NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT BOMEN INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITY BOMEN. WAGGA WAGGA

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1 Postal Address P.O. Box 432 Gladesville N.S.W AUSTRALIA A.C.N A.B.N Telephone: Fax: Atkins Acoustics and Associates Pty Ltd. Consulting Acoustical & Vibration Engineers NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT BOMEN INDUSTRIAL SEWAGE TREATMENT FACILITY BOMEN. WAGGA WAGGA Rev 01 Prepared for: City of Wagga Wagga P.O. Box 20. WAGGA WAGGA NSW 2650 Prepared by: Atkins Acoustics & Associates Pty Ltd Wharf Road GLADESVILLE NSW 2111 September Wharf Road, Gladesville NSW 2111 AUSTRALIA Tel: (02) Fax: (02)

2 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW AMBIENT BACKGROUND NOISE ENVIRONMENT Reference Measurement Locations Instrumentation Noise Descriptors Ambient Noise Measurement Results NOISE ASSESSMENT GOALS Modifying Factor Adjustments LOCAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS Wind Atmospheric Stability and Estimated Temperature Lapse Rates PROJECT SPECIFIC NOISE CRITERIA OPERATIONAL NOISE SOURCES OPERATIONAL NOISE ASSESSMENT Comments Assessment Recommendations SUMMARY 19 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Bomen Study Area 2 Figure 2: Land Zoning for Cartwrights Hill 3 Figure 3: Reference Measurement Locations 6

3 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Description of Reference Measurement Locations 5 Table 3.2: Measured RBL and L Aeq Noise Levels 7 Table 4.1: DECC Noise Policy Amenity Goals 9 Table 4.2: Calculated RBL and L Aeq Noise Levels 10 Table 4.3: Modifying Factor Corrections 11 Table 4.4: Adjustments for Duration 12 Table 5.1: Predominant Wind Directions and Percentage Occurrences 14 Table 5.2: Frequency of Atmospheric Stability Conditions 14 Table 7.1: Plant and Equipment Sound Power Levels 16 LIST OF ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT 1: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (100% Load - Clam Wind Conditions) ATTACHMENT 2: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (100% Load - 3m/sec Wind (All directions)) ATTACHMENT 3: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (100% Load - Temperature Inversion 3 /100m) ATTACHMENT 4: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (100% Load - 2m/sec Wind (All directions) + Temperature Inversion) ATTACHMENT 5: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (75% Load - Clam Wind Conditions) ATTACHMENT 6: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (75% Load - 3m/sec Wind (All directions)) ATTACHMENT 7: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (75% Load - Temperature Inversion 3 /100m) ATTACHMENT 8: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT (75% Load - 2m/sec Wind (All directions) + Temperature Inversion) ATTACHMENT 9: DEFINITION OF TERMS

4 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Bomen Industrial Land Study, Noise Planning Study dated February 2008 considered planning strategies for the control of noise exposure and possible land for rezoning in the Cartwrights Hill area. To reduce noise exposure from the Bomen Industrial Area the 2008 study recommended a buffer zone of five hundred (500) metres made-up with a three hundred (300) metre wide zone for potential low noise risk development and a two hundred (200) metre buffer zone adjacent to Bomen Road. In the vicinity of Bomen Road at Cartwright Hill, the 2010 LEP provides a four hundred (400) metre wide transition buffer (Zoned RU6 'Transition') between the Bomen Industrial Sewage Treatment Facility (BISTF) and land to the south Zoned R5 'Large Lot Residential' (Figure 2). Atkins Acoustics was commissioned by Wagga Wagga City Council to conduct a site specific noise impact assessment for the BISTF and review planning strategies for Cartwrights Hill. Investigations at the BISTF identified that noise from the plant is associated with blowers and airflow pipe breakout. At present the blowers are programmed to cycle on and off during day, evening and nighttime hours. Investigations identified that during 100% blower load conditions noise complaints have been registered with Council. At the present time for the control of noise impacts it is understood that it is a site operating procedure to limit blower load capacity to less than 75%. With more development in the area, it is understood that it will not be feasible or practical with the additional effluent generated from the development to maintain the present 75% blower operating scenario. Considering the recommended Project Specific Noise Criteria (PSNC) of 40dBA and the INP requirement to assess tonality and intemittency, the recommended adjusted assessment noise level for 100% load is 30dBA, i.e., a 10dBA correction applied to 30dBA (intermittency + tonality correction). For 75% blower load conditions the

