Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles and other advanced concepts for Biomass Power Generation

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1 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles and other advanced concepts for Biomass Power Generation > Presented at 2nd Annual California Biomass Collaborative Forum Sacramento, California March 1, 2005

2 The Gas Technology Institute > An Independent, Not-for-Profit Research, Development & Deployment Organization Located on an18-acre campus in Des Plaines, Illinois 300 employees

3 GTI Serves the Energy Industry, from the Wellhead to Burnertip Performing: > Contract Research > Program Management > Technical Services & Consulting > Education and Training

4 Biomass Gasification for Power Generation > Integrated Gasification Power: IGCC CHP: engine, micro-turbine, fuel cell Boiler

5 Biomass Power Generation Fluidized Bed Gasification - IGCC Process GASIFIER STEAM TO HRSG HIGH PRESSURE FROM HRSG FILTER CLEAN PRODUCT GAS NATURAL GAS BIOMASS GAS COOLER FUEL HANDLING AND FEEDING CYCLONE FLY ASH AIR GAS TURBINE HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR BED MATERIAL AIR STEAM BOOSTER COMPRESSOR FROM GAS COOLER TO GAS COOLER STACK STEAM TURBINE BOTTOM ASH HEAT PRODUCTION OR CONDENSER Figure 1

6 Biomass Power Generation Fluidized Bed Gasification - Gas Engine LOW PRESSURE GASIFIER BIOMASS GAS FILTER TAR CRACKER GAS COOLING GAS COOLING STACK FUEL FEEDING ASH GAS TANK HEAT RECOVERY POWER AIR HEAT ASH GAS ENGINE(S) Figure 3

7 Biomass Power Generation Fluidized Bed Gasification - Boiler Application PRODUCT GAS GAS COOLER FILTER LOW PRESSURE TO STACK GASIFIER BIOMASS LARGE BOILER ASH COAL OIL AIR ASH Figure 2

8 Biomass Power Generation Fixed-Bed Gasifier in Power Generation BIOMASS FUEL FEEDING STEAM TURBINE POWER STACK GAS BURNER CONDENSER HEAT GASIFICATION AIR AIR FEED WATER TANK ASH UPDRAFT GASIFIER GAS BOILER STEAM CYCLE Figure 4

9 Generic Gasification Reactors Feed (3-30mm) 30mm) Gas Gas Gas Feed (1-5mm) Feed (0.1mm) Feed (0.1mm) Steam Steam + O 2 Steam + O 2 O 2 Steam + O 2 Ash Ash Slag FIXED-BED PROCESS FLUIDIZED-BED PROCESS ENTRAINED-FLOW PROCESS

10 GTI Fluidized-Bed Gasifier FUEL HOT PRODUCT GAS Air/Oxygen/Steam ASH

11 Novel gasifier FORCED FUEL FEEDING - use of low density fuels possible PRODUCT GAS - high temperature & low tars FIXED BED OPERATION - tars decomposed above the fixed fuel bed by additional air feeding humidifier ash bin gasification air cooling

12 IGCC Project in Andhra Pradesh, India CYCLONE STEAM TO HRSG WATER FROM HRSG PARTICULATE REMOVAL CLEAN PRODUCT GAS AIR GAS TURBINE No MW e GASIFIER GAS COOLER FLY ASH AIR BIOMASS 210 tpd BOOSTER COMPRESSOR GAS TURBINE No MW e HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATOR BED MATERIAL ASH AND BED MATERIAL AIR STEAM BOOSTER COMPRESSOR FROM GAS COOLER TO GAS COOLER STEAM TURBINE STACK Carbona CONDENSER 4 MW e

13 India IGCC Proces Design Basis Fuel Wood chips and woody biomass from plantations Moisture content 20 wt % 9,000 Btu/lb (dry) Feed rate 210 tons per day Power Gas turbines 9.5 MWe Steam turbine 4.0 MWe Net power 12.5 MWe Net Electric Efficiency: 37%

