond E. Franck
More informationFree ACA SOLUTION (IRS 1094&1095 Reporting)
Fr ACA SOLUTION (IRS 1094&1095 Rporting) Th Insuranc Exchang (301) 279-1062 ACA Srvics Transmit IRS Form 1094 -C for mployrs Print & mail IRS Form 1095-C to mploys HR Assist 360 will gnrat th 1095 s for
More informationUpper Bounding the Price of Anarchy in Atomic Splittable Selfish Routing
Uppr Bounding th Pric of Anarchy in Atomic Splittabl Slfish Routing Kamyar Khodamoradi 1, Mhrdad Mahdavi, and Mohammad Ghodsi 3 1 Sharif Univrsity of Tchnology, Thran, Iran, khodamoradi@c.sharif.du Sharif
More informationGlobal Sourcing: lessons from lean companies to improve supply chain performances
3 rd Intrnational Confrnc on Industrial Enginring and Industrial Managmnt XIII Congrso d Ingniría d Organización Barclona-Trrassa, Sptmbr 2nd-4th 2009 Global Sourcing: lssons from lan companis to improv
More informationThe international Internet site of the geoviticulture MCC system Le site Internet international du système CCM géoviticole
Th intrnational Intrnt sit of th goviticultur MCC systm L sit Intrnt intrnational du systèm CCM géoviticol Flávio BELLO FIALHO 1 and Jorg TONIETTO 1 1 Rsarchr, Embrapa Uva Vinho, Caixa Postal 130, 95700-000
More informationExpert-Mediated Search
Exprt-Mdiatd Sarch Mnal Chhabra Rnsslar Polytchnic Inst. Dpt. of Computr Scinc Troy, NY, USA chhabm@cs.rpi.du Sanmay Das Rnsslar Polytchnic Inst. Dpt. of Computr Scinc Troy, NY, USA sanmay@cs.rpi.du David
More informationDehumidifiers: A Major Consumer of Residential Electricity
Dhumidifirs: A Major Consumr of Rsidntial Elctricity Laurn Mattison and Dav Korn, Th Cadmus Group, Inc. ABSTRACT An stimatd 19% of U.S. homs hav dhumidifirs, and thy can account for a substantial portion
More informationAn Adaptive Clustering MAP Algorithm to Filter Speckle in Multilook SAR Images
An Adaptiv Clustring MAP Algorithm to Filtr Spckl in Multilook SAR Imags FÁTIMA N. S. MEDEIROS 1,3 NELSON D. A. MASCARENHAS LUCIANO DA F. COSTA 1 1 Cybrntic Vision Group IFSC -Univrsity of São Paulo Caia
More informationLecture notes: 160B revised 9/28/06 Lecture 1: Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market FT chapter 13
Lctur nots: 160B rvisd 9/28/06 Lctur 1: xchang Rats and th Forign xchang Markt FT chaptr 13 Topics: xchang Rats Forign xchang markt Asst approach to xchang rats Intrst Rat Parity Conditions 1) Dfinitions
More informationSelf-fulfilling Currency Attacks with Biased Signals
Slf-fulfilling Currncy Attacks with Biasd Signals Bruno Chli Dipartimnto di Statistica Matmatica Applicata all'economia Pompo Dlla Posta Dipartimnto di Scinz Economich Univrsità di Pisa (Italy) Octobr
More informationInternational Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)
Intrnational Association of Scintific Innovation and Rsarch (IASIR) (An Association Unifing th Scincs, Enginring, and Applid Rsarch) ISSN (Print): 79-000 ISSN (Onlin): 79-009 Intrnational Journal of Enginring,
More information(Analytic Formula for the European Normal Black Scholes Formula)
(Analytic Formula for th Europan Normal Black Schols Formula) by Kazuhiro Iwasawa Dcmbr 2, 2001 In this short summary papr, a brif summary of Black Schols typ formula for Normal modl will b givn. Usually
More informationConstraint-Based Analysis of Gene Deletion in a Metabolic Network
Constraint-Basd Analysis of Gn Dltion in a Mtabolic Ntwork Abdlhalim Larhlimi and Alxandr Bockmayr DFG-Rsarch Cntr Mathon, FB Mathmatik und Informatik, Fri Univrsität Brlin, Arnimall, 3, 14195 Brlin, Grmany
More informationSci.Int.(Lahore),26(1),131-138,2014 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 131
Sci.Int.(Lahor),26(1),131-138,214 ISSN 113-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 131 REQUIREMENT CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN AGILE OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT (RCMAOD) 1 Suhail Kazi, 2 Muhammad Salman Bashir, 3 Muhammad Munwar Iqbal,
More informationIrrigating With High Salinity Water 1
BUL322 Irrigating With High Watr 1 Dorota Z. Haman 2 In humid aras such as Florida, salinity concrns ar diffrnt than in arid aras sinc larg amounts of rainfall will wash out salts concntrating in th soil
More informationEssays on Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard in Insurance Market
Gorgia Stat Univrsity ScholarWorks @ Gorgia Stat Univrsity Risk Managmnt and Insuranc Dissrtations Dpartmnt of Risk Managmnt and Insuranc 8--00 Essays on Advrs Slction and Moral Hazard in Insuranc Markt
More informationArchitecture of the proposed standard
Architctur of th proposd standard Introduction Th goal of th nw standardisation projct is th dvlopmnt of a standard dscribing building srvics (.g.hvac) product catalogus basd on th xprincs mad with th
More informationunion scholars program APPLICATION DEADLINE: FEBRUARY 28 YOU CAN CHANGE THE WORLD... AND EARN MONEY FOR COLLEGE AT THE SAME TIME!
