Ch. 4- Plants! STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION! And Taxonomy!

Transcription

1 Ch. 4- Plants! STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION! And Taxonomy!

2 Plants belong to the kingdom: Plantae PLANTS AND PLANT REPRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION And Classification

3 Two types of seed plants are gymnosperms & angiosperms: GYMNOSPERMS: The seeds of gymnosperms are located inside a cone.

4 Gymnosperms! Examples include pine trees, cedar, spruce, sequoia, redwoods, and ginkgoes.

5 They are not just for the holidays!.! They are also called evergreens because some green leaves always remain on their branches. They DO NOT have flowers. They have needle-like leaves Have male & female cones Only female cone has seeds

6 Second Type of Seed Plant! A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a fruit is called an Angiosperm. seeds are enclosed not visible leaves are broad mostly deciduous trees (some exceptions)

7 2nd type of seed plant ANGIOSPERMS: Herbaceous stems (green/flexible) Produce seeds in enclosed fruit Two characteristics produce flowers and fruit

8 Examples of Angiosperms Include banana plants, apples, daisies, and maple trees.! enclosed seed

9 How do Angiosperms pollinate? add to your notes Angiosperms have bright petals to attract animals such as insects, birds, and other animals to increase their chances of their seeds being spread. Angiosperms have a seed enclosed in a protective covering (fruit). This helps keep the seed in tact as it passes through the animal s digestive system. Like gymnosperms, their seed can be carried by wind, but angiosperms usually are pollinated by, gravity, insects and other animals (birds, bats, etc.) 9

10 Something to think about... There are far more angiosperms than gymnospermms. Why? They have a better chance of reproducing. They smell good, have tasty fruits...so therefore attract more pollinators. Do angiosperms and gymnosperms pollinate the same way? Both can pollinate by wind & water, but angiosperms also use insects and other animals to pollinate. How is the seed of an angiosperm different from that of a gymnosperm? Seeds of an angiosperm are enclosed in a fruit; gymnosperms are not.

11 Products of Seed Plants Most wood used for construction and for paper production comes from gymnosperms. Angiosperms form the basis of the diets of most animals. And they are also the source of many of the fibers used in clothing.

12 Bell Work 1/27/17 ISN (bottom of p. 112) Complete the Venn Diagram on gymnosperms & angiosperms (compare & contrast) after you have finished watching the BrainPop: BrainPOP Movie: "Seeded Plants"

13 Check your Venn Diagram: (Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms) BOTH: Have seeds Use wind & water ANGIOSPERMS to pollinate *Are Deciduous GYMNOSPERMS Used to provide * Seeds in a fruit Are evergreens us with important * Have broad Seeds in a cone products leaves Have needle-like Essential for us * to Pollinate by wind, leaves survive!! (O 2 ) gravity, insects, Pollinate only by other animals wind and water * Most abundant Least abundant

14 More Bell work 1/27/17 ISN (p. 112) Copy and answer each statement below: 1) (True/False) There are far more gymnosperms than angiosperms. 2) Gymnosperms are also called. 3) What do you think our world would be like without gymnosperms and angiosperms? (Explain your answer be very detailed)

15 Learning Targets I can.. Identify and describe the male and female structures of a flower. describe the function and structure of each part of the stamen describe the function and structure of each part of the pistil

16 Flowering plants Remember angiosperms are called flowering plants, and produce seeds that are often covered by fruit.

17 If you look carefully at a flower, you will see that it is made up of many different parts. Quickcheck: Q: How do you think the parts of a flower are similar to your body? A: Similar to your body because each part has an important job to do - - just like a plant!

18 Sepals Flowers contain the reproductive parts of a plant. When a flower is still a bud, it is enclosed by leaf-like structures called sepals. sepal The sepals are structures that protect the flower from unwanted visitors/invaders. Q: What part of your body is this similar to?

