Infantry Platoon Tactical Standing Operating Procedure

Transcription

1 Infantry Plaon Tactical Standing Operating Procedure This publication is an extract from FM 7-8 Infantry Rifle Plaon and Squad. It provides the tactical standing operating procedures for infantry plaons and squads and is tailored for ROTC cadet use. The procedures apply unless a leader makes a decision deviate from them based on the facrs of METT-T. In such a case, the exception applies only the particular situation for which the leader made the decision. ANNEX A. TASK ORGANIZATION (page 2) ANNEX B. COMMAND AND CONTROL (page 3) Appendix 1. Duties and Responsibilities (page 5) Appendix 2. Communication (page 8) Appendix 3. Estimate of the Situation (page 10) Appendix 4. Troop Leading Procedures (page 12) Orders (page 13) Reports (page 18) Appendix 5. Movement (page 19) ANNEX C. OPERATIONS (page 21) Appendix 1. Assembly Area Procedures (page 29) Appendix 2. Patrolling Planning (page 31) Appendix 3. Patrolling: Patrol Base Activities; Friendly Unit Coordination (page 32) Appendix 4. Conduct an Ambush and Hasty Ambush (page 33) Appendix 5. Area Recon, Actions on Capturing POW s and Land Navigation (page 34) Range Cards and Breaching (SOSR) (page 35) ANNEX D. NBC (page 36) ANNEX E. AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY (page 37) ANNEX F. FIRE SUPPORT (page 38) ANNEX G. FIRE CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION (page 40) ANNEX H OPERATIONAL SECURITY (page 43) ANNEX I. COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT (page 45) ANNEX J. SAFETY (page 48) Appendix 1. Reports (page 49) Appendix 2. Risk Management (page 51) Tab 1. Risk Assessment Matrix (page 52) Tab 2. Training Safety List (page 53) Appendix 3. MEDEVAC Procedures (page 54) Tab 1. Evaluate a Casualty (page 54) ANNEX K. LDP (page 55) ANNEX L. INFANTRY PLATOON WEAPONS CAPABILITY REFERENCE GUIDE

2 ANNEX A (TASK ORGANIZATION) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP Task organizations may vary according METT-T. The following items are considered before task organizing for a particular mission. 1. MAIN EFFORT. The plaon leader designates the main effort. He sufficiently weighs the main effort for each mission (for example, machine guns and antiarmor weapons) ensure success. 2. SUPPORTING EFFORT. The plaon leader also designates supporting efforts that will aid in the accomplishment of the mission. 3. PLATOON HEADQUARTERS. The plaon headquarters normally consists of the plaon leader, plaon sergeant, plaon RATELO, forward observer and his RATELO, plaon aidman, two machine gun teams, and any other elements that may be attached, under operational control, or in a supporting role. 4. ATTACHMENTS. a. Engineers. Engineers normally have already been assigned a priority of work by the company commander. The plaon leader will not dictate the employment or further suballocate or task organize any supporting engineer elements. He is responsible for coordinating with all engineers operating in his area ensure the commander's priorities are being adhered. He must also ensure that engineer assets are not wasted and he must also provide guides and from his plaon area. The plaon leader may be required provide labor support and or security assist the engineers. b. Stinger Teams. Stinger teams are usually in direct support of the company during the defense and under OPCON during the offense. The plaon leader does not change the priority of air defense protection established by the commander. The Stinger leader positions the Stingers where they can best provide support. The infantry plaon will frequently need provide security for the Stinger team. c. Antiarmor Sections. The antiarmor section's primary mission is destroy armor vehicles. The plaon leader does not change the priority of antiarmor engagements established by the commander. He locates the section where it can best support the mission. The infantry plaon will frequently be required provide security for the antiarmor section. d. GSR, IPW, and CI Teams. Often collocated with the infantry plaon. These elements are usually in direct support the battalion. The plaon leader coordinates with these teams ensure a mutual understanding of the mission exists. 2

3 ANNEX B (COMMAND AND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. COMMAND. Plaon leaders are responsible for effectively using the plaon's resources and for employing, organizing, and directing the plaon during combat operations. Effective command allows subordinate leaders exercise their initiative, take risks, and seize opportunities during the mission. a. Succession of Command. During combat, any member of the plaon may be required assume command. Frequently, the plaon FO or RATELO may need continue operations and direct the operation until the chain of command can be reestablished. Under normal conditions, the plaon succession of command will be-- Plaon leader. Plaon sergeant. Main effort squad leader. Supporting effort squad leaders by rank. b. Assumption of Command. When it is necessary for a new leader assume command of the plaon, if and when the situations allows it, he will accomplish the following tasks: (1) Inform higher headquarters of the change. (2) Reestablish the plaon chain of command and ensure all subordinates are made aware of changes. (3) Check the plaon's security and the emplacement of key weapons. (4) Check the plaon's equipment and personnel status. (5) Pinpoint the plaon's location. (6) Assess the plaon's ability continue the mission. (7) Inform higher command of assessment. (8) Continue the mission. 2. CONTROL. The challenge the leader is use the minimal amount of control required synchronize the operation, while still allowing decentralized decision making. 3

4 3. COORDINATION. Adjacent unit coordination is accomplished from left right and from front rear. Adjacent unit coordination is done face face when possible. The following information is exchanged by adjacent units: Unit identification. Mission. Unit locations Frequencies and call signs. Security plans. Fire support plans. Obstacle plans. CP and OP locations. Challenge and passwords. Secr sketches and or scheme of maneuver. Routes. Pyrotechnic signals. Fire control measures. APPENDIXES: 1. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2. COMMUNICATION 3. ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION 4. ORDERS AND REPORTS 5. MOVEMENT 4

