Alkanes. Physical and Chemical Properties

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Alkanes. Physical and Chemical Properties"

Transcription

1 Alkanes Physical and hemical Properties

2 Attractive Forces Acting Between Ions & Molecules Secondary Forces Pure Electrostatic Attractions - chiefly ionic compounds Dipole-dipole attractions - chiefly between molecules δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ δ+ δ

3 Attractive Forces Acting Between Ions & Molecules Dispersion Forces - Very weak, due to a temporary shift in electron distribution dependent on the size of the molecule

4 Physical Properties of Alkanes Alkanes are Nonpolar Only dispersion forces act between molecules. Most alkanes are insoluble in water. Boiling points, melting points, and densities generally increase with the size of the alkane: Decane > eptane > Butane

5 Physical Properties of Alkanes ompound B.P. º (2) (2) (2) (2)

6 Physical Properties of Alkanes Boiling points generally decrease with increased branching as a result of decreased surface area. onsider

7 Physical Properties of Alkanes 3-D Structures of Isomeric Nonanes n-nonane, bp 151º 2,6-dimethylheptane, bp 135º 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, bp 122º

8 Physical Properties of Alkanes The Basis for Fractional Distillation ot crude oil is fed in at the foot of the fractionating column and mixed with steam. Various constituents, or fractions, of the crude oil separate at various points of the column.

9 Physical Properties of Alkanes The Basis for Fractional Distillation # s

10 Physical Properties of Alkanes omparison of Boiling Points for Alkanes and Alcohols ompound B.P. º ompound B.P. º O 65 3(2) (2)3-O 118 3(2) (2)7-O 194 3(2) (2)11-O 255 3(2) (2)16-O 308 Note: All organic molecules may have Alkane-like portions of their structures which confer hydrocarbon-like properties on the molecules

11 Physical Properties of Alkanes omparison of the Boiling of Ethane (a hydrocarbon) and Methanol (an alcohol) Boiling involves breakdown of dispersion forces ethane, bp -89º Boiling involves breakdown of dispersion forces + polar forces. methanol, bp +65º

12 Physical Properties of Alkanes omparison of the Boiling of a ydrocarbon and an Alcohol Liquid Boiling involves breakdown of dispersion forces Gas Liquid Gas Boiling involves breakdown of dispersion forces + polar forces. owever, the boiling points are very similar...why??

13 Physical Properties of Alkanes omparison of Boiling Points for Alkanes and Alcohols ompound B.P. º ompound B.P. º O 65 3(2) (2)3-O 118 3(2) (2)7-O 194 3(2) (2)11-O 255 3(2) (2)16-O 308 Note: All organic molecules may have Alkane-like portions of their structures which confer hydrocarbon-like properties on the molecules

14 hemical Reactions of Alkanes

15 hemical Reactions of Alkanes ombustion - Burning in Oxygen Propane burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water O > O2 + 2O 38 +? O > 3 O O O > 3 O O

16 hemical Reactions of Alkanes ombustion - Burning in Oxygen Butane burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water O > O2 + 2O 410 +? O > 4 O O ? O > 8 O O O > 8 O O

17 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation - Reaction with alogen + UV light Methane reacts with chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet light to yield chloromethane and hydrogen chloride gas. uv light + l l l + l uv light 4 + l 2 3 l + l 4 l 2 uv light 3 l

18 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation - Reaction with alogen + UV light 4 l 2 uv light 3 l l 2 uv light l A SUBSTITUTION REATION

19 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation Ethane reacts with chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet light to yield chloroethane and hydrogen chloride gas. l 2 uv light l 2 6 l 2 uv light 2 5 l A SUBSTITUTION REATION Does it make any difference which hydrogen is exchanged in the substutution reaction?

