Major trends worldwide, overview of aquaculture production

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1 Ornamental Fish Product/Market Report The trade in live aquatic ornamental animals for the aquarium trade is a global multi-million dollar industry, which economic incentives for habitat conversation. It is widely believed that the trade in wild-caught freshwater and marine aquarium species, if managed sustainably, can present a valuable opportunity for income generation. Species are classified in the following categories: Tropical Freshwater tropical Coldwater The collection and aquaculture of aquarium fish The vast majority of ornamental fishes in the acquarium trade is of freshwater origin and farmraised. Countries traditionally specializing in breeding and propagation of freshwater ornamental fishes are Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, China, Malaysia, and Japan. More recently the culture of ornamental fish are now cultivated in countries such as the Czeh Republic, Spain, Israel, Belgium, and Holland. Producing fish close to consumer centers is becoming more profitable because transport costs are greatly reduced. Fishes are typically raised in small vats and outdoor-ponds, usually in conjunction with indoor facilities. There is a growing interest in the cultivation of ornamental fish in indoor facilities using water recurculation sysrems. Major trends worldwide, overview of aquaculture production 1

2 Global total production of fish, crustaceans and mollucs has continued to increase and reached 144,6 million tons in The value of aquaculture production was estimated at USD 105,3 billion in China and Peru rank in the first two places since 1999 followed by Indonesia since In 2009 China generated 62,5% of the world aquaculture production of fish, crustaceans and molluscs. Inland fisheries and aquaculture in the enlarged Europe The European freshwater fisheries play a minor role in World fisheries as regards to quantity of catches or the volume of fish produced in farms. Nevertheless methods and management objectives are the most diversified among all the fishing areas of the world. We can divide fisheries in three categories: Commercial fisheries Recreational fisheries Aquaculture Commercial fisheries:where the stock is exploited for commercial gain either through provision of food fish, fish for further rearing, fish for stock enhancement, or provision of brood stock. Commercial fisheries in waters of our continent show a downward trend in catch. This is due to the following factors: 2

3 Decreasing importance of fis has an essential local source of food Increasing operational costs which lead to decreased profitability Increasing alternative uses of water Pollutions and habitat degradations Constraint of nature conservation character Increasing international trade in freshwater fish, by the help of which fish from aquaculture is supplied to traditional markets of commercial capture fisheries. The only positive trend is the increasing importance of fis has local gastronomic specialities, especially for tourism. In spite of the tendencies outlined above experts agree that commercial fisheries in European waters should be maintained and in some regions even expanded for the following reasons: As the only practical way of exploiting the resources in larger water bodies As means of maintaining balance within the fish community and in the wider ecological system, As means of improving environmental quality by removal of excess biomass in highly eutrophic waters As an important tool int he protection and management of aquatic environment For the creation of improved conditions for the recreational fisheries To provide local gastronomic and tourist interest Recreational fisheries 3

4 According to different estimates there are about million freshwater sportfishermen in Europe. The frequency of visits to recreational fisheries by fishermen for some countries is known to avarage about 20 visits per year. For 25 million recreational fishermen, this gives a total of about 500 million visits per year to a wide range of freshwater aquatic habitats. Future of inland fisheries The creation of better conditions for sportfishermen will be first priority int he management of inland waters int he enlarged Europe. Stock regulations serving partly the improvement of recreational possibilities, buta t the same time environmental purposes would be the second priority. Supply of different fish species for the local gastronomy helps to maintain fisheries traditions as a cultural heritage. Aquaculture Growing of freshwater acquaculture in Europe is much slower that of the marine aquaculture. There are actually about 50 species of fish cultured in European freshwater aquaculture facilities. Products of the aquaculture sub sector in Europe meet the requirement of a very wide market. There is a core range of conventional species for human consumption and increasingly, processed, added value forms. A wide range of species is produced for stocking in support of commercial and recreational fisheries. A further range of species is produced for ornamental purposes. Freshwater aquaculture can have an important role in rural development, in supporting tourism, and in conserving endangered species. 4