5 APPENDIX 1 (DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES) ANNEX B (COMMAND AND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. PLATOON LEADER. The plaon leader is responsible for accomplishing the plaon's mission. He is responsible for positioning and employing all assigned and attached crew-served weapons. He must also know how employ supporting weapons. a. He leads the plaon in support of company and battalion missions. b. He informs his commander of his actions at all times. c. He plans missions with the help of the plaon sergeant, squad leaders, and other key personnel. d. He stays abreast of the situation and goes where he is needed supervise, issue FRAGOs, and accomplish the mission. e. He requests support for the plaon from the company commander perform its mission. f. He directs the plaon sergeant in planning and coordinating the plaon's CSS effort. g. During planning, he receives on-hand status reports from the plaon sergeant and squad leaders. h. He reviews plaon requirements based on the tactical plan. i. He develops the casualty evacuation plan. j. During execution, he checks the work of the plaon sergeant and the squad leaders. k. He ensures the soldier's load is reasonable. 2. PLATOON SERGEANT. The plaon sergeant is the senior NCO in the plaon and second in command. a. He supervises the logistics, administration, and maintenance activities of the plaon. b. He organizes and controls the plaon alternate CP. c. He trains the crews and employs the plaon's machine guns IAW the plaon leader's orders. d. He receives the squad leaders' requests for rations, water, and ammunition. He works with the company XO and first sergeant request resupply. He also directs the routing of supplies and mail. e. He maintains plaon strength information, consolidates and forwards the plaon's casualty reports.( DA Forms 1155 and 1156) and receives replacements. f. He monirs the morale, discipline, and health of plaon members. g. He commands task-organized elements in the plaon during tactical operations. This can include, but is not limited, quartering parties, security forces in withdrawals, support elements in raids or attacks, and security patrols. 5

6 h. He coordinates and supervises company directed plaon resupply operations. i. He ensures that ammunition and equipment are evenly distributed. (This is a critical task during consolidation and reorganization.) j. He ensures that the casualty evacuation plan is complete and executed properly by directing the plaon's aidman, and aid and litter teams. 3. SQUAD LEADER. The squad leader is responsible for the squad. a. He controls the maneuver of his squad and its rate and distribution of fire. b. He exercises his command through the fire team leaders. c. He manages the logistical and administrative needs of his squad. He requests and issues ammunition, water, rations, and special equipment. d. He maintains accountability of his soldiers and equipment. e. He completes casualty feeder reports and reviews the casualty reports completed by squad members. f. He supervises the maintenance of the squad's weapons and equipment. g. He conducts inspections of his soldiers, their weapons and their equipment. h. He keeps the plaon sergeant and plaon leader informed on his squad's supply status and equipment readiness. i. He ensures that supplies and equipment are internally cross-leveled. j. He designates and supervises special teams include: Enemy POW and Aid & Litter teams. k. He ensures compass and pace count duties are assigned. 4. TEAM LEADER. The team leader is a fighting soldier who leads by personal example and helps the squad leader as required. a. He controls the movement of his fire team b. He controls the rate and placement of fire by leading from the front and using the proper commands and signals. c. He maintains accountability of his soldiers and equipment d. He ensures his soldiers maintain the unit standards in all areas e. He is responsible for one Aumatic Rifleman, one Rifleman, and one Grenadier f. He ensures that his Specialty Teams are trained standard 5. SPECIALTY TEAMS 6

7 a. Enemy Prisoner of War Team: (1) Search (2) Silence (3) Segregate (4) Safeguard (5) Speed EPWs collection points b. Aid & Litter Team: (1) Evaluate A Casualty (2) Administer First Aid a Nerve Agent Casualty (3) Perform Mouth Mouth Resuscitation (4) Put on a Field or Pressure Dressing (5) Prevent Shock (6) Give First Aid for Burns, Heat Injuries, Frostbite (7) Transport a Casualty using a Litter Collection Points (8) Transport a Casualty using a Two-Man Carry Collection Points (9) Perform Search, Recovery, Evacuation, and/or Burial of Remains 7

8 APPENDIX 2 (COMMUNICATION) ANNEX B (COMMAND AND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. GENERAL. The three primary means of communication available the infantry plaon are radio, wire, and messenger. Normally, the plaon uses one or all of these during an operation. Additionally, the plaon leader plans an alternate means of communication in case the primary means fails. a. Radio. Radio is the least secure means of communication. Radio is susceptible interception and jamming. Proper radio procedures must be used reduce the enemy's opportunity hamper radio communications. (1) Radio procedures: (a) Change frequencies and call signs IAW unit SOI. (b) Use varied transmission schedules and lengths. (c) Use established formats expedite transmissions such as SALUTE. (d) Encode messages or use secure voice. (e) Use brevity codes when possible. (2) Actions if jamming is suspected: (a) Continue operate. (Do not let the enemy know that he is having any affect on communications.) (b) Disconnect the antenna. If interference sps, communications are probably being jammed. (c) Switch highest power. (d) Relocate the radio. Terrain may mask the enemy's jamming signal. (e) Use a directional antenna. (f) Turn the squelch off. (3) Radio nets: The plaon must monir and operate on several radio nets. These include-- (a) Company command net. The plaon leader will continuously monir the company command net. (b) Plaon net. The plaon headquarters controls the plaon net. The plaon net is be continuously monired by all elements of the plaon. FO. (c) Fire support net. The fire support net is controlled by the battalion FSO and is monired by the plaon's b. Wire. Wire is more secure than radio and is effected less by weather and terrain. When possible, the plaon uses wire in lieu of radio. When the tactical situation permits, the plaon establishes a wire net or hot loop.; This is accomplished as follows: 8