5 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 2 recommended assessment level is 35dBA, i.e., a 5dBA correction applied to 40 (intermittency correction). Noise modelling has been undertaken for the BISTF assuming three (3) blowers operating at 100% load including pipe noise and at 75% load. The modelling considered local meteorological and seasonal wind data (Section 5.0, Tables 5.1 and 5.2). Attachments 1-8 present predicted noise levels for both 100% and 75% operating load conditions during calm, wind, temperature inversion and for a combination of wind and temperature inversion. For assessing wind affects the noise modelling assumed wind from all directions. Attachment 4 (100% load) and Attachment 8 (75% load) are provided to assist with the evaluation of noise exposure for existing and future possible residential land uses. The noise plots in Attachment 4 and Attachment 8 represent predicted levels with a source to receiver wind and temperature inversion. For the purpose of assessing noise from the BISTF and recommending buffer zones for the Cartwrights Hill Land (Zoned R5), modelling with 100% blower load conditions identified that land north of Cooramin Street is noise affected. Corramin Street is approximately sixteen hundred (1600) metres to the south of the BISTF. For the identification of the BISTF noise exposure for future land planning the noise contour level 30dBA shown in Attachment 4 should be considered. With the BISTF blowers limited to 75% load, modelling presented in Attachment 8 identifies the extent of land above 35dBA that is noise affected. From the modelling results (Attachment 8) land north of Old Bomen Road is identified as noise affected. Old Bomen Road is approximately six hundred (600) metres to the south of the BISTF. The report presents conceptual engineering options that could be considered to reduce noise exposure for Cartwrighs Hill and possible future land uses. With respect to possible

6 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 3 future expansion of the BISTF, new plant and equipment should be selected, installed and commissioned to ensure that the cumulative noise contribution from the plant is designed to achieve a noise level more than 10dBA below the assessment intrusive criteria of 40dBA, i.e., less than 30dBA when assessed at any residential property and adjusted to account for the INP 'modifying factors'.

7 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page INTRODUCTION Atkins Acoustics was commissioned by Wagga Wagga City Council to conduct a noise impact assessment for the Bomen Industrial Sewage Treatment Facility (BISTF) (Figure 1). The purpose of the assessment was to address noise from the BISTF, identify noise exposure zones for possible future land uses and investigate possible strategies to accommodate future compatible urban growth. The assessment addresses planning principles discussed in Bomen Industrial Land Study, Noise Planning Study dated February 2008 and refers to the Council 2010 LEP. The findings and recommendations presented in this report are based on: procedures normally referred to for assessing noise impacts; ambient noise measured in the study area; assessment procedures referenced in the NSW, Environmental Protection Authority (EPA), Industrial Noise Policy (INP); audit noise measurements conducted at the BISTF; modelling to predict noise levels emitted from the existing BISTF; identification of possible noise affected areas; and Council 2010 LEP. The information presented in the report has been prepared for the investigation described, and information available at the time of preparing the report. The contents of the report should not be used in any other context or for any other purpose without agreement and written approval from Atkins Acoustics and Wagga Wagga City Council.

8 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 2 Figure 1. Bomen Study Area Bomen Industrial Sewage Treatment Facility

9 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page OVERVIEW The Bomen Industrial Land Study, Noise Planning Study dated February 2008 considered planning strategies for the control of noise exposure and possible land for rezoning. To reduce noise exposure from the Bomen Industrial Area, the 2008 study recommended a buffer zone of five hundred (500) metres consisting of a three hundred (300) metre wide zone for potential low noise risk development and a two hundred (200) metre buffer zone adjacent to Bomen Road. In the vicinity of Bomen Road at Cartwright Hill, the 2010 LEP provides a four hundred (400) metre wide buffer (Zoned RU6 'Transition') between the BISTF and the land Zoned R5 'Large Lot Residential' (Figure 2). Figure 2. Land Zoning for Cartwrights Hill

10 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 4 Investigations during 2012 for the BISTF identified two (2) operating load capacities for the plant blowers of 100% and 75%. Resulting from noise complaints the operating capacity of the blowers is limited to less than 75% design load. It is understood that the plant as designed should be capable of operating at 100% load. The reason for this requirement is that the plant operators cannot control the level or quality of the effluent received by BISTIF and at times the blowers may need operate above the 75% load limit to adequately treat the received material. Given the predicted growth of Bomen and the need to upgrade the BISTF in the future, the 100% operating scenario is more likely and should be considered for the determination of noise buffer zones. At the present time the BISTF blowers operate at 75% load capacity, the timing and intermittent operation of the blowers are directly related to current flow patterns for the effluent received at the plant. Restrictions to blower load capacities directly reflect on the quality of effluent discharged downstream. With more development in the area, it is understood that it will not be feasible or practical with the additional effluent generated from the development to maintain the present 75% blower operating scenario. It is understood that the present blower restrictions are only achievable due to the Tey s (formerly Cargill s) effluent pre-treatment system which has been in commissioning stage. For comparison and information purposes only, the report presents noise contour plots for the present 75% load conditions. For the establishing noise buffer zones for future development in the area, it is recommended that the 100% load condition be adopted.