19 It s not just the nectar..! The petals attract pollinating insects with their bright color and attractive scent. The patterns on the inside of the petals often act as landing strips for insects. It helps guide insects to the male and female reproductive structures within the flower. Quick check: Are the color and scent of the flower the only thing that may attract pollinators?

20 Ohhhh.how sweet it is!!! Remember pollinators are naturally drawn to the scent and bright colors of the flower. Some Pollinators (such as bees, hummingbirds, and other insects) are drawn to the sweet tasting liquid (nectar) as well. It is located in what is known as the NECTARY.

21 Where is the Nectary? (in case you are wondering.)

22 It s a man s world.! The petals also surround the reproductive organs. The stamen has two parts. The anther produces the pollen, which contains the sperm. The filament is the stalk-like structure that supports the anther. filament filament anther anther

23 But women rock!!!!! In the center of the flower are the pistils (also known as the carpel) The pistils are the female organs of the flower. The pistils of most flowers have three parts: 1) The stigma is the knob at the very top of the pistil. A sugary fluid makes the stigma "sticky", and keeps the pollen from falling off or blowing away. Q: How do you think this helps the flower in pollination (or reproduction)?

24 Do Girls Rock???. pollen 2) A slender tube, called the style, connects the stigma to the ovary. ovule ovary 3) At the base of the flower is the hollow ovary, which contains the egg cells (ovules). These egg cells ripen to become the fruit that you eat. Fertilization takes place in the ovary. So, how does the pollen get to the ovary??

25 A pollen tube sprouts from the pollen grains on the stigma creating a pathway to the ovary. It disappears after pollen reaches the ovary! This is a cross section of an ovary. The ovules are the brown dots inside.

26 So what is happening? During fertilization the pollen travels down the pollen tube in the style and unites with the ovule (egg) in the ovary. The result of fertilization is a zygote (a fertilized egg) which forms a seed

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28 Numer paper 1-8 and write the correct words in the boxes: stamen, stigma, petals, ovary, ovules, pollen, sepals, anther. The male part of the flower 1) These attract insects 8 This is the female part of the flower, which receives the pollen 7 This is where pollen is made 2 These protect the flower before it opens 3 These become seeds after fertilization 4 Insects carry this from flower to flower This is where the seeds will grow 5 6

29 Check your answers!!!!!: stamen, stigma, petals, ovary, ovules, pollen, sepals, anther. The male part of the flower stamen These attract insects petals This is the female part of the flower, which receives the pollen stigma This is where pollen is made anther These protect the flower before it opens sepals These become seeds after fertilization ovule Insects carry this from flower to flower This is where the seeds will grow pollen ovary

30 Flowers are not perfect, or are they???? What is the difference between a perfect flower and an imperfect flower?

31 Perfect vs. Imperfect Perfect flowers Have both male and female parts. These are also called COMPLETE flowers. Imperfect flowers Are missing one or more flower parts.these are also called INCOMPLETE flowers.

32 So How does pollination The pollen must be transferred to the stigma. This is called pollination. In self-pollination, pollen is transferred to the stigma or pistil on the same plant. In Cross-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the flower of one plant to the stigma of another plant. occur?

33 Review: When does the pollen tube appear? The pollen tube doesn t appear until the pistil of one flower catches pollen that is compatible from another flower. The sugary-coating on the Stigma sticky stimulates the pollen grain and causes it to germinate (or grow from the pollen grain cell. )

34 When does the pollen tube appear? The pollen tube then will appear and grow down into the ovary to fertilize the. Ovule

35 The seed provides a covering to keep the young plant from drying out. All seeds have an embryo, stored food and a seed coat. The embryo has the beginnings of the roots, stems and leaves. The embryo uses the stored food inside the seed to grow.

36 Now let s put it all together. 36

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38 Other types of pollination Brainpop!!!!!!! brainpop video on pollination

39 Corny Joke of the Day!!! Q: What did the male stamen say to the female pistil? A: I like your S-T-Y-L-E!!!! (Ha-Ha-ha!!)

40 A little bit of Trivia How do Bees make honey? Or is honey already made?