Characterizing U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Production

Transcription

1 Characterizing U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Production Daniel Pick, Chief & Agnes Perez, Agricultural Economist Specialty Crops and Fibers Branch

2 The Fruit and Vegetable Industry n n n Census of Agriculture reports area and production for over 1 fruit and vegetable commodities or groups of commodities. Some are annuals and some are perennials. Some grown for direct consumption, such as fresh-market apples, grapes, and tomatoes, while others for processing into products such as orange juice, tomato sauce, and frozen sweet corn.

3 U.S. Farm Cash Receipts for Crops 18% 7% 15% 9% 23% 24% 26% 3% 16% 6% 16% 1% Food grains Cotton & tobacco Fruit & vegetables 23-5 Feed crops Oil crops Other crops Food grains Feed crops Cotton & tobacco Oil crops Fruit & vegetables Other crops Source: USDA, Economic Research Service, Farm Income and Costs Briefing Room.

4 Vegetable Crops With Highest Farm Cash Receipts Potatoes Lettuce Tomatoes Mushrooms Onions Sweet corn All peppers Broccoli Carrots Dry Beans Average Billion $ Source: Economic Research Service, USDA.

5 Fruit and Tree Nut Crops With Highest Farm Cash Receipts Grapes Oranges Apples Almonds Straw berries Peaches Cherries Walnuts Grapefruit Pecans Average Source: Economic Research Service, USDA. Billion $

6 Factors driving the upward trend in U.S. fruit and vegetable production over the last 5 years n n n Improvements in production management and technology Growth in domestic consumption Expansion in export sales

7 Number of Fruit and Vegetable Farms in the United States 14, 12, , 8, 6, 4, 2, Pulses Potatoes* Vegetables** Tree fruit Berries * Includes sweet potatoes. ** Includes dried herbs. Source: 22 Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

8 Harvested Acres of U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Farms Million acres Pulses Potatoes* Land used for vegetables** * Includes sweet potatoes. ** Includes dried herbs. Land in orchards Berries Source: Census of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

9 Growth in U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Production Slows in Recent Years 1, short tons 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, vegetables fruit and nuts Sources: Citrus Fruits Summary, Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts Summary, Vegetables, Crop Production, and Mushrooms, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

10 Factors slowing production growth: n n n Weather and disease problems Global competition Competition with urban land development

11 Average U.S. Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables Pounds per person, farm-weight fruit & nuts vegetables* *Melons, dry peas & lentils, dry beans, and mushrooms are included. Source: Calculated by Economic Research Service, USDA.

12 U.S. Per Capita Consumption of Vegetables and Melons Pulses--1.6% Sweet potatoes--1.% Mushrooms--.9% Canning--22.7% Freezing--4.8% Fresh--39.1% All potatoes--29.8% *Average product share Source: Calculated by Economic Research Service, USDA.

13 Harvested Acres in the U.S. Vegetable and Melon Industry 1, acres 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1, Fresh-market Processing Potatoes Dry beans Melons Source: Vegetables and Crop Production, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

14 Harvested Area for Select Fresh- Market Vegetables and Melons 1, acres Sweet corn Head lettuce Onions Leaf/Romaine Watermelon Broccoli Tomatoes Cantaloupe Carrots Cabbage Source: Vegetables Annual Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

15 Harvested Acres of Select Processing Vegetables 1, acres Sweet corn Tomatoes Green peas Snap beans Cucumbers Carrots Source: Vegetables Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

16 Fresh Vegetable Production Increasing Slowly* 1, Short tons 3, 25, Processing Fresh 2, 15, 1, 5, *Fresh output includes melons; Both fresh and processing excludes potatoes, sweet potatoes, pulses, and mushrooms. Source: Vegetables, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

17 Production of Select Fresh-Market Vegetables and Melons 1, cwt 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Onions Head lettuce Tomatoes Leaf/Romaine Watermelon Sweet corn Cabbage Carrots Cantaloupe Broccoli Source: Vegetables Annual Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

18 Production of Select Processing Vegetables 1, short tons 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, , Tomatoes Sweet corn Snap beans Cucumbers Green peas Carrots Source: Vegetables Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

19 Land Used for Vegetables, 22 Source: Prepared by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 22 Census of Agriculture.