9 (1) Each element is responsible for running wire the plaon headquarters. (2) Each element of the plaon is responsible for running wire the element on its left. (3) Each element is responsible for running wire their OP. (4) Once established, each element is responsible for the maintenance of the wire it laid. Additionally, each element continuously monirs the wire net. (5) When breaking down the wire net, each element is responsible for recovering its wire. (6) The plaon headquarters maintains overall control of the wire net. c. Messenger. Messenger is the most secure means of communications. Messengers should vary their routes and schedules. Plaon leaders weigh the risk associated with using messengers. Although secure, messengers are the slowest form of communication. 2. CODE WORDS AND SIGNALS. a. Code Words. Code words are used for a multitude of reasons. Code words are established speed up communications, add a degree of security, and help with command and control. Code words are usually established during tactical operations for (but not limited ) objectives, phase lines, check points, link ups, and so forth. b. Signals. Signals can be used in many forms on any operation. Signals are usually either audio or visual. The key the use of signals is ensuring everyone is aware of the signal and its meaning, (See FM ) 9

10 APPENDIX 3 (ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION) ANNEX B (COMMAND AND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. MISSION ANALYSIS. a. Mission and intent of commander two levels up. b. Mission and intent of immediate commander. c. Assigned tasks (specified and implied). d. Constraints and limitations. e. Mission-essential tasks. f. Restated mission. g. Tentative time schedule. 2. ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION AND DETERMINE COURSES OF ACTION. a. Terrain and weather (1) Terrain - OCOKA. Observation and Fields of Fire Cover and Concealment Obstacles Key Terrain Avenues of Approach (2) Weather - visibility, mobility, survivability. b. Enemy situation and most probable courses of action. (1) Composition. (2) Disposition. (3) Recent activities. (4) Capabilities. (5) Weaknesses. (6) Most probable course of action (enemy use of METT-T). c. Friendly Situation. 10

11 1. METT-T Mission Enemy Terrain Troops Time d. Friendly Courses of Action. (Develop at a minimum two courses of action.) 3. ANALYSIS OF COURSES OF ACTION a. Significant facrs b. Wargame 4. COMPARISON OF COURSES OF ACTION 5. DECISION. 11

12 APPENDIX 4 (TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES, ORDERS AND REPORTS) ANNEX B (COMMAND AND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES 1. Receive the Mission 2. Issue a Warning Order 3. Make a Tentative Plan 4. Start Necessary Movement 5. Reconnoiter (5 point contingency plan: Where leader is going, Who he s taking with him, Amount of time he plans be gone, Actions taken if he does not return, Unit s and leaders actions on chance contact while the leader is gone.) 6. Complete the Plan 7. Issue the Complete Order 8. Supervise - The best plan may fail if it is not managed right. Briefbacks, rehearsals, inspections, and continuous coordination of plans must be used supervise and refine troop-leading procedures. Rehearsals focus on mission execution. They are essential ensure complete coordination and subordinate understanding. The warning order should provide subordinate leaders with sufficient level of detail for them schedule and conduct rehearsals of drills/sops before receiving the OPORD. Rehearsals conducted after the OPORD can then focus on mission specific tasks. Rehearsals should be conducted in a training area as much like the objective as possible. Mock-ups of the objective should be used for these practices. Rehearsals include holding soldier and leader briefbacks of individual tasks and using sand tables or sketches talk through the execution of the plan. These are followed by walk through exercises and then full speed blank-fire or live-fire rehearsals. The leader should establish a priority for rehearsals based on available time. The priority of rehearsals flows from the decisive point of the operation. Thus the order of precedence is: actions on the objective, battle drills for maneuver, actions on enemy contact, special teams, movement techniques, and others as required. Security must be maintained during the rehearsal. TAKE CHARGE MINUTE 1. Stand Up and Introduce Yourself 2. Designate Team Leaders 3. Establish Security a. Designate 12 O clock b. Assign Secrs 4. Initiate Troop Leading Procedures 2. ORDERS. 12

13 a. Orders Group (1) Company orders. As a minimum, the plaon leader, plaon FO, and attachments leaders will attend company orders. (2) Plaon orders. As a minimum, the following individuals will attend plaon orders: Plaon leader. Plaon sergeant. Squad leaders. Plaon FO. Aidman. Attachment leaders. b. Orders Formats (1) Warning order. 1. Situation 2. Mission 3. Execution - Concept - Time Schedule - Rehearsal - Tasks Subordinates 4. Service Support 5. Command and Signal (2) Fragmentary order. The format for a FRAGO is that portion of the current OPORD that has changed. If significant changes have occurred since the last OPORD, a new OPORD should be prepared. (3) Operation Order. The format for a Plaon OPORD follows: 1. Situation a. Enemy Forces (1) Disposition, composition, and strength (2) Capabilities (3) Most probable course of action b. Friendly Forces (1) Higher Unit (2) Left Unit s Mission (3) Right Unit s Mission (4) Forward Unit s Mission (5) Mission of Unit in Reserve or Following (6) Units in Support or Reinforcing Higher Unit c. Attachments and Detachments 2. Mission (Who, What, When, Where, Why) 3. Execution - Intent 13

14 a. Concept of the Operation. How unit will accomplish the mission. Identify tasks. (1) Maneuver. Designate main effort. ID tasks. (2) Fires. Concept of fire support. Address priority of fires, priority targets, restrictive control measures. (3) Additional combat support elements. Concept of employment and priority of effort. b. Tasks Maneuver Units. Specify tasks and purpose for each. c. Tasks combat support units. List specific tasks that must be accomplished. d. Coordinating Instructions. (1) Priority intelligence requirements and report tasks. (2) MOPP level (3) Troop safety and operational exposure guide. (4) Engagement and disengagement criteria and instructions. (5) Fire distribution and control measures. (6) Consolidation and reorganization instructions. (7) Reporting requirements. (8) Specified tasks that pertain more than one. (9) Rules of engagement. (10) Order of march and other MMNT procedures e. Safety 4. Service Support a. General. Provide trains location, Casualty and damaged equipment collection points, and routes and from them. b. Material and services (1) Supply --Class I - Subsistence --Class II - Clothing, ind. equip., ols and tentage --Class III - Petroleum, oil, and lubricants --Class IV - Construction Materials --Class V - Ammunition --Class VI - Personal demand items --Class VII - Major end items --Class VIII - Medical Supplies --Class IX - Repair parts (2) Transportation. Schedule and distribution (3) Services. Type, designation, location. (4) Maintenance (5) Medical evacuation (See appendix 3 Annex J) c. Personnel. EPW collection point and handling instructions. d. Miscellaneous. 5. Command and Signal a. Command 14

