QUESTIONS FOR COLLOQUIM IN PNEUMOPHTHISIOLOGY for students of the IV year of Faculty of Medicine no.2 Academic year
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1 Approved: Dean of Faculty of Medicine no.2 SUMPh Nicolae Testemitanu Associate professor, PhD Betiu Mircea 2014 QUESTIONS FOR COLLOQUIM IN PNEUMOPHTHISIOLOGY for students of the IV year of Faculty of Medicine no.2 Academic year Brief history of phthisiology. Tuberculosis an infectious and social disease. 2. Etiology of tuberculosis. Genus Mycobacterium. Classification. Biochemical structure. Microscopic morphology. Development on the culture media. Natural resistance to the physical and chemical agents. 3. Transmission of TB infection. Sources of infection. Pathways of infection penetration in the body and mechanisms of contamination. 4. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Stages of TB pathogenesis. Morphopathology of tuberculosis. 5. Host body's reaction to a tuberculosis infection. Experimental Tuberculosis. Koch phenomenon. Mechanism of the immune response. Tuberculin reaction. Protective immunity. The relationship hypersensitivity - immunity. 6. Evolution of TB infection. Role of the environmental factors. Cycle of the TB infection in humans. Infection and disease. 7. Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Endemia of tuberculosis and evaluation of its epidemiometric indicators. Current situation and characteristics of TB endemia worldwide and in Moldova. Epidemiological chain. Natural history of tuberculosis in the population. 8. Detection of TB. Passive way - examination of a sugestive person. 9. Detection of TB. Active method: examination of the risc groups, examination of the dangerous groups. Epidemiological investigation spun. 10.Risk factors for tuberculosis infection. High-risk groups for tuberculosis. 11.Diagnosis of tuberculosis. Medical history. Clinical evaluation of the suspect patient. Implementation and critical evaluation of complementary examinations. Algorithm of TB diagnosis. 12.Tuberculin skin test. Tuberculin. Types of tuberculin. Purposes of tuberculin test using. Advantages and disadvantages of tuberculin test.
2 13.Technique of IDR Mantoux test with 2 UT. Evolution of Mantoux test. Body's reaction to tuberculin. Interpretation of the tuberculinic reactions. Convertion tuberculinic test. Booster effect. 14.Microbiological examination. The importance of microbiological investigations in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. 15.General principles and methods of harvesting, transportation and keeping of the pathological products. Microscopical examination. 16.Bacteriological examination (examination by culture). Growing of mycobacteria on the liquid media (BACTEC, MB / BacT). Susceptibility testing methods of M. tuberculosis. 17.Molecular genetic methods of diagnosis and identification of species of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (polymerase chain reaction, GenoType MTBDRplus, XpertMTB/RIF, BD ProbeTec, fingerpriting, spoligotyping). Results interpretation. 18.Respiratory functional explorations. Respiratory pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis. Spirometry. Pletizmografy. Gasometry. Perfusion scintigraphy. Results interpretation of functional examinations. 19.Imaging elements of tuberculosis diagnostic. Value and place of radiological examination in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Techniques and methods. Possibilities and limits. 20.Radiological semiology of respiratory tuberculosis. (Basic radiological changes in pulmonary TB). Interpretation of pathological opacity in pulmonary tuberculosis. 21.Clinical classification of tuberculosis. Basic principles of classification. Compartments. Clinical forms of pulmonary TB. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Characteristic of tuberculosis process. Phases of tuberculosis. Complications of tuberculosis. Posttuberculoase sequelae. Elements of diagnosis formulation based on the classification. 22.Primary tuberculosis. General peculiarities of primary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. Primary latent tuberculosis infection. 23.Primary Tuberculosis complex. Morphopathology of primary TB complex. Positive and differential diagnostic. Treatment and prognosis. 24.Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes. Pathogenesis. Morphopathology. Clinical forms. Symptoms and evolution. Complications. 25.Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes. Positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment. Tuberculosis sequelae of primary infection. Epidemiological significance of posttuberculoase sequelae. 26.Complications of primary tuberculosis. 27.Tuberculous meningitis. Pathogenesis. Symptoms and evolution. Positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment and prognosis. 28.Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in tuberculous meningitis.