11 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page AMBIENT BACKGROUND NOISE ENVIRONMENT For the purpose of developing a planning strategy for Cartwrights Hill and the BISTF, site audits, noise monitoring and modelling were conducted during August Attended audits were undertaken to assist with the identification of noise sources and source sound power levels for the BISTF. For the establishment of project noise assessment criteria the report refers to the ambient background noise data reported in the Bomen Noise Planning Study dated February Reference Measurement Locations The measurement locations selected for the 2008 ambient noise monitoring are shown in Figure 3. Table 3.1 provides a brief description of the measurement locations. Table 3.1: Description of Reference Measurement Locations Reference Location Description Receiver Type Measurement Location R1 Bomen Road Residence approx. 160m from Bomen Road R2 Byrnes Road Vacant Land approx. 35m from Byrnes Road R3 Bavin Street Residence approx. 30 m from Bavin Street R4 Byrnes Road Residence approx. 130m from Byrnes Road 3.2 Instrumentation The instrumentation selected for 2008 ambient noise monitoring comprised RTA Technology Environmental Noise Loggers. The reference level of each instrument was checked prior to and after the measurements with a NATA calibrated Bruel & Kjaer Sound Level Calibrator Type 4230, with no significant drift recorded. The sound logging meters were set to A-weighting, fast response and fifteen (15) minute sampling periods.

12 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 6 Figure 3. Reference Measurement Locations 3.3 Noise Descriptors The ambient background noise levels were measured and assessed as percentile A- weighted sound levels. The parameters regarded as being the most important amongst these, are the L A90, the level exceeded for 90% of the sample period or the background noise level, and the L Aeq, which is the A-weighted energy equivalent continuous level. From procedures in the INP, the Rating Background Level (RBL) and ambient L Aeq levels were established. The RBL is the median of the tenth percentile background levels for each assessment period over the seven (7) day measurement period. The L Aeq level represents the energy averaged level for each assessment period.

13 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page Ambient Noise Measurement Results Table 3.2 presents a summary of the measured daytime, evening and nighttime calculated RBL s and L Aeq levels. Table 3.2: Measured RBL and L Aeq Noise Levels db(a) re: 20 x 10 6 Pa Date Assessment Background Level L A90 Equivalent Continuous Level L Aeq Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Location R1: 80 Bomen Road RBL Ambient L Aeq Location R2: Road Side Byrnes Road RBL Ambient L Aeq Location R3: 78 Bavin Street RBL Ambient L Aeq Location R4: 171 Byrnes Road RBL Ambient L Aeq NOTE: Daytime: (7.00am to 6.00pm); Evening: (6.00pm to 10.00pm); Night: (10.00pm to 7.00am)

14 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page NOISE ASSESSMENT GOALS Guidelines for assessing industrial noise exposure in residential areas are published in the INP. The primary noise objectives of the INP are: to establish criteria to protect the community and preserved noise amenity; provide guidelines to derive Project Specific Noise Criteria (PSNC); provide guidelines for modelling, measurement and evaluate noise impacts; and provide a formal process for evaluating noise impacts. The INP provides guidelines for assessing intrusive noise and noise amenity. The intrusiveness of a noise source is considered to be acceptable if the L Aeq, 15 minute level does not exceed the RBL by more than 5dB(A). In order to determine amenity noise goals, the maximum ambient L Aeq level from a development should not exceed recommended acceptable noise levels (Table 4.1). Where existing L Aeq levels approach or exceed the recommended acceptable levels, the noise criteria are normally set below the existing L Aeq to limit any further increase or noise creep.