20 hemical Reactions of Alkanes Note: It makes no difference which of the hydrogens in methane or ethane is replaced because all of the hydrogens within each compound are identical. Methane Ethane

21 hemical Reactions of Alkanes Structures of alogenated Alkanes chloromethane 1-chloropropane chloroethane 2-chloropropane

22 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation Propane reacts with chlorine gas in the presence of ultraviolet light to yield two different compounds with the formula 37l. l 2 uv light or l 45% bp 46º 1-chloropropane l 55% bp 36º 2-chloropropane

23 hemical Reactions of Alkanes Structures of alogenated Alkanes chloromethane 1-chloropropane chloroethane 2-chloropropane

24 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation - hlorination

25 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation - hlorination vs Bromination l 2 uv light or l 1-chloropropane 45% 2-chloropropane 55% l Br 2 uv light or Br 1-bromopropane 3% Bromine is more selective!! 2-bromopropane 97% Br

26 hemical Reactions of Alkanes alogenation - Bromination Substitution takes place at the carbon which has the fewest hydrogens in the starting material!!

H 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3. Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 1: Organic Compounds 1.1-1

H 3 C CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3. Copyright 2012 Nelson Education Ltd. Chapter 1: Organic Compounds 1.1-1 Section 1.1: Alkanes Mini Investigation: Arranging Carbon Atoms, page 10 A. Three different molecules of C 5 H 12 are possible. B. Five arrangements are possible for C 6 H 14, as predicted: H 3 C CH 2

More information

Alkanes. Chapter 1.1

Alkanes. Chapter 1.1 Alkanes Chapter 1.1 Organic Chemistry The study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties What s so special about carbon? Carbon has 4 bonding electrons. Thus, it can form 4 strong covalent bonds

More information

Contaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles 41. To predict if a molecule is polar, we need to answer two questions:

Contaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles 41. To predict if a molecule is polar, we need to answer two questions: ontaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles 41 opyright 2008. R Press All rights reserved. May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except Depending on its

More information

Page 1. 6. Which hydrocarbon is a member of the alkane series? (1) 1. Which is the structural formula of methane? (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

Page 1. 6. Which hydrocarbon is a member of the alkane series? (1) 1. Which is the structural formula of methane? (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) 1. Which is the structural formula of methane? 6. Which hydrocarbon is a member of the alkane series? 7. How many carbon atoms are contained in an ethyl group? 1 3 2 4 2. In the alkane series, each molecule

More information

Chapter 4. Chemical Energy

Chapter 4. Chemical Energy hapter 4 hemical Energy Perhaps the most convenient form in which to store energy is chemical energy. The foods we eat, combined with the oxygen we breathe, store energy that our bodies extract and convert

More information

CHM220 Addition lab. Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes*

CHM220 Addition lab. Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes* CM220 Addition lab Experiment: Reactions of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkenes* Purpose: To investigate the physical properties, solubility, and density of some hydrocarbon. To compare the chemical reactivity

More information

H 2O gas: molecules are very far apart

H 2O gas: molecules are very far apart Non-Covalent Molecular Forces 2/27/06 3/1/06 How does this reaction occur: H 2 O (liquid) H 2 O (gas)? Add energy H 2O gas: molecules are very far apart H 2O liquid: bonding between molecules Use heat

More information

Unit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde

Unit Vocabulary: o Organic Acid o Alcohol. o Ester o Ether. o Amine o Aldehyde Unit Vocabulary: Addition rxn Esterification Polymer Alcohol Ether Polymerization Aldehyde Fermentation Primary Alkane Functional group Saponification Alkene Halide (halocarbon) Saturated hydrocarbon Alkyne

More information

In the box below, draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for the compound formed from magnesium and oxygen. [Include any charges or partial charges.

In the box below, draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for the compound formed from magnesium and oxygen. [Include any charges or partial charges. Name: 1) Which molecule is nonpolar and has a symmetrical shape? A) NH3 B) H2O C) HCl D) CH4 7222-1 - Page 1 2) When ammonium chloride crystals are dissolved in water, the temperature of the water decreases.

