INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS

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1 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS

2 KEY TERMS Industrialization Life before the IR Life after the IR Acts of Union of 1707 Acts of Union of 1801 England / GB / UK 2 nd Agricultural Revolution (BAR) Enclosures Seed Drill Jethro Tull Urbanization Capital Entrepreneurs Textiles Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin Eli Whitney Putting Out System

3 WHAT IS INDUSTRIALIZATION? Write your thoughts Industrialization - the process of replacing man and animal power with mechanical power.

4 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION When did it start? Where did it start?

5 LIFE BEFORE I.R. Life before the I.R. Agrarian (Farming) Rural Weather Dependent People made everything themselves Life after the I.R. Villages industrialized Bought food and clothing that other people made Travel by steam ship or train Communication by telegraph Anesthetic Sewing machine

6 IT BEGINS IN GREAT BRITAIN Advances in Agricultural Practices 2 nd Agricultural Revolution Population increases + Urbanization Capitalism Industry

7 ASIDE: BRITISH POLITICAL TERMS Before 1707, England and Scotland were separate countries on the same island (named Britain). Acts of Union (1707) Political union of England and Scotland Great Britain created.

8 BRITISH TERMS (CONT D) Act of Union of 1801 Ireland joins Now known as the United Kingdom Ireland would rebel & gain independence in the Irish War of Independence ( ) Today England = Country within the UK Great Britain = Island United Kingdom = GB + N. Ireland British Commonwealth

9 BRITISH COMMONWEALTH

10 AGRICULTURE

11 2 ND AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION (BRITISH AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION) Huge Advances in Agriculture 1. Property Laws 2. Methods / Inventions 3. Social Media 1700 CE 2 nd Agricultural Revolution (B.A.R.) A time period characterized by advances in farming techniques in the 18 th century, which led to increased food production Began in England, spread throughout Europe

12 1. CHANGES IN PROPERTY LAWS Enclosures process of taking over and consolidating land Before, land was common After it was enclosed private Huge increases in food production. Why?

13 LAND ENCLOSURES IN ENGLAND 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 95% 84% 71% 75% 45% 47%

14 2. AGRICULTURAL METHODS / INVENTIONS Seed Drill (Jethro Tull) Crop Rotation

15 3. SOCIAL MEDIA New Farming Journals share new methods INFO IS POWER!! Crowd Sourcing

16 B.A.R. EFFECTS? 1. Changes in Property Laws 2. Agricultural Methods / Inventions 3. Social Media

17 B.A.R. EFFECTS: POPULATION GROWTH England 5 million 9 million Europe 120 million 180 million Why did the population increase so rapidly?

18 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

19 BAR IR The Industrial Revolution began in England. The BAR was part of the reason it started there, but certainly does not explain it sufficiently.

20 Why Britain?????

21 POPULATION IN ENGLAND Two Factors: 1. As food production increased, population increased as well. 2. As food production became more efficient, less people had to be farmers What did this allow?

22 URBANIZATION Definition rapid growth of, and migration to, large cities. People move from rural areas to cities. How would this affect your life? Positive Effects? Negative Effects?

23 New Farming Technique s Fewer People needed to live / work on farms Population Increase Urbanization Huge Supply of Labor

24 WHY BRITAIN? Supply of Labor???

25 NATURAL RESOURCES: BRITAIN Transportation Ports Navigable Rivers Access to Sea Power Coal Iron Close to surface Machinery Iron

26 Supply of Labor? Natural Resources?

27 CAPITAL Capital Money used to invest in a business The theory of Capitalism proposed by Adam Smith (English) was more influential in British economic policy than anywhere else The Middle Class in Great Britain had a lot of money at the time, because of their overseas empire & Capitalism. People could invest money into companies Factories Mines Railroads

28 CAPITAL (CONTINUED) Entrepreneurs people who start a business A great deal of RISK Run and operate their own company Do you know any entrepreneurs?

29 IMPACT OF CAPITALISM Adam Smith (British) The Wealth of Nations Free Markets People were free to invest their money however they wanted. Special in Great Britain

30 Supply of Labor Natural Resources? Capital

31 NEW TECHNOLOGY As production increased, factories needed supplies to make products Not enough cotton Not enough thread First industry to Industrialize? Textiles Industry that makes cloth and clothing Spinning Jenny spun thread Cotton Gin Cleaned Cotton Invented by Eli Whitney

32 NEW TECHNOLOGY Before IR, Textile companies used the putting-out system Putting-Out System Companies would send cotton to people s homes. People would spin it and make it into clothes at home, and send it back to the company. Putting-out system in Great Britain no longer worked, because the machines were too large and expensive. What to do?

33 FACTORIES ARE BORN Factories were built to house the large machinery Workers would now go to a factory to work.

34 Supply of Labor Natural Resources Capital New Technology (and factories)

35 POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP What is a positive feedback loop? What is a negative feedback loop?

36 POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: EXAMPLE 1 Lose Weight More Exercise Feel Happy More Energy

37 POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: EXAMPLE 2 You are in a good mood Everyone is nice to you, and it feels good. You are nice to everyone, because of your mood

38 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: EXAMPLE 1 You yell at your mom You get angry Your mom yells at you

39 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: EXAMPLE 1 You are a negative person You tell yourself how much you hate everything Everything you see makes you mad

40 POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN Factories produced a lot of goods. Factories made money, and reinvested the capital into better machines Goods became cheaper More people wanted to buy these cheaper goods

41 THE ELEGANT BEAUTY OF CAPITALISM Additionally: Factory workers had money to buy goods. Factories made money, so more people wanted to invest capital Inventions made money, so more people worked on inventions Factories made money, and reinvested the capital into better machines Factories produced a lot of goods. More people wanted to buy these cheaper goods Goods became cheaper

42

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