REVISION: MODAL VERBS (some exercises from Essential Grammar in Use and Grammar in Use. CUP)
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1 REVISION: MODAL VERBS (some exercises from Essential Grammar in Use and Grammar in Use. CUP) Habilidad aprendida/ Capacidad Learned ability/ Capacity Present CAN BE ABLE TO be able to = other tenses. ser capaz de Past COULD (general ability) WAS ABLE TO MANAGED TO (particular ability) * Verbos de percepción y pensamiento pueden llevar could COULDN T Exercise 1: Learned ability and capacity. 1. My father was a very clever man. He speak five languages. 2. I looked everywhere for the book but I find it. 3. They didn t want to come with us at first but we persuade them. 4. Laura had hurt his leg and walk very slowly. 5. Sue wasn t at home when I phoned but I contact her at her office. 6. I looked very carefully and I see a figure in the distance. 7. I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn t have any but I get some in the next shop. 8. My grandmother loved music. She play the piano very well. 9. A girl fell into the river but fortunately we rescue her. 10. I had forgotten to bring my camera, so I take any photographs. *Verbos de percepción y pensamiento pueden llevar could : see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand.(son los más habituales) Permiso indirecto Can Be allowed to = estar permitido (normativo What is the rule? y otros tiempos verbales) Could (general) Was/were allowed to (particular) Couldn t Exercise 2: Complete the sentences using could or was/were allowed to. Sometimes either form is possible. Example: I was allowed to see him for a few moments yesterday. 1. Andrew leave school early yesterday because he wasn t feeling well. 2. Until the 19 th century, people travel freely between most countries without a passport. 3. Sue s children watch the film on TV last night. 4. Her son has to wear a uniform in his new school, but in his old school he wear whatever he liked. Exercise 3: Permiso directo:may I/ can I?.? (para pedir permiso)or Am I allowed to...? (What is the rule?) 1. May I use your computer? 5. go in this park? 2. Am I allowed to smoke in the cinema? 6. take money out of England? 3. cross the road here? 7. I read your paper? 4. ask you a question? 1
2 Present Past OBLIGATION Must (personal) have to (externo) need to had to Exercise 4: In some of these sentences, must is wrong or unnatural. Correct the sentences where necessary. 1 It s later than I thought. I must go. OK (have to is also correct) 2 I must work every day from 8.30 to I have to work 3. You must come and see us again soon. 4. Tom can t meet us tomorrow. He must work. 5. I must work late yesterday evening. 6. I must get up early tomorrow, I have lots to do. 7 Julia wears glasses. She must wear glasses since she was very young. Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with have to/ has to / had to. 1. Bill stars work at 5 a. m. He has to get up at four. (He / get up) 2. I broke my arm last week Did you have to go to hospital? (you / go) 3. There was a lot of noise from the street. the windows. (We close) 4. Karen can t stay for the whole meeting. early. (she/ leave) 5. How old to drive in your country? (you/be) 6. I don t have much time. (I / hurry) 7. How is Paul enjoying his new job? a lot? (He / travel) 8. I m afraid I can t stay long What time (you go)? 9. The bus was late again. How long (you wait)? 10. There was nobody to help me. I everything myself. (I / do) PROHIBITION mustn t wasn t/weren t allowed to ABSENCE OF needn t OBLIGATION don t need to didn t have to didn t need to * needn t have + participio don t have to Exercise 6: Complete the sentences with mustn t or don t/doesn t have to. 1. I don t want anyone to know about the plan. You mustn t tell anyone. 2. Richard doesn t have to wear a suit to work, but he usually does. 3. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I go to work. 4. Whatever you do, you touch that switch. It s dangerous. 5. There is a lift in the building, so we climb the stairs. 6. You what I told you. It s very important. 7. Sue get up early, but she usually does. 8. Don t make so much noise. We wake the children. 