What Is the Christian Sabbath? (Abridged) Peter Ditzel

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1 What Is the Christian Sabbath? (Abridged) Peter Ditzel Have you ever wondered what day Christians are to keep? Saturday? Sunday? Or maybe there is no day for Christians to keep. This question, simple as it sounds, has divided Christianity into four camps. 1) The Sunday-Sabbath View. a. Baptists [especially Reformed Baptists], among others [Presbyterians, Reformed Christians, Methodists], have historically held the Sunday- Sabbath view.) b. Christians are to keep the Sabbath because it is part of the moral law, but the day (Saturday) on which it was kept in the Old Testament was ceremonial and changed to Sunday with the resurrection of Jesus Christ on Sunday morning. 2) The Seventh-day Sabbath View. a. Held by Seventh-day Adventists; Seventh-day Baptists; Church of God (Seventh Day); Church of God 7th Day; and splinter groups of the Worldwide Church of God that adhere to the tenets of Herbert W. Armstrong b. Christians are to keep the seventh day (Saturday) as the Sabbath as commanded in the Ten Commandments. 3) The Lord's Day View. a. The official position of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches) b. The Sabbath day belongs to the Old Testament and is past, but Christ, by His resurrection and appearances to His disciples, instituted a new day called the Lord's Day. The Lord's Day is Sunday. c. Some people hold a variation, which stated the Lord's Day was not instituted in the Bible, but should be kept because it was an early church tradition.

2 4) The God's Rest Fulfillment View. What Is the Christian Sabbath? (Abridged). Peter Ditzel Page 2 of 7 a. Similar to 3) in agreeing that the requirement to keep a Sabbath day (whether seventh day or Sunday) ended with the Old Covenant a minority view of small groups of Christians. b. Those with this fourth view believe that the Bible does not enjoin Christians to observe any day. The Sabbath was a shadow and a part of the law pointing to Christ. Christians have now entered God's true rest and no longer need the shadow. The goal of this article is to point out what I believe is the Scriptural and better way to understand the issue of keeping days. BIBLICAL SUPPORT The Sunday-Sabbath and Seventh-day Sabbath Views. The view that the Sabbath was transferred to Sunday, and that Christians are obligated to keep this day as a Sabbath, is called semisabbatarianism. In the 13 th century, the scholastic theologian Albertus Magnus explained how this transfer from one day to another could have happened. The command in the Old Testament to rest on a Sabbath was moral and perpetual, but the day of the week on which this rest was commanded to the Jews was only a symbol subject to change. The Fourth Commandment in Exodus 20:8 11 states: Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work: but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: For in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. Do these verses allow for the Sabbath to be transferred to Sunday? The command says, The seventh day is the Sabbath. It does not say one day in seven is a Sabbath.

3 Page 3 of 7 It specifically names which day is the Sabbath the seventh. It goes on to explain why that day is the day on which to rest: because God made the heavens and the earth in six days and rested the seventh. The commandment makes no distinction between the rest as moral and the day as symbol. The Sabbath command is repeated in Deuteronomy 5: 15 and in Exodus 31:17. As far as these passages are concerned, one must conclude that as long as there is a day to be kept as a Sabbath, it must be the seventh day. By comparison, those who believe that Sunday is the Sabbath point to Jesus' resurrection on Sunday, after His resurrection, meet with His disciples on the first day of the week (John 20:19) and again after eight days (John 20:26). More support comes from Acts 20:7 and 1 Corinthians 16:2. Does Jesus' resurrection on the first day of the week make that day a Sabbath? Proponents say that because Jesus' death and resurrection make possible God's free gift of grace, we can now rest in grace instead of doing the works of the law, and because the Sabbath pictures God's rest, Jesus' resurrection on Sunday shows that God was making Sunday the Sabbath day. But nowhere does the Bible states that Jesus' resurrection changed the Sabbath day. In fact, the Old Testament Sabbath command does not allow for such a change. Semisabbatarianism requires us to assume that God is using various hints to show us that He changed the Sabbath day to Sunday. But there are no clear commands on which to base such an assumption. The Lord's Day View. According to Lord's Day adherents, Christians are not obligated to keep Saturday or Sunday as the Sabbath. But, because His resurrection occurred on the first day of the week, Jesus instituted a new day, the Lord's Day. The evidence used to support this view contains many of the same Scriptures used to support Sunday as a Sabbath. Central to this theory is Jesus Christ's resurrection on Sunday.