15 (1) Location of higher unit commander and CP. (2) Location of unit leader or CP. (3) Location of second in command or alternate CP. (4) Succession of command. b. Signal (1) SOI index in effect. (2) Listening silence if applicable. (3) Methods of communication in priority (4) Emergency signals. (5) Code words. The format for a Squad Operations order follows: 1. Situation A. Enemy B. Friendly C. Attachments and Detachments 2. Mission Who, What, When, Where, Why 3. Execution A. Concept of the Operation (1) Scheme of Maneuver (2) Fire Support B. Fire Team Tasks C. Coordinating Instructions D. Safety 4. Service Support 5. Command and Signal 15

16 PLATOON OPORD 1. SITUATION: a. Enemy Forces: b. Friendly Forces: c. Attachments/Detachments: 2. MISSION: Who: What: When: Where: Why: 3. EXECUTION: a. Concept of the Operation b. Tasks Maneuver Units c. Tasks Combat Support Units d. Coordinating Instructions e. Safety 4. SERVICE SUPPORT: a. General b. Material and Services c. Personnel d. Miscellaneous 5. COMMAND and SIGNAL: a. Command. b. Signal 16

17 SQUAD OPORD 1. SITUATION: a. Enemy b. Friendly c. Attachments and Detachments 2. MISSION: Who: What: When: Where: Why: 3. EXECUTION: a. Concept of the Operation b. Fire Team Tasks c. Coordinating Instructions d. Safety 4. SERVICE SUPPORT 5. COMMAND and SIGNAL WARNING ORDER 1. SITUATION: 2. MISSION: 3. EXECUTION: 4. SERVICE SUPPORT: 5. COMMAND and SIGNAL: 17

18 3. REPORTS. The following reports are used. (1) SALUTE--Size, Activity, Location, Unit/uniform, Time, Equipment. (2) SITREP--(situation report) given IAW OPORD. (3) ACE--(ammunition, casualty, equipment) normally, squad leaders give ACE reports the plaon sergeant after contact with the enemy. (4) Logistics--team leaders and squad leaders report twice daily up the chain of command. (5) Sensitive item--status reported by team leaders and squad leaders up the chain of command twice daily. (6) Personnel status--team leaders and squad leaders report twice daily. Normally, reports are given at stand- and before nightfall. (7) NBC 1 and NBC 4--whoever recognizes an NBC attack will report on the plaon net and preface the message with FLASH-FLASH-FLASH. NBC 1 and 4 reports are sent the company CP and then forwarded battalion. (8) After Action Report 1. PLAN Establish Objectives for the AAR Select Qualified Observers Review the Training and Evaluation Plan Identify the Participants Plan Sp Points During Exercises for AARs Make Potential Site Selections Select Training Aids Draft an AAR Plan Review the Unit s Training Objectives, Plans, and Prep. Observe the Training Organize the Selected AAR Site Collect Information From Other Observers Develop a Discussion Outline Organize and Rehearse 2. Conduct. Restate the Unit s Mission and Event s Training Objectives Generate Discussions Orient on Training Objectives Seek Maximum Participation Summarize and Emphasize Key Learning Points 18

19 APPENDIX 5 (MOVEMENT) ANNEX B (COMMAND CONTROL) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. MOVEMENT. a. Formation. Leaders choose the formation based on their analysis of METT-T and likelihood of enemy contact. (1) Fire team formations. All soldiers in the team must be able see their leader. (a) Wedge. This is the basic fire team formation; it will be used unless modified because of terrain, dense vegetation, terrain or mission. (b) File. Used in close terrain, dense vegetation, limited visibility. (2) Squad formations. Squad formations describe the relationships between fire teams in the squad. (a) Column. Primary squad formation and will be used unless METT-T dictates otherwise. (b) Line. Used when maximum fire power is needed ( the front). (c) File. Used in close terrain, dense vegetation, or limited visibility. (3) Plaon formations. METT-T will determine where crew-served weapons move in the formation. They normally move with the plaon leader so he can quickly establish a base of fire. (a) Column. Primary plaon formation--used unless METT-T dictates otherwise. (b) Plaon line, squads on line. Used when the plaon leader wants all soldiers on line for maximum firepower forward. Used when the enemy situation is known. (c) Plaon line, squads in column. Used when the plaon leader dots not want everyone forward, but wants be prepared for contact such as near the objective. (d) Plaon Vee. Used when enemy situation is vague, but contact is expected the front. (e) Plaon wedge. Used when enemy situation is vague and contact is not expected. (f) Plaon file. Used when visibility is poor due terrain or light. b. Movement Techniques. Leaders choose a movement technique based on their mission analysis of METT-T and likelihood of enemy contact. 19

20 (1) Traveling. Used when contact is not likely and speed is important. (2) Traveling overwatch. Used when contact is possible but speed is important. (3) Bounding overwatch. Used when contact is likely or imminent and speed is not important. c. Foot Marches. When moving along a road in a relatively secure area, the plaon will move with one tile on each side of the road. Fire teams are not split up. There will be 3 5 meters between soldiers and meters between plaons. (1) The normal rate of march for an 8-hour march is 4 kmph. The interval and rate of march depend on the length of the march, time allowed, likelihood of enemy contact (ground, air, artillery), terrain and weather, condition of the soldiers, and the weight of the soldiers' load. (2) A 15-minute rest will be conducted at the end of the first 45 minutes of a road march. During this halt, the aidman and squad leaders will check the soldiers' feet and report the physical condition of the soldiers the plaon leader and plaon sergeant. Thereafter, a 10-minute rest is conducted every 50 minutes. 2. ACTIONS AT HALTS. During halts, security is posted and all approaches in the plaon's area are covered by key weapons. The plaon sergeant moves forward through the plaon, checking security as he goes, and meets the plaon leader determine the reason for the halt. a. During halts of 30 seconds or less, the soldiers drop one knee and cover their assigned secr. b. During halts longer than 30 seconds, a cigar-shaped perimeter is formed, and the soldiers assume the prone position. 3. ACTIONS ON CONTACT. On contact, the plaon executes the appropriate battle drill. a. React Contact. b. Break Contact. c. React Ambush. 20