15 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 9 Table 4.1: DECC Noise Policy Amenity Goals Receiver Description Residence Indicative Noise Amenity Area Rural Suburban Urban Urban/Industrial (for existing situations only) Time of Day Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Day Evening Night Day Evening Recommended L Aeq Noise Level Acceptable db(a) Recommended Maximum Night 50 Passive recreation areas All When in use Active recreation areas All When in use Commercial All When in use Industrial All When in use NOTES: Daytime: (7.00am to 6.00pm) Evening: (6.00pm to 10.00pm) Night-time: (10.00pm to 7.00am) (1) Suburban an area that has local traffic with characteristically intermittent traffic flows or with some limited commerce or industry. This area often has the following characteristics: - decreasing noise levels in the evening period ( ; and/or - evening ambient noise levels defined by the natural environment and infrequent human activity. This area may be located in either a rural, rural-residential or residential zone, as defined or other planning instrument. (2) Urban - an area with an acoustical environment that: - is dominated by urban hum or industrial source noise - has through traffic with characteristically heavy and continuous traffic flows during peak periods - is near commercial districts or industrial districts - has any combination of the above - where urban hum means the aggregate sound of many unidentifiable, mostly traffic related sound sources. This area may be located in either a rural, rural-residential or residential zone, as defined or other planning instrument, and also includes mixed land-use zones such as mixed commercial and residential uses. (3) Urban/industrial interface - an area defined as for urban above that is in close proximity to industrial premises and that extends out to a point where the existing industrial noise from the source has fallen by 5dB. Beyond this region the amenity criteria for the urban category applies. (4) Areas reserved for passive recreation 50/55dB(A) (when in use). (5) Active recreation areas 55/60dB(A) (when in use). For the purpose of noise assessment and developing possible land-use planning options land exposed to the BISTF would be described (INP Section 2.2.1) as "existing suburban " or "future suburban. Referenced to the INP "suburban" is described as an area that has local traffic with characteristically intermittent traffic flows or some limited commerce or industry and may be located in either a rural, rural-residential or residential zoned areas. Considering the existing ambient noise levels and the proposed (Figure 2) planned land uses Table 4.2 presents a summary of the RBL s, the ambient L Aeq levels and recommended Project Specific Noise Criteria (PSNC) for assessing noise from the BISTF.

16 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 10 Table 4.2: Calculated RBL and Ambient L Aeq Noise Level db(a) re: 20 x 10 6 Pa Period Recommended L Aeq Noise Levels Measured Measured Intrusive Criterion L Aeq Amenity Criterion L Aeq RBL L Aeq Location R1: 80 Bomen Road Day Evening Night Location R3: 78 Bavin Street Day Evening Night Location R4: 171 Byrnes Road Day Evening Night The principles underpinning the establishment of noise criteria (INP. Section 2) are best regarded as planning tools, They are not mandatory, and an application for a noiseproducing development is not determined purely on the basis of compliance or otherwise with the noise criteria. Numerous other factors need to be taken into account in the determination. These factors include economic consequences, other environmental effects and the social worth of the development. The criteria help to determine consent/licence conditions because they provide information on the likely effect of any environmental noise associated with the development. 4.1 Modifying Factor Adjustments Where a noise source contains characteristics, such as tonality, impulsiveness, intermittency, irregularity or dominant low-frequency content, there is evidence to suggest that it can cause greater annoyance than other noise at the same noise level. The INP correction factors that are applied to the source noise level at the receiver before comparison with the PSNC to account for the additional annoyance. Tables 4.3 and 4.4 set out corrections specified for tonal, impulsive, intermittent and lowfrequency noise that are added to the measured or predicted levels at the receiver before comparison with the PSNC. Where two or more modifying factors are identified, the maximum correction is limited to 10 db.

17 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 11 Table 4.3. Modifying factor corrections Factor Tonal noise Assessment/ measurement One-third octave or narrow band analysis When to apply Correction 1 Comments Level of one-third octave band exceeds the level of the adjacent bands on both sides by: 5 db or more if the centre frequency of the band containing the tone is above 400 Hz 8 db or more if the centre frequency of the band containing the tone is 160 to 400 Hz inclusive 15 db or more if the centre frequency of the band containing the tone is below 160 Hz 5 db 2 Narrow-band frequency analysis may be required to precisely detect occurrence Low frequency noise Measurement of C-weighted and A-weighted level Measure/assess C- and A-weighted levels over same time period. Correction to be applied if the difference between the two levels is 15 db or more 5 db 2 C-weighting is designed to be more responsive to low-frequency noise Impulsive noise Intermittent noise Duration Maximum adjustment A-weighted fast response and impulse response Subjectively assessed Single-event noise duration may range from 1.5 min to 2.5 h Refer to individual modifying factors If difference in A-weighted maximum noise levels between fast response and impulse response is greater than 2 db Apply difference in measured levels as the correction, up to a maximum of 5 db. Characterised by a short rise time of 35 milliseconds (ms) and decay time of 1.5 s Level varies by more than 5 db 5 db Adjustment to be applied for nighttime only. One event in any 24-hour period Where two or more modifying factors are indicated 0 to 20 db(a) Maximum correction of 10 db(a) 2 (excluding duration correction) Notes: 1. Corrections to be added to the measured or predicted levels. 2. Where a source emits tonal and low-frequency noise, only one 5-dB correction should be applied if the tone is in the low-frequency range. The acceptable noise level may be increased by an adjustment depending on duration of noise.