20 Share of Hired Workers in U.S. Vegetable and Melon Farms: Top 1 States* Percent California Florida 11.4 Washington Idaho Arizona Michigan Oregon Georgia New York Colorado * Combined share accounted for 71 percent of total in 22. Source: Calculated by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from 22 Census of Agriculture, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

21 Hired Versus Contract Labor As A Share of Wages in U.S. Vegetable and Melon Farms* Percent Hired Contract California Florida Arizona Washington Idaho Georgia Oregon New York Michigan Colorado *Top 1 States accounted for 81 percent of total wages in 22. Source: Calculated by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from 22 Census of Agriculture, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

22 U.S. Per Capita Fruit and Tree Nuts Consumption* Frozen--2% Tree nuts--1% Canned--6% Dried--3% Wine-- 11% Juice--42% Fresh--35% *Average product share Source: Calculated by Economic Research Service, USDA.

23 Mil. tons U.S. Fruit Production in Declines in Recent Years Noncitrus 1996 Citrus P P = Preliminary. Source: Citrus Fruit Summary and Noncitrus Fruit and Nuts Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

24 Fruit and Tree Nuts Bearing Acreage 1, acres 2,5 2, Noncitrus 1,5 Citrus 1, 5 Tree nuts P P = preliminary. Source: Citrus Fruits Summary and Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

25 Product Composition of U.S. Noncitrus Fruit Production* 9% 9% 4% 2% 39% 12% 25% Fresh Wine Dried Juice Canned Frozen Other * Based on 25 utilized production of 18,299, short tons, fresh-equivalent. Source: Noncitrus Fruit and Nuts Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

26 Composition of Major U.S. Citrus Fruit Production Total citrus Oranges Grapefruit Processed Fresh Lemons Percent Source: Citrus Fruit Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

27 U.S. Land in Orchards, 22 Source: Prepared by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 22 Census of Agriculture.

28 U.S. Berry Acres, 22 Source: Prepared by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, 22 Census of Agriculture.

29 Share of Hired Workers in U.S. Fruit and Tree Nut Farms: Top 5 States* Percent California Washington Oregon Florida Michigan * Combined share accounted for 86 percent of total in 22. Source: Calculated by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from 22 Census of Agriculture, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

30 Hired Versus Contract Labor As A Share of Wages in U.S. Fruit and Tree Nut Farms* Percent 1 Hired Contract California Washington Florida Oregon Hawaii *Top 5 States accounted for 89 percent of total wages in 22. Source: Calculated by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from 22 Census of Agriculture, USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service.

31 Change In Bearing Acreage of Select U.S. Fruit and Tree Nuts 1, acres 1, Grapes Oranges P Apples Peaches Grapefruit Pears Sweet cherries Strawberries Cranberries Avocados* Almonds Walnuts Pistachios P = preliminary. * Most recent year is 25. Source: Citrus Fruit Summary and Noncitrus Fruit and Nuts Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

32 U.S. Tree Nut Production Grows Mil. tons, in-shell basis P P = Preliminary. Source: Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts Summary, National Agricultural Statistics Service, USDA.

33 U.S. Strawberry Production* Million pounds 2,5 2, 1,5 1, P * Average rate of growth relatively steady at over 4. percent. P=preliminary. Source: Noncitrus Fruit and Nuts Summary, NASS, USDA.

34 U.S. Production of Other Berries Also Expanding Million pounds Blueberries Raspberries Blackberries Cranberries P Average rate of increase in production (percent) Period Blueberries Raspberries Cranberries Blackberries 199s * 2s P=Preliminary. Source: Noncitrus Fruits and Nuts Summary, NASS, USDA.

35 U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Trade* Million dollars 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Imports Exports *Excludes wine, essential oils, malt beverages, cut flowers, and nursery stock. Source: Prepared by USDA, Economic Research Service using data from U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau.

36 Import share of total domestic fruit and vegetable disappearance* Percen t Fruit & tree nuts All vegetables *Fresh and processing. Vegetables includes melons and fruit includes bananas and olives. Source: USDA, Economic Research Service.

37 Imports share of total domestic fresh fruit and vegetable disappearance Percent Vegetables Fruit Fruit, without bananas Source: USDA, Economic Research Service.