21 ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. OFFENSE. The plaon leader receives the mission from the company commander. a. Preparation (1) The plaon leader conducts a mission analysis (see operations section). (2) The plaon leader issues a warning order. (3) The plaon members concurrently perform readiness, maintenance, and functional checks under the supervision of their leaders. The chain of command checks weapons, night observation devices, communications equipment, NBC equipment, and any special equipment. (4) Weapons will be test fired if the situation permits. (5) The plaon leader makes his tentative plan. (6) The plaon initiates movement as required--quartering party, selected elements, or the entire plaon. (7) The plaon conducts required reconnaissance--determines location, strength, disposition, and activity of the enemy, and accurate in formation on the terrain (OCOKA). (8) Based on METT-T considerations, intelligence from the reconnaissance, and other sources, the plaon leader completes the plan. If time is available, he always gives a briefback the commander before issuing the order. (9) The plaon leader issues his order his subordinates providing them with adequate time develop their plans, brief the soldiers, and conduct rehearsals. (10) The PSG requests CSS assets. (11) The plaon leader or responsible representative coordinates with higher, supporting, and adjacent units: Fire plans. Scheme of maneuver. Current intelligence. Control measures. Communications and signals. Time schedules. Support requirements. (12) The plaon leader supervises mission preparation. Subordinate leaders conduct briefbacks of the plan ensure his intent is undersod. Key plaon actions are rehearsed as time permits. Certain rehearsals should take place before the OPORD (wise use of time). First priority for rehearsals is actions on the objective. 21

22 (13) The plaon leader plans for sustainment of combat operations. (a) Plaon leader, plaon sergeant, squad leaders determine ammunition requirements and other supply needs. (b) Plaon leader issues guidance on soldier's load and ensures loads are distributed equally. The combat load includes the fighting load and approach march load. The sustainment load includes the equipment required for sustained operations and are sred by the battalion at the BSA and brought forward as needed. (c) Plaon leader/plaon sergeant determine the transportation needed support the operation and request it. (d) Plaon sergeant coordinates with the lsg, supply sergeant, and XO for support. He distributes supplies according the plan. (e) Plaon leader establishes and enforces a rest plan for all plaon members, particularly for key personnel. (14) Plaon continues conduct reconnaissance during operation. (15) The plaon leader monirs the actions of higher, adjacent, and supporting units. (16) The plaon leader issues orders or modifies original plan as needed. (17) The plaon headquarters reports combat critical information higher, adjacent, and supporting units: SALUTE on enemy contact. Terrain information. Changes in plaon actions from the plan. Changes in the friendly situation (including attachments). Initiation of action by the plaon. CS or CSS requests required execute tasks. Friendly information from other units that higher headquarters cannot monir b. Execution. The two types of attacks are hasty and deliberate. (1) Hasty attack. When the plaon or squad makes unexpected contact with the enemy, the plaon or squad executes the contact drill. Deploy. Establish a base of fire. Find the enemy flank, gap, or weak point. Suppress the enemy. Attack through the flank, gap, or weak point. Report the commander. 22

23 (2) Deliberate attack. A planned attack against the enemy. (a) The plaon leader organizes the plaon for the attack--assault element and support element. (b) The plaon positions for the assault. The plaon leader, PSG, or squad leader reconnoiter the tentative support position, establish local security, ensure the position provides observation of the objective and overwatch for the assault element. The support element moves by a covered and concealed route in the support position. The support element occupies the support position. The plaon sergeant and squad leaders assign covered and concealed positions, secrs of fire, and necessary fire control measures. The enemy positions are located. All weapons are oriented along secrs of fire ward the enemy positions. The support element overwatches the assault element's movement. The support element maintains continuous communications with the assault element. If possible, the support element maintains observation of the assault element and its route. The support element ensures the assault element's route does not cross in the support positions' secrs of fire. The support element alerts the plaon leader of any movement on the objective or change in the enemy situation. The support element suppresses the objective with direct or indirect fires. The plaon leader leads the assault element in the last covered and concealed position before the objective. The assault element uses smoke, if available, cover its movement. The assault element ensures it does not move in the support element's secr of fire. The plaon leader or FO calls for preparary indirect fire on the objective. The plaon leader ensures all elements are in position before beginning the assault. (c) The plaon performs the assault. The plaon leader signals lift or shift the suppressive fires of the support element. (Primary signal is FM radio; alternate signal is visual.) The support element lift or shifts fires and continues observe the objective. The assault element begins deliver suppressive fire on the objective once the support element shifts fire. The assault element assaults the objective from the flank, a gap, or a known weakness. The assault element tights through the objective using available cover and concealment, appropriate movement techniques, and appropriate battle drills. On order, the support element moves on the objective and clears the objective of any remaining enemy. (d) The plaon consolidates, then reorganizes. (Many events that occur during consolidation and reorganization will be concurrent.) c. Consolidation. 23