5 Ornamental aquatic life Aquariums filled with brightly coloured fish and other aquatic creatures are fascinating to watch. But it should also be kept in mind that ornamental aquatic organisms are big business and represent an important source of income for many rural and coastal communities in developing countries. The ornamental fish sector is a widespread and global component of international trade, fisheries, aquaculture and development.. The live reef fish trade has two main components live food fish and ornamental aquarium fish. There are environmental concerns regarding the manner in which aquarium and live reef food fish are exploited. The methods for collection and transportation can be wasteful, although for some areas this is one of the few commercially exploitable resources. In 2000 the global total wholesale value of live ornamental fishes both freshwater and marine (live animals for aquarium only) was estimated at US$ 900 million, with an estimated retail value of US$ 3 billion. Asia provided more than 50% of the global total ornamental fish supply. Estimates place the value of the marine ornamental trade a tus$ million per year and the overall value of the marine fish trade, accounts for about 10% of the ornamental fish trade. A total of 1471 species of marine fish are traded world wide, but the 10 most traded species account for about 36% of all fish traded for the years 1997 to

6 Figures prepared in the OATA office using official statistics, show that around 10 million ornamental fish are imported annually throughout the world. The total weight of these fish may lie between tonnes. That figure should be contrasted with the total of 100 million tons of sea fish caught for consumption and 17 million tons of by-catch (waste) that is thrown back into the sea each year by the world s fishing fleets. Southeast Asia is the hub of this trade, supplying up to 85% of the aquarium trade. In 1985 the world export value of the marine aquarium trade was estimated at US$ 25 million to 40 million per year. Since 1985 the value of international trade in exports of ornamentals has increased at an avarage growth rate of approximately 14% per annum. Developing countries account for about two thirds of the total export value. The annual export of marine aquarium fish from Southeast Asia alone was according to 1997 data between 10 million and 30 million fish with a retail value of up to US$ 750 million; the actual value at point of sale is considerably higher. Ornamental marine species (corals, invertebrates and fish) are collected and transported mainly from Southeast Asia, but also increasingly from several island nations int he Indian and Pacific Oceans, to consumers int he main destination markets: the United States, the EU and to a lesser extent Japan. Coral species in seven genera (Euphyllia, Goniopora, Acropora, Plerogyra, Catalaphyllia) are the most popular, accounting for approximately 56% of the live coral trade between 1998 and There were also 61 species of soft coral traded, amounting close to 390,000 pieces per year. 6

7 Such a vast and important industry has the potential to contribute to the economic growth of the states concerned and the sustainable development of aquatic resources, but faces future challanges regarding environmental and social issues. With the levelling off or decline in production from many capture fisheries; people are looking for other ways of harnessing aquatic biodiversity. One useful option is the sustainable harvest and culture of ornamental fishes. People who take pleasure and pride in recreating aquatic habitats in aquaria also tend to be concerned about preserving the natural environment and promoting responsible fishing practises. The influence of consumers, dealers and exporters in promoting environmentally sound harvesting practices can be seen int he reduction of the use of chemicals, such as cyanide. In many developing countries the harvest of fresh and marine ornamental fish provides income in areas where little other options exist for employment. Ornamental fishery resources face a range of challanges: the need for their conversation and sustainable use, the need to ensure that benefits are equitably shared, problems caused by habitat loss and degradation, harmful fishing practices, changes in international trade patterns and concerns about the introduction of exotic species. The majority of freshwater ornamental fish are captive bred compared to only about 25 of a total of 8,000 in case of marine fish. However efforts are being made to breed and domesticate many of the high value marine species. The ornamental fish industry relies heavily on the export and import of introduced species: industry NGO s have taken steps to educate importers, retailers and consumers ont he proper handling of ornamental fish to minimize environmental risks. 7