18 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 12 Table 4.4. Adjustments for duration Duration of noise (one event in any 24 hour period) Increase in acceptable noise level at receiver db(a) Daytime and evening ( h) 1.0 to 2.5 hours 2 Nil 15 minutes to 1 hour 5 Nil 6 minutes to 15 minutes minutes to 6 minutes 15 5 less than 1.5 minutes Night-time ( h)

19 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page LOCAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS The INP guidelines set minimum standards for assessing environmental noise impacts. The standards include assessing the effects of wind and temperature inversions. Meteorological conditions such as source to receiver winds and temperature inversion conditions increase the level of noise at a receiver location. The effects of wind can also reduce noise when the wind is blowing from the receiver towards the source. If the evaluation of meteorological conditions for a specific area shows that the occurrence of the wind in any segment with speeds up to 3m/sec is greater than 30%, wind for that segment should be included in the noise modelling and impact assessment. Similarly, if the occurrences of temperature inversion conditions are greater than 30%, the effects of temperature inversions should be included in the noise assessment. 5.1 Wind Wind rose data provided by Holmes Air Sciences for the study area is presented in the Bomen Industrial Land Study, Noise Planning Study. The annual wind data shows that the predominate winds during daytime hours (0700 to 1800 hours) includes westerly and west-south-westerly winds; during evening hours ( hours) westerly and westsouth-westerly winds are predominate, and during night time hours ( hours) the predominant wind is from the east-south-east. Table 5.1 provides a summary of the wind source data and identifies the predominant wind directions and percentage occurrence greater than 10%. The meteorological data (Table 5.1) shows that during day and evening hours the occurrence of the wind speeds up to 3m/sec in any one segment is less than 30%. During the nighttime hours the predominant wind (less than 3m/sec) is from the east and the calculated percentage occurrence is 30%. From the data evaluated both calm and wind conditions have been assumed for the area.

20 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 14 Table 5.1: Predominant Wind Direction and Percentage Occurrence Holmes Air Sciences Period Annual Summer Autumn Winter Spring Day Evening Night W±45-16% WSW±45-17% SE±45-16% W±45-21% WSW±45-17% ENE±45-14% SE±45-13% WNW±45-13% ESE±45-22% W±45-12% WSW±45-15% ENE±45-13% SE±45-13% W±45-26% WSW±45-12% ENE±45-15% ENE±45-20% E±45-30% ESE±45-25% SE±45-21% W±45-16% WSW±45-20% SE±45-21% SSE±45-16% WNW±45-21% W±45-24% WSW±45-24% ENE±45-11% SE±45-11% E±45-11% SE±45-16% W±45-13% NW±45-14% W±45-16% WSW±45-17% ESE±45-24% SE±45-23% NW±45-11% WNW±45-24% ESE±45-19% ESE±45-20% WNW±45-11% W±45-16% WSW±45-17% SE±45-17% SSE±45-20% WSW±45-16% W±45-11% WNW±45-15% NE±45-16% E±45-16% SE±45-16% W±45-11% WNW±45-16% E±45-17% ESE±45-24% SE±45-20% 5.2 Atmospheric Stability and Estimated Temperature Lapse Rates A summary of the predominant seasonal frequency of occurrence of atmospheric stability classes for calm and wind speeds less then 3m/sec. together with the corresponding estimated Environmental Lapse Rates (ELR) are summarised in Table 5.2. Table 5.2: Frequency of Atmospheric Stability Conditions Stability Class Percentage Frequency Estimated ELR 1 C/100 m Qualitative Description A 0 % < -1.9 Lapse B 0 % -1.9 to -1.7 Lapse C 0 % -1.7 to -1.5 Lapse D 22.8% -1.5 to -0.5 Neutral E 15.1% -0.5 to 1.5 Weak inversion F 62.1% 1.5 to <4 Moderate inversion G - > 4 Strong inversion Note 1: ELR (Environmental Lapse Rate) Referenced to the INP, when the frequency of occurrence of atmospheric stability classes F and G is greater than 30%, temperature inversion conditions are considered for noise modelling. From the meteorological data evaluated temperature inversion conditions have been assumed for the nighttime hours.