9. I eat too much. I m supposed to be on a diet. 10. You be a good player to enjoy a game of tennis. Exercise 7: Complete the sentences using Have to + the verbs in the list. Some sentences are positive (I have to etc) and some are negative (I don t have to etc): ask do drive get up go make make pay show 1. I m not working tomorrow, so I don t have to get up early. 2. Steve didn t know how to use the computer, so I had to show him. 3. Excuse me a moment I a phone call. It won t be long. 4. I m not so busy. I have a few things to do, but I them now. 5. I couldn t find the street I wanted. I somebody for directions. 6. The car park is free. You park you car there. 7. A man was injured in the accident, but he to hospital because it wasn t serious. 8. Sue has a senior position in the company. She important decisions. 9. When Patrick starts his new job next month, he 50 miles to work every day. 2
3 Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with must, mustn t or needn t. 1. We haven t got much time. We must hurry. 2. We ve got plenty of time. We needn t hurry. 3. We have enough food at home, so we go shopping today. 4. Gary gave me a letter to post. I remember to post it. 5. Gary gave me a letter to post. I forget to post it. 6. There s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You decide now. 7. You wash those tomatoes. They ve already been washed. 8. This is a valuable book. You look after it carefully and you lose it. 9. A: What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? B: Well, it be big that s not so important. But it have a nice garden that s essential! Exercise 9: Read the situations and make sentences with needn t have. 1. Paul went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn t rain. He needn t have taken an umbrella 2. Linda bought some eggs when she was sopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs. She_. 3. A colleague got angry with you at work. He shouted at you, which you think was unnecessary. Later you say to him: You. 4. Brian had money problems, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery. He. 5. We took a camcorder with us on holiday, but we didn t use it in the end. We. 6. I thought I was going to miss my train, so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait twenty minutes.. ADVICE/ DUTY Should /ought to(general and particular situations) * had better + infinitive(we only use it for particular situations, not general, and there is a danger or problem if you do not follow the advice.) should have + participio ought to have + participio Exercise 10: Read the situations and write sentences with should /shouldn t. Some of the sentences are past and some are present. 1. I m feeling sick. I ate too much. I shouldn t have eaten so much. 2. That man on the motorbike never wears a helmet. That s dangerous. He should wear a helmet when he rides his motorbike. 3. When we got to the restaurant, there were no free tables. We hadn t resrved one. We. 3. The notice says that the shop is open every day from It is 9 o clock now, but the shop isn t open yet.. 4. Laura gave me her address, but I didn t write it down. Now I can t remember it.. 5. The speed limit is 30 miles an hour, but Kate is doing 50. She. 3
4 Exercise 11: Put in had better where suitable. If had better is not suitable, use should. 1. I have an appointment in ten minutes. I d better go now or I ll be late. 2. It s a great film. You should go and see it. You ll relly like it. 3. I get up early tomorrow. I ve got a lot to do. 4. When people are driving, they keep their eyes on the road. 5. I m glad you came tosee us. You come more often. 6. She ll be upset if we don t invite her to the wedding, so we invite her. 7. These biscuits are delicious. You try one. 8. I think everybody learn a foreign language. DEDUCCIÓN DEDUCTION Must Can t Must have + participio Can t have + participio Exercise 12: Put in must or can t. 1. You ve been traveling all day. You must be tired. 2. That restaurant be very good. It is always full of people. 3. That restaurant be very good. It s always empty. 4. I am sure I gaver you the keys. You have it: Have you looked in your bag? 5. You re going on holiday next week. You be looking forward to it. 6. It rained every day during their holiday, so they have had a very nice time. 7. Congratulations on passing your exam. You be very pleased. 