24 (1) The plaon occupies a hasty fighting position and prepares for counterattack. (a) The plaon leader assigns the squad secrs of fire. (b) The squad leaders assign positions and secrs of fire. (c) The plaon leader positions key weapons systems. (2) The plaon leader positions OPs provide security and early warning. d. Reorganization. (1) The plaon leader reestablishes the chain of command and fills key positions: PSG, squad leaders, and team leaders. Machine gunners. Dragon gunners. RATELOs. M203 gunners. FSO. (2) The plaon leader establishes communications with the company commander, adjacent units, and battalion (3) Leaders redistribute ammunition and equipment. (a) The squad leaders give the ACE report the plaon leader. (b) The plaon leader reports the status higher headquarters and requests any required resupply. (c) The PSG redistributes ammunition and equipment between the squads as necessary. KIA. (4) The plaon evacuates casualties. The plaon handles all EPWs IAW the five S's. The plaon evacuates all 2. DEFENSE. The plaon leader receives the operations order from the company commander. a. Preparation of the Defense. (1) The plaon leader performs a mission analysis and issues a warning order the plaon. (2) Plaon members begin performing readiness, maintenance, and functions checks on all assigned weapons and equipment. (3) The plaon leader makes an estimate of the situation and a tentative plan. (4) The plaon leader and squad leaders conduct a leader's reconnaissance. They check for past or present enemy activity. They determine the enemy's most probable course of action. They confirm or adjust the tentative plan. Squad positions. 24

25 Key weapons positions. CP and OP locations. (5) The plaon sergeant does an initial inspection of all the plaon's weapons and assigned equipment. (6) The plaon leader completes the plan and issues the plaon operations order. (7) The plaon sergeant ensures the plaon has a basic load of Class I, IV, V, and VIII. (8) The plaon sergeant requests additional Class I, IV, V, and VIII be brought forward the plaon battle position. (9) All plaon members camouflage themselves and their equipment. (10) The plaon leader conducts adjacent unit coordination. (11) The plaon test fires all assigned weapons. (12) The plaon leader conducts the final inspection. (13) The plaon conducts rehearsals. The most critical tasks are rehearsed first. Movement alternate and subsequent positions is rehearsed. When possible, a full-force rehearsal is conducted. If the plaon is designated as a reserve, it rehearses those actions as stated in the OPORD. As a minimum, briefback rehearsals are conducted with key leaders. (14) The plaon begins movement the plaon battle position. b. Execution. (1) The plaon sps at the last covered and concealed position before the plaon battle position. (2) The plaon leader and squad leaders move forward the battle position. They ensure there has been no change the enemy situation. They clear the area and establish local security. (3) The plaon leader assigns squad battle positions and secrs of fire, locations of the PEWS and the M8 chemical alarm, and positioning of key weapons systems. (4) The plaon leader returns the plaon and leads them the plaon battle position. The squad leaders guide their squads in their squad battle positions. The squad leaders assign temporary positions and secrs of fire. (5) The plaon leader coordinates for indirect fire. (6) The plaon begins executing priorities of work. defense. fire. (a) Establish security. As a minimum, each squad has one OP forward of its position during preparation of the (b) Position key weapons. The plaon leader positions the plaon's key weapons and assigns them secrs of 25

26 (c) Position squads. The plaon leader verities each squad's position and assigns the squad a secr of fire. The squad leader assigns individual fighting positions and secrs of fire. (d) Establish communications. As a minimum, the plaon establishes a hot loop wire net. (e) Coordinate with adjacent units. Each squad coordinates with the squad on its left ensuring all secrs of fire are interlocking and all dead space is covered by indirect fire. (f) Clear fields of fire. Each position clears its secrs of fire. (g) Prepare range cards. Each gunner prepares an original and one copy of the range card. The original copy remains with the weapon, and the copy is turned in the squad leader. (h) Prepare squad secr sketches. The squad leaders prepare an original and one copy of the secr sketch. The original remains in the squad CP, and the copy is turned in the plaon leader. As a minimum, the squad secr sketch includes-- Key terrain within the squad secr. Each individual fighting position and its primary and secondary secrs of fire. Key weapons positions and their primary secr of fire, secondary secr of fire, and any fire control measures. All CP and OP locations. All dead space within the squad secr. Any obstacles and mines within the squad secr. (i) Prepare plaon secr sketch. The plaon leader prepares an original and one copy of the secr sketch. The original remains in the plaon CP, and the copy is turned in the company commander. As a minimum, the plaon secr sketch includes-- Squad positions and secrs of fire. Key weapons positions and their secrs of fire and fire control measures. CPs, OPs, and patrol routes. Plaon maximum engagement lines. All dead space within the plaon secr. All mines and obstacles within the plaon secr. Any TRPs or FPFs within the plaon secr. (j) Prepare fighting positions. (k) Emplace minefields and obstacles. Prepare IAW the company or battalion obstacle plan. (l) Establish fire control measures. Establish and mark all required fire control measures. (m) Assign alternate and supplementary battle positions. The plaon leader assigns each squad and key weapons system an alternate and a supplementary battle position. 26

27 (n) Improve fighting positions. (o) Prepare alternate and supplementary positions. (p) Establish a rest plan. (7) The plaon conducts a rehearsal. (a) Movement from primary positions alternate and supplementary position. (b) Initial engagements at trigger lines and TRPs. (c) Casualty evacuation. (d) Any planned counterattacks. (8) The plaon sergeant sckpiles additional Class I, V, and VIII. (9) If time allows, communications trenches are dug between positions and CPs. (10) As time allows, the plaon's positions are continually improved. c. React Indirect Fire. (1) When in defensive positions, soldiers seek the protection of their fighting positions. (Fighting positions require a minimum of 18 inches of overhead cover provide protection from artillery rounds impacting nearby.) (2) While moving or halted in unprotected positions, soldiers immediately assume prone positions. After the initial incoming rounds impact, the plaon leader determines the extent of the impact area (its length and width) and the nearest edge out of it (still heading roughly in the direction of travel, if possible). Then, he gives the direction and distance move out of the impact area (for example, Two o'clock, two hundred meters, follow me ). (3) Leaders report and continue the mission. NOTE: In some cases, the plaon may immediately don protective masks. If shells with other than an HE burst (for example, smoke) or if there is an indication of a chemical attack, the plaon should mask. d. Consolidation. (1) The plaon leader adjusts squad positions, if required, and reassigns secrs of fire. The squad leaders and team leaders adjust positions cover assigned secrs of fire. The plaon leader adjusts crew-served weapons cover most dangerous avenues of approach. (2) The plaon leader positions OPs provide security and early warning. e. Reorganization. (1) The plaon reestablishes the chain of command and fills key positions: 27