More information

Which substance contains positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile electrons? A) O2(s) B) Cu(s) C) CuO(s) D) SiO2(s)

Which substance contains positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile electrons? A) O2(s) B) Cu(s) C) CuO(s) D) SiO2(s) BONDING MIDTERM REVIEW 7546-1 - Page 1 1) Which substance contains positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile electrons? A) O2(s) B) Cu(s) C) CuO(s) D) SiO2(s) 2) The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in

More information

20.2 Chemical Equations

20.2 Chemical Equations All of the chemical changes you observed in the last Investigation were the result of chemical reactions. A chemical reaction involves a rearrangement of atoms in one or more reactants to form one or more

More information

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THREE DIMENSIONS

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THREE DIMENSIONS (adapted from Blackburn et al., Laboratory Manual to Accompany World of hemistry, 2 nd ed., (1996) Saunders ollege Publishing: Fort Worth) Purpose: To become familiar with organic molecules in three dimensions

More information

Question Bank Organic Chemistry-I

Question Bank Organic Chemistry-I Question Bank Organic Chemistry-I 1. (a) What do you understand by the following terms : (i) Organic chemistry (ii) Organic compounds (iii) Catenation? [3] (b) Why are there very large number of organic

More information

YIELD YIELD REACTANTS PRODUCTS

YIELD YIELD REACTANTS PRODUCTS Balancing Chemical Equations A Chemical Equation: is a representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulas Example: 1. Word Description of a Chemical Reaction When methane gas (CH 4 ) burns

More information

The elements of the second row fulfill the octet rule by sharing eight electrons, thus acquiring the electronic configuration of neon, the noble gas o

The elements of the second row fulfill the octet rule by sharing eight electrons, thus acquiring the electronic configuration of neon, the noble gas o 2. VALENT BNDING, TET RULE, PLARITY, AND BASI TYPES F FRMULAS LEARNING BJETIVES To introduce the basic principles of covalent bonding, different types of molecular representations, bond polarity and its

More information

Review - After School Matter Name: Review - After School Matter Tuesday, April 29, 2008

Review - After School Matter Name: Review - After School Matter Tuesday, April 29, 2008 Name: Review - After School Matter Tuesday, April 29, 2008 1. Figure 1 The graph represents the relationship between temperature and time as heat was added uniformly to a substance starting at a solid

More information

83 to 87% carbon 11-15% hydrogen 0.1-7% sulphur 0.06-1.5% oxygen 0.1-0.5% nitrogen

83 to 87% carbon 11-15% hydrogen 0.1-7% sulphur 0.06-1.5% oxygen 0.1-0.5% nitrogen Petroleum chemistry rude is the name for a liquid mixture of different hydrocarbon connections found in the earth. Petroleum, strictly speaking is crude oil, but it is used to describe all kinds of hydrocarbons.

More information

PRACTICE PROBLEMS, CHAPTERS 1-3

PRACTICE PROBLEMS, CHAPTERS 1-3 PRATIE PRBLEMS, APTERS 1-3 (overed from h. 3: Alkane and Alkyl alide nomenclature only) 1. The atomic number of boron is 5. The correct electronic configuration of boron is: A. 1s 2 2s 3 B. 1s 2 2p 3.

More information

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces- forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules that hold molecules, ions, and atoms together. Intramolecular - forces of chemical bonds within a molecule

More information

Chapter 2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphur Trioxide

Chapter 2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphur Trioxide Chapter 2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Sulphur Dioxide and Sulphur Trioxide 2.1 Introduction In order to appreciate the impact of the properties of liquid sulphur dioxide and liquid sulphur trioxide

More information

Chapter 4 Lecture Notes

Chapter 4 Lecture Notes Chapter 4 Lecture Notes Chapter 4 Educational Goals 1. Given the formula of a molecule, the student will be able to draw the line-bond (Lewis) structure. 2. Understand and construct condensed structural

More information

Chapter 15 Radical Reactions. Radicals are reactive species with a single unpaired electron, formed by

Chapter 15 Radical Reactions. Radicals are reactive species with a single unpaired electron, formed by Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Radicals are reactive species with a single unpaired electron, formed by homolysis of a covalent bond; a radical contains an atom that does not have an octet of electrons,

More information

CHAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding

CHAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding CHAPTER 6 Chemical Bonding SECTION 1 Introduction to Chemical Bonding OBJECTIVES 1. Define Chemical bond. 2. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds. 3. Describe ionic and covalent bonding.. 4. Explain

More information

Energy and Matter CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER GOALS

Energy and Matter CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER GOALS 4 When sweat evaporates, it cools the skin by absorbing heat from the body. Energy and Matter CAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 Energy 4.2 The Three States of Matter 4.3 Intermolecular Forces 4.4 Boiling Point and Melting