21 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page PROJECT SPECIFIC NOISE CRITERIA Reference to the INP the intrusiveness of a noise source is considered to be acceptable if the L Aeq, 15 minute level does not exceed the RBL by more than 5dB(A). In order to determine amenity noise criteria, the INP recommends that the maximum ambient L Aeq, period level from a development should not exceed recommended acceptable levels (Table 4.1). As the BISTF operates intermittently, the nighttime intrusive criterion is more stringent and recommended for assessing noise impacts. Referring to the ambient background noise levels reported in the Bomen Industrial Land Study, Noise Planning Study (February 2008) a PSNC of 40dBA has been recommended for assessing noise from the BISTF with consideration of the INP 'modifying factors'.

22 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page OPERATIONAL NOISE SOURCES Modelling for the BISTF has considered noise from three (3) blowers operating simultaneously and pipe breakout where applicable. A summary of the L Aeq octave band sound power levels developed from site attended noise measurements and adopted for noise modelling is presented in Table 7.1. Table 7.1. Plant and Equipment Sound Power Levels db re: Watts Plant Description Sound Power Level db re: Watts db(a) k 2k 4k 8k 16k Blower No 1 (100% load) Blower No 2 (100% load) Blower No 3 (100% load) Blower No 1 (75% load) Blower No 2 (75% load) Blower No 3 (75% load) Pipework (100% load)

23 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page OPERATIONAL NOISE ASSESSMENT Noise from the BISTF was modelled with the DECC approved Environmental Noise Model (ENM) computer model. The ENM modelling is based on digital topographical data, source sound power levels and calculates sound pressure level contributions after calculating attenuation factors including distance, shielding from structures, ground vegetation, atmospheric absorption and topographical features. The modelling output is formatted to present noise levels plots. The noise modelling assumed three (3) blowers operating at 100% load including pipe noise and at 75% load. Considering the meteorological and seasonal wind data (Section 5.0, Tables 5.1 and 5.2) the modelling assumed wind from all directions. The meteorological scenarios modelled included: Calm - 15 C air temperature, 65% relative humidity, Wind - 15 C air temperature, 65% relative humidity, 3m/sec wind speed (all directions), "Temperature Inversion" 15 C air temperature, 65% relative humidity and 3ºC/100m temperature gradient, "Wind and Temperature Inversion" 15 C air temperature, 65% relative humidity, 2m/sec wind speed (all directions) and 3ºC/100m temperature gradient Noise contour plots from the modelling are presented in Attachments 1-8, inclusive. 8.1 Comments Discussions with the BISTF site operators confirmed that noise from the plant is variable and intermittent. The variable operating conditions depend on conditions in the processing/treatment tank and requirements for additional airflow (oxygen). The intermittent condition is dependent on flow conditions into the plant. At present the blowers are programmed to cycle on and off six (6) times a day. The operating times being 2.25am, 6.25am, 10.25am, 14.25pm, 18.25pm and 22.25pm.

24 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 18 During each operating cycle the blowers operate for ten (10) minute, switch off for thirty (30) minutes, than operate for an additional thirty (30) minutes before switching off until the next cycle. With respect to INP assessment procedures noise from the BISTF would be classified as intermittent and attract a +5dB correction for intermittency. Measurements and modelling have shown at 100% load conditions noise from the BISTF blower system would be described as tonal. It is understood from discussions with site operators that during 100% load conditions noise complaints have been registered with Council. With the blower operating conditions limited to 75% load the tonal noise reduces and not as pronounced. From our site investigations, it is our opinion that the tonal noise at 100% load is contributed to from airflow conditions into the header manifold connected to the blower discharge and the acoustic performance of the blower discharge silencers. 8.2 Assessment Attachments 1-8 present predicted noise levels for the BISTF at both 100% and 75% load conditions for calm, wind, temperature inversion and a combination of wind and temperature inversion. Referenced to Attachments 1-8, the PSNC of 40dBA and the INP requirement to assess tonality and intemittency, the appropriate noise level to consider for 100% load is 30dBA i.e., 10dBA correction applied to 30dBA (intermittency + tonality correction). For 75% blower load conditions the appropriate assessment level is 35dBA, i.e., 5dBA correction applied to 40 (intermittency correction). For the purpose of establishing buffer zones for the Cartwrights Hill Land Zoned R5 for the BISTF noise, modelling for 100% blower load conditions identified that land north of Cooramin Street would be classified as noise affected. Corramin Street is approximately sixteen hundred (1600) metres to the south of the BISTF. For assessment of the BISTF noise exposure for future land planning purposes the noise contour level 30dBA shown in Attachment 4 has been referred to.

