UNAIDS 2014 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA HIV EPIDEMIC PROFILE

Transcription

1 UNAIDS 214 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA HIV EPIDEMIC PROFILE

2 214 TANZANIA Overview The United Republic of Tanzania includes Tanzania Mainland and the Indian Ocean Island of Zanzibar. Tanzania (Mainland) is located in East Africa and is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the west and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. On the eastern side is the Indian Ocean with a coastline of 1,424 km in length. In 212 the country s population was estimated at around 45 million ( people living on the Mainland and living in Zanzibar). Tanzania s economy depends heavily on agriculture which accounts for about 4% of GDP, provides 85% of the country s exports and employs 8% of the total workforce. In addition to agriculture, sectors such as tourism, mining and small scale industries continue to make increasing contributions to the national economic growth. Table 1 HIV epidemic indicators People living with HIV 1 4 [ ] 1 4 [ ] New HIV infections 93 [79 11 ] 72 [59 87 ] Adult 15+ new HIV infections 69 [59 83 ] 56 [46 69 ] AIDS-related deaths 89 [78 1 ] 78 [69 9 ] HIV prevalence (adults aged 15-49) 5.5% [5.2 6.%] 5.% [ %] HIV incidence (adults aged 15-49).38% [.32.44%].28% [.23.34%] Children (-14 years) living with HIV 29 [25 33 ] 25 [21 28 ] Children (-14 years) newly infected with HIV 23 [19 28 ] 16 [12 2 ] Adults 15+ living with HIV 1 2 [ ] 1 2 [ ] Women 15+ living with HIV 67 [62 73 ] 69 [64 75 ] HIV prevalence among young women (15-24 years) 2.4% [ %] 2.2% [ %] HIV prevalence among young men (15-24 years) 1.4% [1. 2.%] 1.4% [1. 1.8%] New HIV infections among young women (15-24 years) 16 [13 18 ] 12 [1 15 ] New HIV infections among young men (15-24 years) 8 6 [ ] 6 8 [5 9 ] HIV-positive incident TB cases* - Percentage of men circumcised (adults aged 15-49) 72% Sources: UNAIDS 213 HIV Estimates ; Global AIDS Response Progress Report

3 Fig. 1 HIV prevalence by geographical region Kagera Mara Mwanza Simiyu Geita Shinyanga Arusha Kilimanjaro Kigoma Katavi Tabora Singida Dodoma Manyara Tanga Kusini Pemba Kusini South Kaskazini Unguja Kusini Unguja Mjini Magharibi Dar es Salaam Rukwa Mbeya Iringa Pwani Morogoro Njombe Lindi Source: THMIS 211/12. Ruvuma Mtwara -2% 2-5% 5-8% > 8% Table 2 HIV prevalence among populations at high risk of infection Population group Sex workers Men who have sex with men People who inject drugs HIV Prevalence 31% (213, Dar es Salaam) 22.2% (213, Dar es Salaam) 42% (214, Dar es Salaam) Source: 1. Prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and health-related perceptions, reflections, experiences and practices among men having sex with men in Dar es Salaam, HIV behavioural and biological survey among female sex workers in Dar es Salaam, 21. Table 3 HIV programme data Number of adults living with HIV receiving ART Number of children living with HIV receiving ART June Adult ART coverage (of all adults living with HIV) 19% [18% 21%] 41% [38% 44%] Child ART coverage (of all children living with HIV) 7% [6% 7%] 16% [14% 18%] Number of women receiving PMTCT services Number of women needing PMTCT services 11 [97-12 ] 1 [89-11 ] PMTCT coverage 53% [47% 6%] 73% [65% 83%] Source: UNAIDS 213 HIV estimates, UNAIDS 214 Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 3