More information

Chemistry 1050 Chapter 13 LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS 1. Exercises: 25, 27, 33, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53, 57, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71(a), 73, 75, 79

Chemistry 1050 Chapter 13 LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS 1. Exercises: 25, 27, 33, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53, 57, 61, 63, 67, 69, 71(a), 73, 75, 79 Chemistry 1050 Chapter 13 LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS 1 Text: Petrucci, Harwood, Herring 8 th Edition Suggest text problems Review questions: 1, 5!11, 13!17, 19!23 Exercises: 25, 27, 33, 39, 41, 43, 51, 53, 57,

More information

Type of Chemical Bonds

Type of Chemical Bonds Type of Chemical Bonds Covalent bond Polar Covalent bond Ionic bond Hydrogen bond Metallic bond Van der Waals bonds. Covalent Bonds Covalent bond: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared

More information

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education *0123456789* CHEMISTRY 0620/03 Paper 3 Theory (Core) For Examination from 2016 SPECIMEN PAPER 1 hour

More information

2. Which one of the ions below possesses a noble gas configuration? A) Fe 3+ B) Sn 2+ C) Ni 2+ D) Ti 4+ E) Cr 3+

2. Which one of the ions below possesses a noble gas configuration? A) Fe 3+ B) Sn 2+ C) Ni 2+ D) Ti 4+ E) Cr 3+ Chapter 9 Tro 1. Bromine tends to form simple ions which have the electronic configuration of a noble gas. What is the electronic configuration of the noble gas which the bromide ion mimics? A) 1s 2 2s

More information

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW. Chemical Bonding. Answer the following questions in the space provided.

CHAPTER 6 REVIEW. Chemical Bonding. Answer the following questions in the space provided. Name Date lass APTER 6 REVIEW hemical Bonding SETIN 1 SRT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. a A chemical bond between atoms results from the attraction between the valence

More information

Bonding Practice Problems

Bonding Practice Problems NAME 1. When compared to H 2 S, H 2 O has a higher 8. Given the Lewis electron-dot diagram: boiling point because H 2 O contains stronger metallic bonds covalent bonds ionic bonds hydrogen bonds 2. Which

More information

Getting the most from this book...4 About this book...5

Getting the most from this book...4 About this book...5 Contents Getting the most from this book...4 About this book....5 Content Guidance Topic 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table...8 Topic 2 Bonding and structure...14 Topic 2A Bonding....14 Topic 2B

More information

Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations (Chapter 3)

Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations (Chapter 3) Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations (Chapter 3) Chemical Compounds 1. Classification of Elements and Compounds Types of Pure Substances (Figure 3.4) Elements -- made up of only one type of atom

More information

3/5/2014. iclicker Participation Question: A. MgS < AlP < NaCl B. MgS < NaCl < AlP C. NaCl < AlP < MgS D. NaCl < MgS < AlP

3/5/2014. iclicker Participation Question: A. MgS < AlP < NaCl B. MgS < NaCl < AlP C. NaCl < AlP < MgS D. NaCl < MgS < AlP Today: Ionic Bonding vs. Covalent Bonding Strengths of Covalent Bonds: Bond Energy Diagrams Bond Polarities: Nonpolar Covalent vs. Polar Covalent vs. Ionic Electronegativity Differences Dipole Moments

More information

*0500/402* 0500/402. CHEMISTRY STANDARD GRADE Credit Level. Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre

*0500/402* 0500/402. CHEMISTRY STANDARD GRADE Credit Level. Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre FOR OFFIIL USE 0500/402 NTIONL QULIFITIONS 2009 MONDY, MY 0.50 M 2.20 PM Total HEMISTRY STNDRD GRDE redit Level Fill in these boxes and read what is printed below. Full name of centre Town Forename(s)

More information

Non-Covalent Bonds (Weak Bond)

Non-Covalent Bonds (Weak Bond) Non-Covalent Bonds (Weak Bond) Weak bonds are those forces of attraction that, in biological situations, do not take a large amount of energy to break. For example, hydrogen bonds are broken by energies

More information

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry An Introduction to Organic Chemistry 81 Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon with the exception of simple compounds e.g. carbonates (CO 3 2- ), carbon dioxide