25 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Page 19 The modelling presented in Attachment 8 for 75% blower load conditions, identifies noise affected land at levels greater than 35dBA. From the noise modelling results land north of Old Bomen Road would be classified as noise affected. Old Bomen Road is approximately six hundred (600) metres to the south of the BISTF. 8.3 Recommendation To assist with reducing noise from the BISTF and reducing land exposure to noise conceptual control options available include; installation of secondary engineered blower noise controls including additional inline discharge silencers and upgrading the existing acoustic enclosures; construction of a purpose built blower plant room to enclose the blowers; redesigning the blower discharge pipe manifold to eliminate the 90 T- connections; and acoustic lagging of the blower discharge pipe work. With respect to possible future expansion of the BISTF, any new plant and equipment should be selected, installed and commissioned to ensure that the cumulative noise contribution from new plant is designed to achieve a noise level a least 10dBA below the PSNC of 40dBA i.e., less than 30dBA when assessed at any residential property taking into account the INP 'modifying factors' (Section 4.1)

26 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 1 ATTACHMENT 1: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 100% Load - Calm Wind Conditions

27 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 2 ATTACHMENT 2: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 100% Load - 3m/sec Wind (All directions)

28 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 3 ATTACHMENT 3: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 100% Load - Temperature Inversion 3 /100m

29 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 4 ATTACHMENT 4: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 100% Load - Wind 3m/sec (All directions) + Temperature Inversion 3 /100m

30 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 5 ATTACHMENT 5: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 75%Load - Calm Wind Conditions

31 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 6 ATTACHMENT 6: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 75% Load - 3m/sec wind (All directions)

32 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 7 ATTACHMENT 7: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 75% Load - Temperature Inversion 3 /100m

33 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 8 ATTACHMENT 8: OPERATIONAL NOISE CONTOUR PLOT 75% Load - Wind 3m/sec (All directions) + Temperature Inversion 3 /100m

34 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 9 AATTACHMENT 9: DEFINITION OF TERMS A-Weighted: See db(a) Adverse weather: Weather effects that enhance noise (that is, wind and temperature inversion) that occur at a site for a significant period of time (that is, wind occurring more than 30% of the time in any assessment period in any season and/or temperature inversions occurring more that 30% of the nights in winter). Adjustment for duration applied where a single event noise is continuous for a period of less than two and a half hours in any 24- hour period. The acceptable noise level may be increased by the adjustment shown in Table 4.2. This adjustment is designed to account for unusual and one-off events, and does not apply to regular high-noise levels that occur more frequently than once per day. Ambient noise: The all-encompassing noise associated within a given environment. It is the composite of sounds from many sources, both near and far. Assessment background level (ABL): The single figure background level representing each assessment period-day, evening and night (that is, three assessment background levels are determined for each 24-h period of the monitoring period). Its determination is by the tenth percentile method. Assessment period: The period in a day over which assessments are made: day ( h), evening (1800 to 2200h) or night (2200 to 0700h). Background Noise: The underlying level of noise present in the ambient noise, excluding the noise source under extraneous noise is removed. This is described using the L A90 descriptor. Cumulative noise level: Refers to the total level of noise from all sources. Day: The period between 0700 and 1800hrs (Monday-Saturday) and (Sunday and Public Holidays). db: Abbreviation for decibel-a unit of sound measurement. Given sound pressure to a reference pressure. db(a): Unit used to measure A-weighted sound pressure levels. A- weighting is an adjustment made to sound level measurement to approximate the response of the human ear. A change of 1dB(A) or db(a) in the level of a sound is difficult to detect, whilst a 3dB(A) to 5dB(A) change corresponds to a small but noticeable change in loudness. A 10dB(A) change corresponds to an approximate doubling or halving in loudness. The table below lists examples of typical noise levels. Sound Pressure Level (dba) Typical Source Subjective Evaluation 130 Threshold of pain Intolerable 120 Heavy rock concert Very noisy 110 Grinding on steel 100 Loud car hone at 3m Noisy 90 Construction site with pneumatic hammering 80 Kerbside of busy street Loud 70 Loud radio or TV Department store General Office Moderate to quiet Inside private office Inside bedroom Quiet to very quite 20 Unoccupied recording studio Almost silent

