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1 1 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2 Reducing Dynamic Memory in Java Embedded Applications Hinkmond Wong Consulting Member of Technical Staff Darryl Mocek Principal Member of Technical Staff 2 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

3 Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 3 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

4 Program Agenda Overview: Internet of Things, Small Embedded Devices Introduction to Java Embedded Programming for Java Embedded Techniques to Reduce Dynamic Memory Usage Tools for Java Embedded Demo Q&A 4 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

5 Overview: Internet of Things Deployed on billions of devices, amazing variety Multi-function printers VOIP Phones E-book readers Medical equipment Industrial controllers Smartphones, feature phones Electric Metering and many more 5 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

6 The Spectrum of Java Servers Desktop Java SE Embedded (smaller footprint Java EE JavaFX Java SE w/full Java SE APIs) TV Mobile Card BD-J Java TV MSA Java ME Embedded (smaller footprint, subset APIs) Java Card Java Language 6 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

7 Java Platform Overview Java SE Embedded Small footprint Full Java 1.6 API available Large Commercial / Industrial fixed location assets Java ME Embedded Smaller footprint Install base in the billions Mobile devices Dominates the feature phone market Java Card Smallest footprint Install base nearing 10 billion M2M networks Cyber-physical systems 7 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

8 Introduction to Java SE Embedded What is Java SE Embedded? Fully implements Java SE specification Significant memory optimizations Smaller persistent (ROM/disk) and volatile (RAM) Runtime optimizations Proven & Stable, Huge Developer Base, Rapid Application Development Fully Object Oriented, Runs on a Virtual Machine 8 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

9 Introduction to Java Embedded (cont) What is Java SE Embedded? Memory Management, Portability, Cross Platform Multi-Thread, -Process and -CPU/Core support Security Networking 9 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

10 How is Java SE Embedded Different? What is different vs. Java SE for Desktop and Server? Ports available for typical embedded CPUs (arm, mips, powerpc) Support for small profiles 10mb static footprint headless 16mb dynamic footprint headless Choice of VM features for Developers: Small Client VM (smaller footprint): Only include Serial GC Only include C1 client JIT Large Server VM (larger footprint) Will also support a large full featured configuration 10 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

11 How is Java SE Embedded Different? What is different vs. Java SE for Desktop and Server? Memory Matters...especially for embedded Small to some on Desktop and Server is large on Embedded Memory Reduction Categories Optionality: build-time and runtime Tunability: Trade-off performance for size Efficiency: Balancing size savings with performance 11 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

12 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Build-Time Optionality Flexible choice during manufacturing Gives choice to OEM device manufacturers Does not confuse end-user 12 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

13 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Runtime Optionality Use of shared libraries Trade-off total size for flexibility for end-user Example: Debugging 13 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

14 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Tunability Use of caches for different cases Reflection JAR files Runtime tuning is best Keep caching off by default 14 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

15 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Tunability Use of buffers Start with smaller size Grow only when needed Ex. I/O Keep ability for end-user to adjust during runtime 15 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

16 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Efficiency Watch for high volume of data objects Keep declarations down to a minimum Watch for heavy use of annotations with no great benefit Instead use hash table Move fields to helper classes 16 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

17 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Efficiency Watch for memory used for unused or infrequently used features Eliminate objects when feature is not used Runtime optionality using hash table is good for flexibility 17 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

18 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Efficiency Keep Java class files compact Eliminate extra fields Use object pointers instead of inner classes Use smaller buffers Group fields together in shared classes 18 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

19 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Power Efficiency (allow kernel to lower clock speed or shut-off) Avoid idle tasks or inefficient polling Avoid idling and block waiting on asynchronous events Use decaying algorithms that eventually block Allow the CPU to sleep by providing quiet periods Don t assume there are multiple CPU cores 19 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

20 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Managing GC Choosing best GC algorithm: Serial GC vs. Parallelized GC Utilizing GC plug-in architecture Tuning GC for memory constrained devices 20 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

21 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Managing limited memory Static initializers Lazy memory allocation Limiting static footprint size??? Limiting use of threads Reducing resource: Ex. Fewer Locales (only targeted to regions) Dealing with lower powered CPUs ARM devices 21 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

22 Best Practices for Java Embedded How is it best used? Using Profiling Tools Examining Java Heap Looking for inefficiencies Watching for how long Java objects are held Generational GC and how it affects the Java Heap 22 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

23 Developing for Java Embedded Summary Question Every Footprint Increase Can it be made optional? Can it be made tunable so you have both high performing high footprint and lower performing low footprint versions? Can it be more memory efficient without giving up performance? 23 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

24 Developing for Java Embedded Where is it used? Embedded Devices Smaller memory and lower powered CPUs Wirelessly networked Headless or small screens Limited input (touchscreen or keypad) 24 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

25 DEMO: Using Profiling Tools to Reduce Dynamic Memory Use 25 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

26 Q&A 26 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

27 Graphic Section Divider 27 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

28 28 Copyright 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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