More information

Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles

Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles TEKS REVIEW 8B Calculating Atoms, Ions, or Molecules Using Moles TEKS 8B READINESS Use the mole concept to calculate the number of atoms, ions, or molecules in a sample TEKS_TXT of material. Vocabulary

More information

Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models

Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models Survival Organic Chemistry Part I: Molecular Models The goal in this laboratory experience is to get you so you can easily and quickly move between empirical formulas, molecular formulas, condensed formulas,

More information

CHAPTER 3: MATTER. Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64

CHAPTER 3: MATTER. Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64 CHAPTER 3: MATTER Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64 3.1 MATTER Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies volume We study

More information

TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another

TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another 1 TYPES EMIAL BDIG Ionic Bonding - two atoms of opposite charge electrically attracted to one another ovalent Bonding - two atoms each sharing electrons within a molecular orbital Metallic Bonding - positive

More information

Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula C 6 H 6

Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula C 6 H 6 Aromatic compounds GE 1 BENZENE Structure Primary analysis revealed benzene had an... empirical formula of and a molecular formula of 6 6 Q.1 Draw out some suitable structures which fit the molecular formula

More information

Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Chapter 13 - LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS Problems to try at end of chapter: Answers in Appendix I: 1,3,5,7b,9b,15,17,23,25,29,31,33,45,49,51,53,61 13.1 Properties of Liquids 1. Liquids take the shape of their container,

More information

Specimen Paper. Time allowed! 60 minutes

Specimen Paper. Time allowed! 60 minutes Centre Number Surname Candidate Number Specimen Paper For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier Question 1 Mark Chemistry

More information

OCTET RULE Generally atoms prefer electron configurations with 8 valence electrons. - Filled s and p subshells

OCTET RULE Generally atoms prefer electron configurations with 8 valence electrons. - Filled s and p subshells TYPES EMIAL BDIG 1 Ionic Bonding - Bond between ions whose charges attract each other - ne atom gives electrons and one atom takes electrons. Example a + l - ionic bond ovalent Bonding - two atoms each

More information

Alcohols An alcohol contains a hydroxyl group ( OH) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains a hydroxyl group ( OH) attached to a benzene ring.

Alcohols An alcohol contains a hydroxyl group ( OH) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains a hydroxyl group ( OH) attached to a benzene ring. Chapter : rganic Compounds with xygen Alcohols, Ethers Alcohols An alcohol contains a hydroxyl group ( H) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains a hydroxyl group ( H) attached to a benzene ring.

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Ch14_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Compounds with the -OH group attached to a saturated alkane-like carbon are known as A)

More information

Bonds. Bond Length. Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Bond Energy. Chapter 8. Bonding: General Concepts

Bonds. Bond Length. Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Bond Energy. Chapter 8. Bonding: General Concepts Bonds hapter 8 Bonding: General oncepts Forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them function as a unit. Bond Energy Bond Length It is the energy required to break a bond. The distance where

More information

Question (3): What are the different types of covalent bonds found in carbons compounds? Briefly explain with examples.

Question (3): What are the different types of covalent bonds found in carbons compounds? Briefly explain with examples. CLASS: X NCERT (CBSE) Chemistry: For Class 10 Page : 1 Question (1): What is organic chemistry? Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds of living matter i.e., plants and animals (CO 2, carbonates,

More information

Chapter 4: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Chapter 4: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Chapter 4: Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds 4.1 Chemical Bonding o Chemical Bond - the force of attraction between any two atoms in a compound. o Interactions involving valence

More information

Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry

Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry h 18 Page 1 hapter 18: rganic hemistry rganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on compounds that contain carbon (Exceptions:, 2, 3 2-, and N - ) Even though organic compounds only contain

More information

Chem 112 Intermolecular Forces Chang From the book (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,84,92,94,102,104, 108, 112, 114, 118 and 134)

Chem 112 Intermolecular Forces Chang From the book (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,84,92,94,102,104, 108, 112, 114, 118 and 134) Chem 112 Intermolecular Forces Chang From the book (10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,84,92,94,102,104, 108, 112, 114, 118 and 134) 1. Helium atoms do not combine to form He 2 molecules, What is the strongest attractive

More information

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS]