35 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 9 Default parameters: In assessing meteorological enhancement of noise, refers to set values for weather parameters, such as wind speeds and temperature gradients, to be used in predicting source noise levels. Equivalent Continuous Noise Levels: The level of noise equivalent to the energy average of noise levels occurring over a measurement period. Evening: Refers to the period between hrs. Extraneous Noise: Noise resulting from activities that are not typical of the area. Atypical activities may include construction, and traffic generated by holiday periods and by special events such as concerts or sporting events. Normal daily traffic is not considered to be extraneous. Feasible and reasonable measures: Feasibility relates to engineering considerations and what is practical to build; reasonableness relates to the application of judgement in arriving at a decision, taking into account the following factors: - noise mitigation benefits (amount of noise reduction provided, number of people protected) - cost of mitigation (cost of mitigation versus benefits provided) - community views (aesthetic impacts and community wishes) - noise levels for affected land uses (existing and future levels, and changes in noise levels). Fluctuating Noise: Noise that varies continuously and to an appreciable extent over the period of observation. Greenfield site: Undeveloped land. Impulsive Noise: Noise having a high peak of short duration, or a sequence of such peaks. A sequence of such peaks. A sequence of such impulses in rapid succession is termed repetitive impulsive noise. Intermittent noise: the level suddenly drops to that of the background noise several times during the assessment period, with a noticeable change in noise level of at least 5 db. Intrusive Noise: refers to noise that intrudes above the background level by more than 5 decibels. L A90 : The A-weighted sound pressure level that is exceeded for 90% of the time over which a given sound is measured. This is considered to represent the background noise. L Aeq : The equivalent continuous noise level the level of noise equivalent to the energy average of noise levels occurring over a measurement period. Long-term annoyance: Prolonged annoyance over months and years. Low-frequency noise containing major components within the low frequency range (20 Hz 250 Hz) of the frequency spectrum. Maximum adjustment the maximum correction to be applied to the criteria or the measured level where two or more modifying factors are present. The maximum adjustment is 10 db(a) where the noise contains two or more modifying factors (excluding the duration correction). Median: The middle value in a number of values sorted in ascending or descending order. Hence, for an odd number of values, the value of the median is simply the middle value. If there is an even number of values the median is the arithmetic average of the two middle values.

36 NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ATTACHMENT 9 Meteorological conditions: wind and temperature inversion conditions. Most-affected locations(s): Locations that experience (or will experience) offensive noise from the noise source under consideration. In determining these locations, one needs to consider existing background levels, exact noise source locations(s), distance from source (or proposed source) to receiver, and any shielding between source and receiver. Negotiated agreement: An agreement involving the negotiation of an achievable noise limit in cases where the project specific noise levels cannot be met. The agreement is negotiated between the proponent and the DEC or the proponent and the community. Such an agreement is reached through balancing the merits of a development, the feasibility and reasonableness of available mitigation measures and the noise impacts produced. Night: The period between 2200 and 0700 (Monday-Saturday) and (Sunday and Public Holidays) Noise criteria: The general set of nonmandatory noise level targets for protecting against intrusive noise (for example, background noise plus 5dB) and loss of amenity (for example, noise levels for various land uses). Non-mandatory: With reference to the proposed policy, means not required by legislation. The proposed policy specifies criteria to be strived for, but the legislation does not make these criteria compulsory. However, the policy will be used as a guide to setting statutory (legally enforceable) limits for licences and consents. Performed-based goals: Goals specified in terms of the outcomes/performance to be achieved, but not in terms of the means of achieving them. Rating Background Level (RBL): the overall single-figure background level representing each assessment period (day/evening/night) over the whole monitoring period (as opposed to over each 24-h period used for the assessment background level). This is the level used for assessment purposed. It is defined as the median value of: - all the day assessment background levels over the monitoring period for the day - all the evening assessment background levels over the monitoring period for the evening; or - all the night assessment background levels over the monitoring period for the night. Receiver: The noise-sensitive land at which noise from a development can be heard. Stationary noise sources: Sources that do not generally move from place to place, eg. industrial or commercial sources. In general, these include: Individual stationary sources such as: - heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment, - rotating machinery, - impacting mechanical sources, - other mechanical equipment and machinery such as conveyors. Temperature inversion: An atmospheric condition where temperature increases with height above the ground. Tonal noise: containing a prominent frequency and characterised by a definite pitch.

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