union scholars YOU CAN CHANGE THE WORLD... program AND EARN MONEY FOR COLLEGE AT THE SAME TIME! AFSCME Unitd Ngro Collg Fund Harvard Univrsity Labor and Worklif Program APPLICATION DEADLINE: FEBRUARY 28
More informationVibrational Spectroscopy
Vibrational Spctroscopy armonic scillator Potntial Enrgy Slction Ruls V( ) = k = R R whr R quilibrium bond lngth Th dipol momnt of a molcul can b pandd as a function of = R R. µ ( ) =µ ( ) + + + + 6 3
More informationSPREAD OPTION VALUATION AND THE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM
RESEARCH PAPERS IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES SPREAD OPTION VALUATION AND THE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM M.A.H. Dmpstr & S.S.G. Hong WP 26/2000 Th Judg Institut of Managmnt Trumpington Strt Cambridg CB2 1AG Ths paprs
More informationFleet vehicles opportunities for carbon management
Flt vhicls opportunitis for carbon managmnt Authors: Kith Robrtson 1 Dr. Kristian Stl 2 Dr. Christoph Hamlmann 3 Alksandra Krukar 4 Tdla Mzmir 5 1 Snior Sustainability Consultant & Lad Analyst, Arup 2
More informationProceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Simulation, Modelling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-24, 2006 246
Procdings of th 6th WSEAS Intrnational Confrnc on Simulation, Modlling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, Sptmbr 22-24, 2006 246 Larg dformation modling in soil-tillag tool intraction using advancd 3D
More informationLG has introduced the NeON 2, with newly developed Cello Technology which improves performance and reliability. Up to 320W 300W
Cllo Tchnology LG has introducd th NON 2, with nwly dvlopd Cllo Tchnology which improvs prformanc and rliability. Up to 320W 300W Cllo Tchnology Cll Connction Elctrically Low Loss Low Strss Optical Absorption
More informationE X C H A N G E R U L E S A N D C L E A R I N G R U L E S O F N A S D A Q O M X D E R I V A T I V E S M A R K E T S
E X C H A N G E R U L E S A N D C L E A R I N G R U L E S O F N A S D A Q O M X D E R I V A T I V E S M A R K E T S Fair Valu 1 Valuation Variabls Tabl 1 blow shows th variabls us in th rspctiv valuation
More informationFACILITY MANAGEMENT SCHEMES FOR SCHOOLS IN THE UK:A STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN SUPPORT SERVICES COSTS AND CAPITAL EFFICIENCY RATIOS
FACILITY MANAGEMENT SCHEMES FOR SCHOOLS IN THE UK:A STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN SUPPORT SERVICES COSTS AND CAPITAL EFFICIENCY RATIOS By Rui PdroPrira Magalhas 1 Sptmbr 2013 A Dissrtation submittd in part fulfilmnt
More informationDeveloping Software Bug Prediction Models Using Various Software Metrics as the Bug Indicators
Dvloping Softwar Bug Prdiction Modls Using Various Softwar Mtrics as th Bug Indicators Varuna Gupta Rsarch Scholar, Christ Univrsity, Bangalor Dr. N. Ganshan Dirctor, RICM, Bangalor Dr. Tarun K. Singhal
More informationNatural Gas & Electricity Prices
Click to dit Mastr titl styl Click to dit Mastr txt styls Scond lvl Third lvl Natural Gas & Elctricity Prics Fourth lvl» Fifth lvl Glnn S. Pool Manufacturing Support Mgr. Enrgy April 4, 2013 Click Vrso
More informationProjections - 3D Viewing. Overview Lecture 4. Projection - 3D viewing. Projections. Projections Parallel Perspective