4 HIV trend data Fig. 2 Number of people living with HIV Fig. 3 Number of new HIV infections While HIV prevalence has been declining over the last several years, the number of people living with HIV has remained constant at around 1.4 million. Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates Fig. 4 Number of AIDS-related deaths The number of HIV-related deaths reached a peak in 24 but has been declining since then because of the scale-up of ART. AIDS deaths have fallen by 44% between 25 and 213. Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates The number of new HIV infections peaked in the mid-199s and has been declining since then Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates Fig. 5 Prevalence (%) among young people (15 24) men women Prevalence among young women fell from about 4% in 2 to 2.2% in 213. Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates Fig. 6 Fig. 7 ART coverage (%) of all people living ART coverage (%) of children living with HIV with HIV Almost 4 out of 1 people living with HIV received antiretroviral therapy in 213. Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates Less than 2 out of 1 children living with HIV received treatment in 213 Source: UNAIDS 213 estimates 4

5 Fig. 8 PMTCT coverage (%) Fig. 9 Number of new child HIV infections In 213, 7 out 1 pregnant women infected with HIV had access to PMTCT services Source: UNAIDS 213 HIV estimates Source: UNAIDS 213 HIV estimates Table 4 HIV knowledge, attitude and practice Men Women Total Percentage of young women and men aged who correctly identified ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission and prevention Percentage of young women and men aged who have had sexual intercourse before age 15 Percentage of adults aged who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the last 12 months Percentage of adults aged with more than one sexual partner in the past 12 months who reported the use of a condom during last intercourse Percentage of sex workers reporting the use of a condom with their most recent client Percentage of men reporting the use of a condom the last time they had anal sex with a male partner Percentage of women and men aged who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and who know their results. 5% 42% 9.9% 9.4% 3.8% 2.8% 26.8% 27.3% 26.5% 3.3% 43.4% 9.6% 12.5% 27% 45.5%* 28.7% Source: Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey, 211/212. Source: * Prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and health-related perceptions, reflections, experiences and practices among men having sex with men in Dar es Salaam,

6 Fig. 1 Gender equality Present at national level HIV plans and budgets in ministries responsible for gender Funding gender-equity programmes for men and boys Women living with HIV participated in response review Data available on gender-based violence and HIV Available on project basis Health sector policy on gender-based violence Response budget for women s organization Women living with and affected by HIV participated in CEDAW monitoring Disaggregated data available (age and sex) Integrating services for sexual and reproductive health and for HIV Female condoms procured and distributed Data on resources used for women s programmes Qualitative assessments conducted Social protection includes women living with HIV National Response gender review undertaken Not Available Source: Scorecards on gender equality in National HIV responses, 213. Commitment to HIV prevention, treatment and care Tanzania is committed to reaching the global targets outlined in the 211 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS. NMSFIII targets are: To achieve 95% coverage of ART for all eligible adults by 217. To increase condom use from 57% among men and 55% among women, in 212, to 7% among both men and women by 217. To increase PMTCT coverage from 73% in 213 to 1% in 217. To increase the use of sterile injecting equipment among injecting drug users, from 62.9% in 212 to 8% in 217. Achievements/progress in the national HIV response High-level political commitment has been demonstrated by the establishment of the AIDS Trust Fund. Domestic funding mechanisms in the health sector have been strengthened through user-fee charges, community health funds and health insurance. There has been a steady decline in HIV incidence since High coverage (72%) of male circumcision has been reached. The country has adopted PMTCT Option B+. Challenges in the national HIV response There has been a decrease in total HIV and AIDS financial resources. There is a high level of donor dependency (94.9% in 21/11). The HIV and AIDS Public Expenditure Review Report from 212 indicates that government spending on AIDS decreased by half from about USD 22 billion in 26/7 to USD 11 billion in 21/11 Low levels of comprehensive knowledge around HIV transmission and prevention (46.5% among females and 5% among males) have been observed. HIV testing rates are low. More than 5% of males and about 4% of females do not know their HIV status. There is low condom use (27%) among people with multiple partners. Only 3% of health facilities in the country provide services for Early Infant Diagnosis. Maternal and child mortality is still high. 6

7 UNAIDS Country Office PO Box 9182 Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Tel: UNAIDS Regional Support Team Eastern and Southern Africa Merafe House, 11 Naivasha Road Sunninghill 2157 Johannesburg Republic of South Africa Tel: Fax: unaids.org