Invasive Plants Identification and Control. Christopher Evans River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area

Transcription

1 Invasive Plants Identification and Control Christopher Evans River to River Cooperative Weed Management Area

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5 Invasive Species Impact our native species Increase the work necessary to manage natural areas Decrease ecological integrity of our lands Reduce property values Reduce productivity of lands Impact future potential for property

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7 Invasive Species Autumn Olive Japanese Honeysuckle Japanese Stiltgrass Oriental Bittersweet Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard

8 Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbellata One of the most common invasive plants in region Formerly planted for wildlife habitat & erosion control

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11 Autumn Olive

12 Autumn Olive

13 Autumn Olive - Notes Bird Dispersed Very abundant (reinfests sites easily) Alters fuels needed for prescribed fire (leaves do not burn that well)

14 Japanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Very widespread Often used in wildlife plantings

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17 Japanese Honeysuckle

18 Japanese Honeysuckle - Notes Extremely wide habitat tolerances Deep shade to full sun Very dry to wet conditions Wildlife use it heavily Very widespread Guaranteed it is already there

19 Japanese Stiltgrass Microstegium Moist woodlands, edges, and roadsides Spreading at alarming rate vimineum

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22 Japanese Stiltgrass

23 Japanese Stiltgrass

24 Japanese Stiltgrass

25 Japanese Stiltgrass - Notes Annual grass Seeds travel effectively on equipment Sanitation a must Very difficult to eradicate once well established Early detection crucial Seeds travel effectively via waterways Corridor to watch

26 Oriental Bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus

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29 Oriental Bittersweet

30 Oriental Bittersweet

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32 Oriental Bittersweet

33 Oriental Bittersweet

34 Oriental Bittersweet - Notes Bird dispersed seeds Readily moves in after disturbance If stems are cut or damaged, it stimulates plants to root sucker heavily Native bittersweet does also occur Less rounded leaves Doesn t usually exhibit aggressive behavior

35 Bush Honeysuckle Lonicera spp. Widespread Multiple species Can invade mature forest Long lasting impacts Understory Tree growth and establishment

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37 Bush Honeysuckle

38 Bush Honeysuckle

39 Bush Honeysuckle - Notes Bird dispersed seeds Does not require disturbance to establish Invades high quality woodlands Devastating effects on native understory Reduced tree growth Reduced seedling establishment

40 Garlic Mustard Alliaria petiolata Biennial forb One of the most widespread invasive species in Midwest

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44 Garlic Mustard

45 Garlic Mustard

46 Garlic Mustard

47 Garlic Mustard - Notes Seed bank 5 years Seeds can easily be transported via shoes and equipment Early detection and control crucial to success

48 Management Prevention and control of invasives Incorporate invasive plant control into other conservation practices

49 Invasive Plant Control Expect to need 3-5 years to eradicate an infestation Expect reinfestation Common species If nearby infestation Equipment sanitation/cleaning a must to prevent moving seeds around and aided spread of these plants Learn how to recognize new species and act quickly to control them

50 Control Techniques Cut stump Basal bark Foliar treatments Spot spray Broadcast

51 Cut Stump Treatment Used on any woody invasive plant, regardless of size Cutting down the woody plant and treating cut surface with a concentrated, systemic herbicide to prevent sprouting

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55 Cut Stump Treatments 50% solution of glyphosate 17-25% solution of triclopyr (Garlon) Treatment very soon after cutting surface (ideally within 10 minutes) Treat entire surface of small stems (less than 2 diameter) or outer 1 of larger stems Treatment is most effective in mid to late fall

56 Basal Bark Treatments Used on smaller stem woody plants Quick and easy but does use more herbicide than Cut Stump Leaves plants standing no slash problem

57 Basal Bark Treatments Apply herbicide directly to the stem of the woody plant Make sure to cover all sides Ground 12 high Oil-based herbicide to aid in penetration through bark Triclopyr (17-25%) in oil with a dye

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59 Foliar Treatments Useful for woody and herbaceous invasive plants Plants typical need to be photosynthetically active Use lower rates of herbicides Potential for non-target impacts

60 Foliar Treatments A variety of herbicides can be used, depending upon target species Thorough coverage of leaves with herbicide Don t spray to point of runoff

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63 Foliar Treatments Typical application 1-3% glyphosate 2-4% triclopyr CHECK Labels and literature for more specific rates and additional herbicide options Young plants are more susceptible and can be controlled using lower range of rates

64 Need Active Foliage!

65 Treatments Summary Many options available for control The best options depends upon the specific conditions at the site and the target invasive species Treatments can be combined (cut stump larger stems and basal bark remaining small ones) to achieve desired results Always check label information for specifics

66 Invasive Species Spread

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71 Best Management Practices Help prevent the spread of invasive plants onto your land Equipment sanitation Stop planting invasive species Inspect off-site equipment and material Monitor areas with recent disturbance Inform any users of your land about invasive species (hunters, loggers, hikers)

72 Specific Control Recommendations

73 Autumn Olive - Control Retreatment necessary Resprouts vigorously Heavy seeder Dense infestations can be costly to control Promote regular maintenance to keep Autumn olive under control

74 Autumn Olive - Control Foliar Spray Garlon (1-2% solution) Cut Stump / Basal bark Garlon (20% solution) Glyphosate (20% solution)

75 Japanese Honeysuckle - Control Conditional control Don t always recommend controlling it Depends upon the situation New tree plantings Natural regeneration sites When undesirable behavior is noted

76 Japanese Honeysuckle - Control Prescribed fire Dense infestations low growing Foliar spray Escort (2 oz/acre), glyphosate (2%), or Garlon (2%) Dense infestations climbing Cut stump treatment Glyphosate (20%) or Garlon (20%) Small infestations Spot treatment Hand pull

77 Japanese Stiltgrass Control Repeated applications necessary Objective of control stop seed production All control activities need to be done before seed set (usually August-Early September) Seed bank in soil 3-5 years Very heavy infestations may not be practical to control (especially in neighboring lands are also infested)

78 Japanese Stiltgrass - Control Foliar applications 2% glyphosate Grass specific herbicide (e.g. Poast) Mechanical (mowing, weed whipping, hand pulling)

79 Oriental Bittersweet Control Cut stump or basal bark treatment Garlon (20-25% solution) Seedlings or dense root suckers Foliar spray Garlon (2%) or glyphosate (2%) Seedlings Handpull Prescribed fire

80 Bush Honeysuckle - Control Cut stump/basal bark Garlon (20-25% solution) Foliar spray 2% glyphosate 3% Garlon Seedlings Hand pull Prescribed fire

81 Garlic Mustard - Control Large infestations Foliar spray 2% glyphosate before flowering Hand pull and bag after flowering Small infestations Burn Hand pull Spot spray