Ovrviw Lctur 4 Projctions - 3D Viwing Projctions Paralll Prspctiv 3D Viw Volum 3D Viwing Transformation Camra Modl - Assignmnt 2 OFF fils 3D mor compl than 2D On mor dimnsion Displa dvic still 2D Analog
More informationKey Management System Framework for Cloud Storage Singa Suparman, Eng Pin Kwang Temasek Polytechnic {singas,engpk}@tp.edu.sg
Ky Managmnt Systm Framwork for Cloud Storag Singa Suparman, Eng Pin Kwang Tmask Polytchnic {singas,ngpk}@tp.du.sg Abstract In cloud storag, data ar oftn movd from on cloud storag srvic to anothr. Mor frquntly
More informationAdsorption of Malachite Green Dye onto Activated Carbon Derived from Durian Peel
Adsorption of Malachit Grn Dy onto Activatd Carbon Drivd from Durian Pl SARAWUT SRIKHUN, SAMORN HIRUNPRADITKUN, KAMCHAI NUITHITIKUL* Dpartmnt of Chmical Enginring King Mongkut s Univrsity of Tchnology
More informationRemember you can apply online. It s quick and easy. Go to www.gov.uk/advancedlearningloans. Title. Forename(s) Surname. Sex. Male Date of birth D
24+ Advancd Larning Loan Application form Rmmbr you can apply onlin. It s quick and asy. Go to www.gov.uk/advancdlarningloans About this form Complt this form if: you r studying an ligibl cours at an approvd
More informationUse a high-level conceptual data model (ER Model). Identify objects of interest (entities) and relationships between these objects
Chaptr 3: Entity Rlationship Modl Databas Dsign Procss Us a high-lvl concptual data modl (ER Modl). Idntify objcts of intrst (ntitis) and rlationships btwn ths objcts Idntify constraints (conditions) End
More informationEffect of Graphite Nodularity on Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron for Waterworks Fittings and Accessories
Intrnational Journal of Civil & Environmntal Enginring IJCEE-IJENS Vol: 1 No: 3 1 Effct of Graphit Nodularity on Mchanical Proprtis of Ductil Iron for Watrworks Fittings and Accssoris A. I. Al-Ghonamy
More informationWage Inflation and the Distribution of Output Gaps in Europe: Insiders vs. Outsiders
Economtric Rsarch and Spcial Studis Dpartmnt Wag Inflation and th Distribution of Output Gaps in Europ: Insidrs vs. Outsidrs M. Dmrtzis and A. Hughs Halltt Rsarch Mmorandum WO&E no. 631 Sptmbr 2000 D Ndrlandsch
More informationThe price of liquidity in constant leverage strategies. Marcos Escobar, Andreas Kiechle, Luis Seco and Rudi Zagst
RACSAM Rv. R. Acad. Cin. Sri A. Mat. VO. 103 2, 2009, pp. 373 385 Matmática Aplicada / Applid Mathmatics Th pric of liquidity in constant lvrag stratgis Marcos Escobar, Andras Kichl, uis Sco and Rudi Zagst
More informationEconomic Analysis of Floating Exchange Rate Systems
Economic Analysis of Floating Rat Systms Th businss sction of any nwspapr will hav a tabl of spot s. Ths ar th s at which a prson could hav bought othr currncis or forign, such as th English Pound, Frnch
More informationVan der Waals Forces Between Atoms
Van dr Waals Forcs twn tos Michal Fowlr /8/7 Introduction Th prfct gas quation of stat PV = NkT is anifstly incapabl of dscribing actual gass at low tpraturs, sinc thy undrgo a discontinuous chang of volu
More informationGovernment Spending or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Texas
Govrnmnt Spnding or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Txas Ian Shphrd Abiln Christian Univrsity D Ann Shphrd Abiln Christian Univrsity On Fbruary 17, 2009, Prsidnt Barack Obama signd into law th
More information