States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS] OpenStax-CNX module: m38210 1 States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS] Free High School Science Texts Project This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative

More information

Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry

Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry Chapter Goals Balance equations for simple chemical reactions. Perform stoichiometry calculations using balanced chemical equations. Understand the meaning of the term

More information

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular Forces: Introduction Intermolecular Forces Forces between separate molecules and dissolved ions (not bonds) Van der Waals Forces 15% as strong as covalent or ionic bonds Chapter 11 Intermolecular

More information

4.5 Physical Properties: Solubility

4.5 Physical Properties: Solubility 4.5 Physical Properties: Solubility When a solid, liquid or gaseous solute is placed in a solvent and it seems to disappear, mix or become part of the solvent, we say that it dissolved. The solute is said

More information

Chapter 6 Assessment. Name: Class: Date: ID: A. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Chapter 6 Assessment. Name: Class: Date: ID: A. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 6 Assessment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When an atom loses an electron, it forms a(n) a. anion. c.

More information

Chapter 1: Moles and equations. Learning outcomes. you should be able to:

Chapter 1: Moles and equations. Learning outcomes. you should be able to: Chapter 1: Moles and equations 1 Learning outcomes you should be able to: define and use the terms: relative atomic mass, isotopic mass and formula mass based on the 12 C scale perform calculations, including

More information

Test Bank - Chapter 4 Multiple Choice

Test Bank - Chapter 4 Multiple Choice Test Bank - Chapter 4 The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 4. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The

More information

EDEXCEL IGCSE chemistry (separate award)

EDEXCEL IGCSE chemistry (separate award) EDEXCEL IGCSE chemistry (separate award) Section 1: Principles of chemistry a) States of matter 1.1 understand the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles in each of the three states of matter:

More information

Specimen Paper. Chemistry 1F. Time allowed! 60 minutes

Specimen Paper. Chemistry 1F. Time allowed! 60 minutes Centre Number Surname Candidate Number Specimen Paper For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier Question 1 Mark Science

More information

Physical Science 1 Progression

Physical Science 1 Progression Physical Science 1 Progression This progression is the about the structure and properties of matter. Matter is composed of material that is too small to be seen, but is understood in terms of the types

More information

CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test

CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test CP Chemistry Review for Stoichiometry Test Stoichiometry Problems (one given reactant): 1. Make sure you have a balanced chemical equation 2. Convert to moles of the known substance. (Use the periodic

More information

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing Chemical Equations Balancing Chemical Equations Academic Success Center Science Tutoring Area Science Tutoring Area Law of Conservation of Mass Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Therefore the number of each type of

More information

The Mole and Molar Mass

The Mole and Molar Mass The Mole and Molar Mass 1 Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. Molar mass is numerically equal to atomic mass, molecular mass, or formula mass. However the units of molar mass are g/mol.

More information

Why? Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces. Chapter 12 IM Forces and Liquids. Covalent Bonding Forces for Comparison of Magnitude

Why? Intermolecular Forces. Intermolecular Forces. Chapter 12 IM Forces and Liquids. Covalent Bonding Forces for Comparison of Magnitude 1 Why? Chapter 1 Intermolecular Forces and Liquids Why is water usually a liquid and not a gas? Why does liquid water boil at such a high temperature for such a small molecule? Why does ice float on water?

More information

F322: Chains, Energy and Resources 2.2.4 Alcohols

F322: Chains, Energy and Resources 2.2.4 Alcohols F322: hains, Energy and Resources 2.2.4 Alcohols 167 marks 1. This question is about the six alcohols below. butan-2-ol 2-methylpentan-3-ol propan-1-ol ethane-1,2-diol 2-methylpropan-2-ol propan-2-ol Which

More information

Final. Mark Scheme CH1HP. Science A / Chemistry. (Specification 4405 / 4402) Unit 1: Chemistry 1

Final. Mark Scheme CH1HP. Science A / Chemistry. (Specification 4405 / 4402) Unit 1: Chemistry 1 02.3 General Certificate of Secondary Education January 203 Science A / Chemistry CHHP (Specification 4405 / 4402) Unit : Chemistry Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner

More information

Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility

Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility Chapter 5 Classification of Organic Compounds by Solubility Deductions based upon interpretation of simple solubility tests can be extremely useful in organic structure determination. Both solubility and