4 Page 4 of 7 Adherents to the Lord's Day view say that by His resurrection, Jesus instituted a new day that the church should observe. Yes, Romans 14 indicates that we are certainly free to keep a day, such as Sunday, unto the Lord. But the Bible never states that Jesus actually instituted such a day. There is absolutely nothing in the Bible that equates the Lord's day with Sunday, the first day of the week, or any day of the week. The God's Rest Fulfillment View. I reserved the following Scriptures as positive evidence that God has not instituted any day that He intends Christians must keep. The evidence in these Bible passages is so compelling that even if we ignored everything else, these Scriptures alone prove that there is no Sabbath Day or Lord's Day that Christians must keep. These include Romans 14:5-6: Some people think that a certain day is more important than other days, while others think that all days are the same. We each should firmly make up our own minds. Those who think highly of a certain day do so in honor of the Lord; those who will eat anything do so in honor of the Lord, because they give thanks to God for the food. Those who refuse to eat certain things do so in honor of the Lord, and they give thanks to God. One person believes he needs to observe a day; another person does not observe a day. Each position is okay. God accepts both of these people, and we should not judge, or condemn, either person In Colossians 2:16 17: Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the Sabbath days: which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ. Here Paul is saying that regulations concerning dietary laws and observing festivals, new moons, and all Sabbaths are shadows that are passed, but the substance (body) is Christ's. Therefore, we whose sufficiency is in Christ, who know that no law keeping can

5 Page 5 of 7 add to the salvation Jesus has bought for us, who know that the eating of certain foods and the keeping of certain days can only be indistinct and temporary shadows, should not allow anyone to judge or condemn us for exercising our freedom from dietary regulations and the keeping of days. Even those who say they know they are not adding to their salvation by keeping a day but keep it to please God err. Why should God be pleased with our keeping a shadow when the reality has come? CONCLUSIONS The New Testament neither commands nor implies that Christians keep a particular day or any day at all. Based on biblical information we are not to judge others concerning whether or not they keep a day. Also, we are not to allow ourselves to be judged concerning the keeping of days. Paul called such observations shadows, weak and beggarly elements, and rudiments of the world. Therefore, we must conclude there are no days that Christians must keep. To say that Christians must either keep a particular day or risk their salvation is legalism. To say that God holds the world responsible for keeping a day because it is a creation ordinance is to add a yoke to the world's burden that the Scriptures do not support. To say that Christians are required to keep a particular day or risk God's chastisement is adding to the Word of God, as nothing in the Bible says or implies this. To correct someone for breaking the Sabbath such as scolding a child for kicking a ball on the Sabbath or bringing church discipline against a man for trying to support his family by working on the Sabbath is adding to the Word of God, is being blind to the commands God has really given Christians (1 John 3:23; 4:21), and is risking offending people away from God. All of this judging over days is unscriptural and uncharitable. I believe that the Scriptural position is clearly the Christian s True Rest position. None of the other positions fully

6 Page 6 of 7 agree with the Bible. God does not command, imply, or expect Christians to keep a day. If someone wants to keep a day, that is fine as long as he or she does not do so out of legalism or trying to earn merit with God, is not judging others, is not imposing his or her view on others, and is not adding to the Scriptures by saying there is a command to keep a day when there is not. Today, most Christians in an area, other than those in the same household, would find it difficult or impossible to meet daily. For practical reasons, they should set a convenient day to meet. In most cases, the most convenient day is Sunday because it is the day that more people have off from work. But if another day is more convenient, then they should meet on that day. Some may be able to meet together two or three times a week. We should simply know that God has not specified a day on which to assemble. In Matthew 12:1 8, Mark 2:23 28, and Luke 6:1 5, we find Jesus and His disciples walking through the grain fields one Sabbath. Being hungry, the disciples plucked a few heads of grain to eat. The Pharisees saw in this an opportunity to criticize Jesus for allowing His disciples to do what was unlawful on the Sabbath. Jesus answered them by recalling the example of David, who did that which was not lawful (Matthew 12:4), but was innocent because mercy took precedence (Matthew 12:5 7). Then Jesus said to them, The Son of man is Lord also of the Sabbath' (Luke 6:5). If Jesus is the Lord of the Sabbath, should not we who have Jesus as our Lord keep the Sabbath? Yes, if this is what Jesus told us to do. But Jesus did not tell His followers to keep a Sabbath day. Even in the above verses, Jesus, although speaking while the Pharisees still sat in Moses' seat and were to be obeyed (Matthew 23:2 3), told the Pharisees that there were things that were far more important than obedience to the letter of the law. In fact, one might really be breaking the law by keeping the letter in one point while ignoring a weightier matter, such as mercy, that should take precedent. In Mark and Luke, this incident in the grain field is preceded by Jesus' teaching that new wine must be put in new wineskins, not old. What Jesus brought the New Covenant that is

7 Page 7 of 7 entered by a new birth in which we are given the free gift of faith by which we are justified was so new and radical a concept that the legal ordinances familiar to the Pharisees could not confine it. This truth encompasses the Sabbath. The real rest of God cannot be confined to a physical rest one day each week. Jesus Christ is the real Christian Sabbath. Because he was sinless and His righteousness is imputed to us (2 Corinthians 5:21; Hebrews 4:15), and because He died for our sins (Matthew 26:28; 1 Thessalonians 5:9 10) we have our rest in Him. He is God's rest that we enter by faith.