28 (a) Plaon leader, plaon sergeant, squad leaders, and team leaders. (b) Key weapons: machine guns, M203s, antiarmor. (2) The plaon establishes communications with the company commander, the adjacent units, the battalion FSO, and the squads. (3) Leaders redistribute ammunition and equipment. The plaon leader receives ACE report from squad leaders. The plaon leader reports the status the company commander and requests any supplies that are required. The plaon sergeant redistributes ammunition and equipment among the squads. (4) The plaon evacuates casualties, handles all EPWs IAW the five S's, and evacuates KIA. (5) The plaon repairs fighting positions as required. 28

29 APPENDIX 1 (ASSEMBLY AREA PROCEDURES) ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP When directed occupy an assembly area, the plaon leader designates a quartering party. Each squad will provide two men for the quartering party. The plaon sergeant or selected NCO will be in charge of the quartering party. 1. The quartering party reconnoiters the assembly area ensure no enemy are present and establish initial security. 2. The quartering party determines initial positions for all plaon elements. 3. The quartering party provides security by forcing enemy reconnaissance probes withdraw and providing early warning of an enemy attack. 4. As the plaon clears the release point, quartering party members, waiting in covered and concealed positions, move out and guide the plaon its initial position without halting. 5. The plaon establishes and maintains local security. The plaon leader assigns each squad a secr of the perimeter ensure mutual support and cover all gaps by observation and fire. The plaon leader designates OPs and squad leaders select OP personnel. OPs have communications with the plaon CP. OPs warn the plaon of enemy approach before the plaon is attacked. 6. The plaon leader establishes a priority of work, include-- a. Positioning of crew-served weapons, chemical agent alarms, and designating PDF, FPL, and FPFs. b. Constructing individual and crew served fighting positions. c. Setting up wire communications between the squads and the plaon CP. (Radio silence is observed by the plaon) d. Preparing range cards. e. Camouflaging positions f. Clearing fields of fire g. Distributing ammo., rations, water, supplies, and special equipment. h. Conducting preventative checks and services on weapons and equipment. I. Preparing dragon night sight. J. Inspecting plaon members and equipment. k. Rehearsing critical aspects of the upcoming mission. l. Test firing small - arms weapons (As tactical situation permits). m. Conducting personal hygiene and field sanitation. 29

30 n. Instituting a rest plan. o. Completing the work priorities as time permits. 7. The plaon leader conducts adjacent unit coordination. The plaon leader assigns security patrols, if applicable. The plaon leader establishes responsibility for the overlapping enemy avenues of approach between adjacent squads and plaons. The leaders ensure there are no gaps between elements. The plaon leader exchanges information on OP locations and signals. The plaon leader coordinates counterattacks. 8. The plaon leader forwards a copy of the secr sketch the company commander and keeps one for plaon use. 30

31 APPENDIX 2 (PATROLLING PLANNING) ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. ORGANIZATION: a. Headquarters Element b. Aid and Litter Team c. Enemy Prisoner of War Team d. Surveillance Team e. Enroute Recorder f. Compass Man g. Pace Man 2. INITIAL PLANNING and COORDINATION: a. With Higher HQ b. With FFU c. Adjacent Patrol Leaders 3. COMPLETION OF THE PLAN: a. Essential and Supporting Tasks b. Key Travel and Execution Times c. Primary and Alternate Routes d. Signals e. Challenge and Password Forward of Friendly Line f. Location of Leaders g. Actions on Enemy Contact h. Contingency Plans 4. DEPARTURE FROM FRIENDLY LINES a. Coordination b. Planning 5. RALLY POINTS a. Selection of Rally Points b. Types of Rally Points (1) Initial Rally Point (2) En Route Rally Point (3) Objective Rally Point (4) Reentry Rally Point (5) Near and Far - Side Rally Points 6. LEADER S RECONNAISSANCE OF THE OBJECTIVE 7. REENTRY OF FRIENDLY LINES 8. DEBRIEFING 31

32 APPENDIX 3 (PATROLLING: PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES; FRIENDLY UNIT COORDINATION) ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP 1. PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES: a. Establish Security b. Alert Plan c. Withdrawal Plan d. Maintenance Plan e. Sanitation and Personal Hygiene Plan f. Mess Plan g. Water Resupply 2. FRIENDLY UNIT COORDINATION: 1. Patrol Leader a. Identifies Self and Unit b. Size of Patrol c. Time of Departure and Return d. Area of Patrol s Operation 2. Forward Unit Representative a. Information on Terrain b. Known or Suspected Enemy Positions c. Likely Enemy Ambush Sites d. Latest Enemy Activity e. Detailed Information on Friendly Position and Obstacles f. Location of Operations g. Friendly Unit Fire Plan h. Support the FFU Can Provide 3. Leader Action Sequence a. Contact Friendly Guides at Contact Point b. Move Coordinated Initial Rally Point c. Complete Final Coordination d. Move and Thru Passage Point e. Establish Security - Listening Halt Beyond Forward Friendly Unit s FPF 32