More information

hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Higher Tier Chemistry 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0

hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Higher Tier Chemistry 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0 hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Higher Tier Chemistry 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version.0 Copyright 20 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA)

More information

7-5.5. Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including:

7-5.5. Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including: 7-5.5 Translate chemical symbols and the chemical formulas of common substances to show the component parts of the substances including: NaCl [salt], H 2 O [water], C 6 H 12 O 6 [simple sugar], O 2 [oxygen

More information

A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n)

A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n) Chemistry I ATOMIC BONDING PRACTICE QUIZ Mr. Scott Select the best answer. 1) A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is

More information

Honors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1. A chemical equation. (C-4.4)

Honors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1. A chemical equation. (C-4.4) Honors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Question What is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction? What 3 things (values) is a mole of a chemical

More information

Candidate Style Answer

Candidate Style Answer Candidate Style Answer Chemistry A Unit F321 Atoms, Bonds and Groups High banded response This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR GCE Chemistry A Specimen Paper F321 for teaching

More information

MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

MOLECULAR REPRESENTATIONS AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY MLEULAR REPRESENTATINS AND INFRARED SPETRSPY A STUDENT SULD BE ABLE T: 1. Given a Lewis (dash or dot), condensed, bond-line, or wedge formula of a compound draw the other representations. 2. Give examples

More information

Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3

Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Properties of Alcohols and Phenols Experiment #3 Objectives: To observe the solubility of alcohols relative to their chemical structure, to perform chemical tests to distinguish primary, secondary and

More information

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA

WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA For ionic compounds, the chemical formula must be worked out. You will no longer have the list of ions in the exam (like at GCSE). Instead you must learn some and work out others.

More information

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.

IB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily. The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole

More information

Chem 1100 Chapter Three Study Guide Answers Outline I. Molar Mass and Moles A. Calculations of Molar Masses

Chem 1100 Chapter Three Study Guide Answers Outline I. Molar Mass and Moles A. Calculations of Molar Masses Chem 1100 Chapter Three Study Guide Answers Outline I. Molar Mass and Moles A. Calculations of Molar Masses B. Calculations of moles C. Calculations of number of atoms from moles/molar masses 1. Avagadro

More information

a. pure substance b. composed of combinations of atoms c. held together by chemical bonds d. substance that cannot be broken down into simpler units

a. pure substance b. composed of combinations of atoms c. held together by chemical bonds d. substance that cannot be broken down into simpler units Chemical Bonds 1. Which of the following is NOT a true compound? a. pure substance b. composed of combinations of atoms c. held together by chemical bonds d. substance that cannot be broken down into simpler

More information

Q.1 Draw structures for, and name, all carboxylic acids with formula :-

Q.1 Draw structures for, and name, all carboxylic acids with formula :- arboxylic acids F4 1 ARBXYLI AIDS Structure contain the carboxyl functional group includes a carbonyl (=) group and a hydroxyl (-) group the bonds are in a planar arrangement are isomeric with esters :-

More information

The Periodic Table: Periodic trends

The Periodic Table: Periodic trends Unit 1 The Periodic Table: Periodic trends There are over one hundred different chemical elements. Some of these elements are familiar to you such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. Each one has

More information

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 1 According to Brønsted and Lowry, an acid-base reaction is defined in terms of a proton transfer. By this definition, the reaction of Cl in water is: Cl(aq) + Cl (aq) +

More information

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State

EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid. (b) Gasoline changes from a liquid

More information

Chemistry B11 Chapter 6 Solutions and Colloids

Chemistry B11 Chapter 6 Solutions and Colloids Chemistry B11 Chapter 6 Solutions and Colloids Solutions: solutions have some properties: 1. The distribution of particles in a solution is uniform. Every part of the solution has exactly the same composition

More information

KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA

KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA 2008. május 15. KÉMIA ANGOL NYELVEN KÖZÉPSZINTŰ ÍRÁSBELI VIZSGA 2008. május 15. 8:00 Az írásbeli vizsga időtartama: 120 perc Pótlapok száma Tisztázati Piszkozati OKTATÁSI ÉS KULTURÁLIS

More information

ALCOHOLS: Properties & Preparation

ALCOHOLS: Properties & Preparation ALLS: Properties & Preparation General formula: R-, where R is alkyl or substitued alkyl. Ar-: phenol - different properties. Nomenclature 1. ommon names: Name of alkyl group, followed by word alcohol.

