Programming C Sockets
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1 Programming C Sockets Stefan Guna guna@disi.unitn.it 1
2 Introduction Why do we need them? TCP and UDP are the basis of any networked application IP is standardized by RFCs and implemented in the operating systems application sockets TCP UDP application sockets TCP UDP a socket = the end- point of a process- to- process communication flow across an IP based network IP hardware IP hardware communication: connection- oriented connection- less 2
3 Introduction Stream sockets stream socket = virtual circuit between two processes the connection is: sequenced reliable bi- directional uniquely identified by the IP addresses and port numbers (remote and local) setup by: a server that awaits for connections a client that connects to a server 3
4 Introduction Stream sockets listen() accept() connect() Server Client 4
5 Introduction Create the socket Stream sockets listen() accept() connect() Server Client 4
6 Introduction Create the socket Bind to IP address and port Stream sockets listen() accept() connect() Server Client 4
7 Introduction Create the socket Bind to IP address and port Stream sockets Start listening listen() accept() connect() Server Client 4
8 Introduction Create the socket Bind to IP address and port Stream sockets Start listening listen() accept() connect() Blocking wait for connection Server Client 4
9 Create the socket Bind to IP address and port Introduction Stream sockets Create the socket Start listening listen() accept() connect() Blocking wait for connection Server Client 4
10 Create the socket Bind to IP address and port Start listening Introduction Stream sockets listen() accept() connect() Create the socket Connect to IP address and port Blocking wait for connection Server Client 4
11 Introduction Datagram sockets no distinction between server and client no connection and unreliable the same socket can be used to send/receive datagrams to/from multiple processes 5
12 Introduction Datagram sockets recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 6
13 Introduction Create socket Datagram sockets recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 6
14 Introduction Create socket Datagram sockets Bind to local IP address and port recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 6
15 Create socket Introduction Datagram sockets No binding here, only sending data Bind to local IP address and port recvfrom() sendto() recvfrom() sendto() 6
16 Example 1 Hello World! using TCP clients connects to server server transmits Hello World! client displays the message connection terminates connect "Hello World!" 7
17 Example 1 server: creating the socket #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <sys/types.h> a stream socket otherwise: SOCK_DGRAM int main() { int sockfd; protocol family /* create server-side socket */ sockfd = socket(af_inet, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); using TCP otherwise: IPPROTO_UDP 8
18 Example 1 server: binding the address struct sockaddr_in my_addr; any local my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; /*IPv4 */ address my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(inaddr_any); my_addr.sin_port = htons(2000); bind(sockfd, &my_addr, sizeof(my_addr)); listen(sockfd, MAX_CONNECTIONS); 9
19 Example 1 server: dealing with clients while(1) { struct sockaddr_in client_addr; int client_len = sizeof(client_addr); int client_fd = accept(sockfd, &client_addr, &client_len); a new socket is created for each client } strcpy(buf, "Hello World!"); send(client_fd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, 0); close(client_fd); 10
20 Example 1 client: looking up the server hostname try struct hostent *server_host; server_host = gethostbyname("localhost"); /* configure the server address */ struct sockaddr_in server_addr; server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; memcpy(&server_addr.sin_addr, server_host->h_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr)); server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); 11
21 Example 1 client: the other steps /* create client-side socket */ sockfd = socket(af_inet, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); /* connect to server */ connect(sockfd, &server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); char buf[max_buf]; int len = recv(sockfd, buf, MAX_BUF, 0); printf("received %d bytes: '%s'\n", len, buf); close(sockfd); 12
22 Example 2 Hello World! using UDP client sends an UDP message Hello World! to server the server is almost identical to the TCP version the client does not need to call connect "Hello World!" 13
23 Example 2 server int sockfd = socket(af_inet, SOCK_DGRAM,IPPROTO_UDP); struct sockaddr_in my_addr, client_addr; my_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(inaddr_any) my_addr.sin_port = htons(my_port); the receiver should know who sent the data /* bind it to the local address */ bind(sockfd, &my_addr, sizeof(my_addr)); listen(sockfd, MAX_CONNECTIONS); int client_addr_len; int len = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, MAX_BUF, 0, &client_addr, &client_addr_len); 14
24 Example 2 client struct hostent *server_host; server_host = gethostbyname("localhost"); /* configure the server address */ struct sockaddr_in server_addr; server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 memcpy(&server_addr.sin_addr, server_host->h_addr, sizeof(struct in_addr)); server_addr.sin_port = htons(server_port); int sockfd = socket(af_inet, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP); /* send a message */ strcpy(buf, "Hello World!"); sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf) + 1, 0, &server_addr, sizeof (server_addr)); 15
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