3 29.Tuberculous pleurisy. Pathogenesis. Classification. Clinical and radiological symptoms. Indications and methods of thoracentesis. Pleural fluid examination. Differential diagnosis. Evolution and treatment. Tuberculosis empyema. 30.Disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. Clinical forms. Pathological anatomy. Miliary tuberculosis. Subacute and chronic disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. Symptoms and evolution. Radiological signs. Positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment. 31.Differential diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. 32.Milliary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. Clinical forms. Symptoms and evolution. Positive and differential diagnosis. Complications. 33.Nodular pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. Symptoms, evolution and prognosis. Positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment. 34.Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. A clinical and radiographic type of tuberculosis infiltrates. Particularities of evolution. Symptoms and prognosis. Positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment. Caseous pneumonia. 35.Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, limited forms. Particularities of evolution. 36.Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, extended forms. Particularities of evolution. 37.Differential diagnosis of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis. 38.Fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. Pathogenesis. Contributing factors. Clinical and radiological characteristics. Evolution and prognosis. Complications. Differential diagnosis. 39.Pulmonary hemorrhage. Pathogenesis. Classification. Symptoms. Positive and differential diagnosis. Therapeutical treatment. Indications for surgical intervention. 40.Spontaneous pneumothorax. Pathogenesis. Clinical and radiological picture. Evolution. Positive and differential diagnostic. Complications. Therapeutical treatment. Surgical treatment. 41.Antituberculosis drugs. Classification of anti tuberculosis drugs. The pharmacological activity of first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. 42.The side-effects of antituberculosis drugs, classification. The mode of action. Interaction with other drugs. New antituberculosis drugs. 43.Aims of treatment. General principles of treatment. Regimens. 44.DOTS classic TB treatment: basic principles, schemes. Categories of patients in strategy DOTS. 45.Definitions of drug resistance in tuberculosis. 46.Treatment of drug-resistant TB. Treatment of multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR TB): standardized and individually regimen. 47.Treatment of Patients with Mono- and Poly-Drug Resistant TB. 48.Management of XDR TB and TDR TB. 49.Monitoring tuberculosis treatment. 50.Evaluation of results of TB treatment.
4 51.Strategies DOTS and DOTS Plus in treatment of tuberculosis. 52.Communication, information and education of a patient with TB. The importance of health education in tuberculosis control. The importance of the patient's adherence to the treatment. 53.Pulmonary tuberculosis and alcoholism. Social and epidemiological aspects. Pathogenesis. Classification. Clinical and morphological particularities. Methods of diagnosis. Differential diagnosis. Principles of treatment. Evolution and prognosis. 54.Tuberculosis and HIV infection. Epidemiology. Correlation between AIDS and tuberculosis. Clinical and radiological particularities of tuberculosis in patients with HIV / AIDS. Detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis in patient with HIV / AIDS. Detection and diagnosis of HIV / AIDS patient with tuberculosis. Particularities of anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with AIDS and tuberculosis. 55.Tuberculosis and pregnancy. Tuberculosis and heredity. Characteristics of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Evolution, treatment and prognosis. Medical indications for interrupting of pregnancy. Obstetric care. Prevention of tuberculosis in newborn. 56.Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Pathogenesis. Correlation tuberculosis and diabetes. Symptoms, evolution and prognosis. Particularities of treatment and prophylaxis. 57.Pulmonary tuberculosis and ulcer disease. Pathogenesis. Clinical and treatment particularities. Evolution and prognosis. Supervision and dispensarization of patients. 58.Pecualiarities of tuberculosis in adolescents. 59.BCG Vaccination and revaccination. Immunogenesis and vaccine protection. Definition of BCG vaccine. Indications and contraindications to vaccination and revaccination. 60.BCG vaccination and revaccination technique. Evolution of post-vaccination reactions. 61.Post-BCG complications and their classification. Causes of development and their prevention methods. Experimental, new vaccines. 62.Drug prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Primary prevention (chemoprophylaxis). Secondary prophylaxis (preventive chemotherapy). Indications. Methodology. 63.Tuberculous focus. Criteria of TB foci formation. Classification of TB foci. 64.Activities in focus of tuberculosis. Recovery of tuberculous focus. Epidemiological investigation. Collaboration phthisiopneumology service and public health. 65.Control of tuberculosis infection. Managerial activities. Administrative control. Environmental control measures. Personal respiratory protection. 66.National Programme of Tuberculosis Control. Purpose and objectives.
5 67.Organizational structure and responsibilities of TB control services. Central level. Regional / city level. Primary level. Joint activities between the centers of public health, primary care medicine and phthisiopneumology service in TB control. 68.TB control in primary health care level. 69.The principles of differentiation in the post-vaccination and infectious allergy. 70.The organization of the strictly supervised treatment in ambulatory care settings. Head of Department of Pneumophthisiology Professor, PhD Head of Studies Lecturer Constantin Iavorschi Valentina Vilc 25 August 2014
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