14 Skive Project, Denmark TAR REFORMER GAS COOLER GAS FILTER TO STACK BIOMASS BOILER FLY ASH DISTRICT HEATING 11.5 MW th GAS SCRUBBING GAS BUFFER TANK GASIFIER AIR & STEAM WATER POWER 5.5 MWe ASH Carbona GAS ENGINES

15 Skive Project Design Basis Fuel: Wood pellets Moisture content 9.5 wt% 10,000 Btu/lb (dry) Feed rate: 110 tpd Power and heat: Power generation max. 5.4 MW District heat 11.5 MW Plant Efficiency: Electrical efficiency 28 % (LHV) Overall efficiency 87 % (LHV)

16 Novel Power Plant: 1.8 MWe MWth - Kokemäki, Finland - electric efficiency 28 % - supplied by Condens OY Tar reformer Scrubber Novel gasifier Gas cooler and Filter 3Gas engines

17 The Kokemäki Novel CHP Plant Integrated to the existing Kokemäki district heating plant Fuel drying by waste heat from the plant Wood fuel Fuel capacity Power output District heat output Heat output to the fuel dryer 7200 kw 1800 kw e 4300 kw 430 kw Plant commissioning underway

18 CHP Forest Residue Project, under development - 12 tons per day forest residue - Produce 600 kwe, 1,800 kwth - Electric Efficiency 28%, overall 85% - Transportable unit - Project team: GTI, Carbona, TSS Gasification LOW PRESSURE - Gas Engine GAS FILTER GASIFIER BIOMASS TAR CRACKER GAS COOLING GAS COOLING STACK FUEL FEEDING ASH GAS TANK HEAT RECOVERY POWER AIR HEAT ASH GAS ENGINE(S) gasifier Gas cooler and Filter Gas engine

19 Other Biomass Gasification Projects 2 ton per day Biomass Gasifier for H 2 in UM, Minnesota, Xcel Energy 60 ton per day Chicken Litter Gasifier in Georgia, ERI & USDA Biomass Gasification Tar and Oil Catalytic Reforming, USDOE EE

20 Gasification Feedstocks Tested Biomass: Bagasse, wood chips, whole tree chips, rice straw, alfalfa, highway clippings, bark and pulp, chicken litter Waste: RdF, autofluff

21 GTI Gasification R&D Facility > GTI s State-of-the-Art Gasification Pilot Plant Test Platform > Flexible Fuel Capability Coal: ~ tons/day Biomass: ~ tons/day > Operational Flexibility Pressure ~ 400 psig Air/Oxygen Operation > Plug and play systems integration and testing (Feed, Gasifier, Cleanup, End-use) > Commissioned in Dec 04

22 Flex Fuel Gasification R&D Facility > Solids feed system > Gasifier > Cyclones > Gas conditioning unit > Emissions & Controls

23 Ultra-Clean Process for Control of Sulfur, Chloride, Mercury, and Particulates Cyclone 2 Gas Cooler CWR GASIFIER Cyclone 1 CWS N 2 Sulfur Guard Bed N 2 Flare Flue Gas Dust Fuel (Coal / Biomass) N 2 Sorbent Air or Oxygen Steam N 2 FILTER 1 Spent Sorbent Sorbent FILTER 2 Dust Flare Gas Cyclone Ash N 2 Spent Sorbent

24 Analytical Instruments Comprehensive, continuous, sensitive and accurate measurements at key points in the process are essential Sampling & Conditioning Systems Varian GC/PFPD IMACC FT-IR SRS Mass Spec Agilent GC/MSD/FID/SCD

25 Additional Gas Purification and Clean-Up Systems > Warm Gas Multi-Pollutant Clean Up POM membrane > Ambient-Temperature Gas Separation Membranes Solvents & new polymer membranes (a) (b) Warm Gas Clean Up Gas Absorption Liquid CO 2 CO 2 Ambient-Temperature Acid Gas Clean Up

26 Fundamental Research Laboratories High Pressure TGA Bench-Scale Unit

27 GTI Gasification Test Facility at work GTI Gasification Test Facility

28 For contacts: >