8. You got here very quickly. You have walked very fast. 9. Bill and Sue always travel business class, so they be short of money. Ejercicio 13: Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can t have 1. The phone rang, but I didn t hear it (I / asleep) I must have been asleep 2. Sue hasn t contacted me (She/ get/ my message) She can t have got my message. 3. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it/ very expensive) 4. I haven t seen the people next door for ages. (they / go away) 5. I can t find my umbrella. (I/ leave/ it in the restaurant lat night) 6. Dave, who is usually very friendly, walked past me without speaking. (he/see/ me) 7. There was a man standing outside the shop. (he/ wait/ for somebody) 8. When I got back to my car, the door was unlocked. (I / forget/ to lock it) 9. I was woken up in the night by the noise next door (the neighbours/ have a party) 4
5 POSSIBILITY Posibilidad May Might May not Might not (es posible que algo no sea verdad) May have + participio Might have + participio Exercise 14: Write these sentences in a different way using may or might (present or past). 1. Perhaps Margaret is in her office 2. Perhaps Margaret is busy. 3. Perhaps she was ill yesterday. 4. Perhaps she went home early. 5. Perhaps she doesn t want to see me 6. Perhaps he didn t go shopping. Posibilidad(damos una opinión)+ sugerencia + para preguntar por posibilidad Could Couldn t (no es possible que algo sea verdad) *Could have + participio * expreasr que algo pudo ocurrir, pero no ocurrió Exercise 15: Complete the sentences. Use could or could have + a suitable verb. 1) A: What shall we do tonight? B: I don t mind. We to the cinema. 2) A: I had a very boring evening at home yesterday. B:Why did you stay at home? You to the cinema. 3) A: There s an interesting job advertised in the newspaper: You for it. B: What sort of job is it? Show me the advertisement. 4) A.:Did you go to the concert last night? B: No. We but we decided not to. 5) A: Where shall we meet tomorrow? B: Well, I to your house if you like. 6) The phone is ringing. Who do you think is it? It Tim 7) I am really hungry. I a horse! Exercise 16: Complete the sentences with might not or couldn t. 1. A: Do you think she saw you? B: No, she was too far away. She (see) me 2. A: I wonder why she didn t say hello. Perhaps she didn t see you. B: That s possible. She (see) you. 3. A: I wonder why Anna didn t come to the party. Perhaps she wasn t invited. B: Yes, it s possible. She (invite) 4. A. How did the fire start? I suppose it was an accident B:Well, the police aren t sure. They say it (be) an accident 5. A: Tom loves parties. I m sure he would have come to the party if he d been invited. B: I agree. He 5
6 Peticiones directas Permiso directo May? Might? Can? Could? Will? Would? Do you think you could? Do you mind if I? Is it all right/ Is it Ok if I? Puedo usar el diccionario? Podría abrir la ventana? Podría él venir a la fiesta me harías un favor? Podrías esperar un momento? Puedes pasarme las sal? Puedo ayudarle? Le gustaría una taza de té? Se responde con can/may Yes, you can /may No, you can t/ may not. Permiso directo Can I...? Could I...? May I..? Might I? Couldn t I? Can t Can I go to the cinema? Could I stay longer? May I leave the room? Couldn t I stay longer? Can t I stay? Se responde con can/may Yes, you can /may No, you can t/ may not. Ofrecer e invitar Would you like? Yes, please No, thank you Ejercicio 17: What would you say in these situations? 1. Paul has come to see you in your flat. Tou offer him something to drink. YOU: Would you like something to eat? PAUL: No, thank you. I ve just eaten. 2. You need help to change the film in your camera. You ask Kate. YOU: I don t know how to change the film.? KATE: Sure. It s easy. All you have to do is this. 3. You are on a bus. You have a seat, but an elderly man is standing. You offer him your seat. YOU:? MAN: Oh, that s very kind of you. Thank you very much. 4. You are a passenger in a car. Your friend is driving very fast. You ask her to slow down. YOU: You are making me very nervous.? DRIVER: Oh, I m sorry. I didn t realize I was going so fast. 5. You ve finished your meal in a restaurant and now you want the bill. You ask the waiter: YOU:? WAITER: Right. I ll get it for you. 6. A friend of yours is interested in one of your books. You invite him to borrow it. FRIEND: This looks very interesting. YOU: Yes, it s a good book.? 6
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