33 APPENDIX 4 (CONDUCT AN AMBUSH AND HASTY AMBUSH) ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP CONDUCT AN AMBUSH: 1. Planning Considerations a. Covering the Entire Kill Zone by Fire b. Use Existing Obstacles Keep Enemy in the Kill Zone c. Protecting the Assault and Support Elements With Mines, Claymores, or Explosives d. Using Security Teams Isolate the Kill Zone e. Assaulting In the Kill Zone Search Dead and Wounded, Assemble Prisoners, and Collect Equipment f. Timing the Actions of all Elements of the Plaon Preclude Loss of Surprise g. Using only one Squad Conduct the Entire Ambush and Rotating Squads Over Time From the ORP. 2. Formations a. Linear b. L - Shaped CONDUCT A HASTY AMBUSH 1. Patrol Member Alerts Patrol That Enemy is in Sight and Gives Direction from the Plaon. 2. Patrol Halts and Remains Motionless 3. Leader Decides Conduct Hasty Ambush 4. Leader Gives Hand and Arm Signals Move Personnel Covered and Concealed Positions and Designate Kill Zone 5. Security Elements Emplaced Front and Rear 6. Patrol Leader Initiates Ambush 7. Assault Element Moves In Kill Zone and Conducts Hasty Search of Enemy Soldiers 8. Security Elements Rejoin Patrol 9. Withdraw From the Ambush Site and Return the ORP 10. Collect and Disseminate Information 11. Reorganizes As Needed and Continues the Mission 33

34 APPENDIX 5 (AREA RECONNAISSANCE, ACTIONS ON CAPTURING POW S, LAND NAVIGATION, RANGE CARD PREPARATION, AND BREACHING (SOSR)) ANNEX C (OPERATIONS) INFANTRY PLATOON TACTICAL SOP A. AREA RECONNAISSANCE 1. Occupy Objective Rally Point 2. Emplace Security Team at ORP As Needed 3. Conduct A Leader s Recon. 4. Issue FRAGO at ORP 5. Conduct Recon. 6. Return ORB 7. Gather/Report Information 8. Disseminate Information all Patrol Members B. ACTIONS ON CAPTURING POW S 1. Search 2. Segregate 3. Silence 4. Speed 5. Safeguard C. LAND NAVIGATION 1. Back Azimuth a. Greater than 180 degrees subtract 180 b. Less than 180 degrees add G-M Angle Conversion a. Westerly G-M Angle (1) Grid Magnetic - Add G-M Angle (2) Magnetic Grid - Subtract G-M Angle b. Easterly G-M Angle (1) Grid Magnetic - Subtract G-M Angle (2) Magnetic Grid - Add G-M Angle 3. INTERSECTION: To Locate an Unknown Point a. Orient Map Using Compass b. Locate and Mark Your Position on the Map c. Determine Magnetic Azimuth From Your Position Unknown Point Using Compass d. Convert the Magnetic Azimuth a Grid Azimuth e. Plot the Grid Azimuth From Your Position in the Direction of the Unknown Point f. Move a Second Known Position and Repeat Steps c, d, e. g. The Unknown Point is Where the Lines Intersect on the Map 4. RESECTION: To Locate Your Own Position 34

35 a. Orient Map Using Compass b. Locate two Known Points on the Ground and Mark Them on Your Map c. Measure the Magnetic Azimuth one of the Known Locations d. Convert the Magnetic Azimuth a Grid Azimuth e. Convert the Grid Azimuth a Back Azimuth f. Use a Protracr Plot the Azimuth and Draw a Line From the Known Point Your Location g. Repeat Steps c, d, e, f For the Second Known Point h. Your Location is Where the Lines Cross D. RANGE CARD PREPARATION: (Refer page 2-76 of FM 7-8, Infantry Plaon Operations) 1. Fill in the Marginal Information at the Top of the Card 2. Draw Weapon Symbol in the Center of the Small Circle 3. Draw Left and Right Limits 4. Determine Value for Each Circle 5. Draw all TRPs and Reference Points Consecutively 6. Draw Read Space 7. Draw Maximum Engagement Line for Anti - Armor Weapons 8. Number Weapon Reference Point Last or Determine 8 Digit Grid Coordinate 9. Fill in Data Section at the Botm of the Card E. BREACHING (SOSR) 1. Suppress the Enemy Allow the Breach Element Create a Breach 2. Obscure the Breach Site From Enemy Observation 3. Secure the Breach Site, Execute the Breach, and Secure the Far Side 4. Reduce the Obstacle Facilitate Movement of Follow on Forces 35

36 ANNEX D (NBC) INFANTRY TACTICAL SOP 1. REACT TO NUCLEAR ATTACK. All soldiers assigned the plaon react an unwarned nuclear attack by doing the following: a. Immediately drop a prone position and close their eyes. Turn their bodies so their heads face ward the blast. Place their thumbs in their ears. Cover their faces with their hands. Place their arms under their bodies. Tuck their heads down in their shoulders and keep their faces downward. b. Remain in the prone position until the second blast wave passes, and the debris has spped falling. c. Check themselves and their buddies for injuries and damage assigned equipment. d. Give first aid any casualties and prepare them for evacuation. e. Report the situation higher headquarters using the NBC 1 report. 2. REACT TO CHEMICAL ATTACK. All soldiers assigned the plaon reacts a chemical attack by doing the following: a. Sp breathing. b. Within 9 seconds, put on their protective masks. c. Within an additional 6 seconds, pull their hoods over their heads. d. Shout Gas; and give the appropriate arm-and-hand signal. 3. UNMASKING PROCEDURES. Selected soldiers use the M256 kit determine if the area is clear. If the area is clear, the plaon leader selects two soldiers and begins unmasking procedures. He moves the soldiers a shady area and has the soldiers unmask for 5 minutes. He observes soldiers for 10 minutes. If no sympms occur, he reports higher headquarters; based on the response, he issues all clear. He continues observe soldiers for delayed reactions. 4. HASTY DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES. The plaon leader ensures each soldier has one M258 personal decontamination kit. Each soldier decontaminates himself and his equipment IAW instruction on the M258 kit. 5. MOPP GEAR EXCHANGE. MOPP gear exchange is always conducted in buddy teams in the following sequence: Decontaminate protective mask and hood. Remove overgarment, overboots and gloves, and undergarment. Put on undergarment, overgarment, and overboots and gloves. Secure protective mask hood. 36