More information

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases

Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases John E. McMurry http://www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry Chapter 2 Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases Javier E. Horta, M.D., Ph.D. University of Massachusetts Lowell Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity

More information

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER - molecules in matter are always in motion - speed of molecules is proportional to the temperature

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER - molecules in matter are always in motion - speed of molecules is proportional to the temperature 1 KINETIC TERY F MATTER - molecules in matter are always in motion - speed of molecules is proportional to the temperature TE STATES F MATTER 1. Gas a) ideal gas - molecules move freely - molecules have

More information

CHM220 Nucleophilic Substitution Lab. Studying S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions: Nucloephilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon*

CHM220 Nucleophilic Substitution Lab. Studying S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions: Nucloephilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon* CHM220 Nucleophilic Substitution Lab Studying S N 1 and S N 2 Reactions: Nucloephilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon* Purpose: To convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using an S N 2 reaction

More information

5s Solubility & Conductivity

5s Solubility & Conductivity 5s Solubility & Conductivity OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between the structures of common household substances and the kinds of solvents in which they dissolve. To demonstrate the ionic nature

More information

Chemistry Diagnostic Questions

Chemistry Diagnostic Questions Chemistry Diagnostic Questions Answer these 40 multiple choice questions and then check your answers, located at the end of this document. If you correctly answered less than 25 questions, you need to

More information

The dipolar nature of acids

The dipolar nature of acids I. Introduction arboxylic Acid Structure and hemistry: Part 1 Jack Deuiter arboxylic acids are hydrocarbon derivatives containing a carboxyl () moiety. ecall that carbon has four valence electrons and

More information

Chem final review sheet with answers

Chem final review sheet with answers hem final review sheet with answers Name: ate: 1. Which pair of elements form an ionic bond with each other?. Kl. Il. Pl. Hl 6. Which atom listed has the greatest ability to attract the electrons that

More information

Chemistry 12 Worksheet 1-1 - Measuring Reaction Rates

Chemistry 12 Worksheet 1-1 - Measuring Reaction Rates Chemistry 12 Worksheet 1-1 - Measuring Reaction Rates 1. A chemist wishes to determine the rate of reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction is: Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) oh 2(g)

More information

5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C

5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C 1. The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when 1) H 2 O(s) changes to H 2 O( ) at 0ºC 3) H 2 O( ) at 10ºC changes to H 2 O( ) at 20ºC 2) H 2 O( ) changes to H 2 O(s) at 0ºC 4) H 2 O( )

More information

EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models

EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models EXPERIMENT 1: Survival Organic Chemistry: Molecular Models Introduction: The goal in this laboratory experience is for you to easily and quickly move between empirical formulas, molecular formulas, condensed

More information

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Ch 13_PT MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In organic chemistry, the term unsaturated means a molecule A) which contains one or more

More information

SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001

SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, Chemistry 11, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001 SCH 4C1 Unit 2 Problem Set Questions taken from Frank Mustoe et all, "Chemistry 11", McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2001 1. A small pin contains 0.0178 mol of iron. How many atoms of iron are in the pin? 2. A sample

More information

Exercise 3.5 - Naming Binary Covalent Compounds:

Exercise 3.5 - Naming Binary Covalent Compounds: Chapter Exercise Key 1 Chapter Exercise Key Exercise.1 Classifying Compounds: Classify each of the following substances as either a molecular compound or an ionic compound. a. formaldehyde, CH 2 O (used

More information

602X10 21 602,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000 6.02X10 23. Pre- AP Chemistry Chemical Quan44es: The Mole. Diatomic Elements

602X10 21 602,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000 6.02X10 23. Pre- AP Chemistry Chemical Quan44es: The Mole. Diatomic Elements Pre- AP Chemistry Chemical Quan44es: The Mole Mole SI unit of measurement that measures the amount of substance. A substance exists as representa9ve par9cles. Representa9ve par9cles can be atoms, molecules,

More information