8 The sector also uses coral, both as dried decoration and as living components of fish tanks. International trade in hard corals is restricted by Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) In addition many soft corals have hard coral bases to which they are attached and as such, the soft corals also become restricted under CITES. Although the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries does not specifically mention ornamental fisheries, they are assumed to be covered by the Code. According to FAO Fisheries Department the ornamental fish trade was becoming an increasingly important enterprise. However, data on this industry was limited. It is known that some of the rare species that were most valuable in trade have been seriously depleted and the threat of extintion existed. 8

9 Import statistics of Hungary Hungary imports in million USD January - December % Share % Change HS Description / , , ,91 -- World ,31 03 Fish And Seafood 34,738 34,578 40,820 0,05 0,04 0,04 18, Live Fish 0,253 0,609 1,190 0,73 1,76 2,92 95, ,8 34,9 Ornamental 0,222 0,176 0, , , Live Ornamental - freshwater 0,159 0,132 0,368 71,7 7 74,82 88, , Live Ornamental -saltwater 0,063 0,044 0,048 28,2 3 25,18 11,6 2 9,15 9

10 Hungary imports live ornamental fish in Million USD January - December % Share % Change Rank Country / World -- 0,1594 0,1316 0, ,52 1 Thailand 0,0364 0,0441 0, ,81 33,51 32,28 169,2 2 Malaysia 0,0012 0,0024 0,0781 0,73 1,86 21, ,22 3 Sri Lanka 0,0115 0,0023 0,0664 7,24 1,75 18, ,95 4 Indonesia 0,0157 0,0182 0,0530 9,87 13,85 14,4 190,61 5 Singapore 0,0360 0,0252 0, ,59 19,14 5,37-21,57 6 Vietnam 0,0265 0,0145 0, ,61 11,05 3,71-6,07 7 Colombia 0,0130 0,0110 0,0090 8,16 8,38 2,44-18,71 8 China 0,0000 0,0000 0, , Tanzania 0,0044 0,0034 0,0025 2,74 2,61 0,68-26,89 10 Brazil 0,0024 0,0041 0,0017 1,48 3,09 0,47-57,33 It is clearly seen from above chart that in this category of products Thailand is far the biggest supplier, following by other Asian countries. It is worthwile to mention that the turnover in the period examined has grown continuously and Thailand practically dominates the market with one third market share. 10

11 Hungary imports live ornamental saltwater fish in Million USD January - December % Share % Change Rank Country / World -- 0,0627 0,0443 0, ,15 1 Indonesia 0,0218 0,0247 0, ,73 55,69 53,59 5,03 2 Sri Lanka 0,0092 0,0110 0, ,75 24,81 33,57 47,69 3 Philippines 0,0101 0,0028 0, ,14 6,37 6,8 16,52 4 Vietnam 0,0006 0,0034 0,0024 1,01 7,57 4,9-29,37 5 Singapore 0,0008 0,0000 0,0006 1,22 0 1, United Kingdom Malaysia Saudi Arabia Thailand Saltwater ornamental fish has much less weight in that segment 11

12 1. Import Tariff Tariff code Name of the product Third country tariff Preferential Tariff Live ornamental fish freshwater no no Live ornamental fish other 7,5% no 12

13 List of traders of ornamental fish and other type of ornamental animals list of traders of ornamental fish and other type of ornamental animals name of the company telephone fax website Hidvégi Imre Akva Csepel Bélabácsi halas üzlete Belo Terrárium Galapagos Bio- Art Stúdió Halpiac Kék Bolygó Akvarisztika Kék Frontosa Akvarisztika Kis Teki terrarisztika Korallszirt- Tengeri Akvarisztika Leguán Diszállatkeresked és Sources of information Ornamental fish FAO WTA TARIC WEB (Hungarian Customs Duty) Thai Trade Center, Budapest Date: 9 th May 2012 Prepared: Vas András 13