Genetic Review. b. What are the chances of having a curly haired child?
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1 Genetic Review 1. In zucchini, yellow-coloured flesh is recessive to white-coloured flesh. How could you determine if any of the white-coloured fleshed zucchini is heterozygous? 2. A farmer crosses a black rooster with a white hen. Of the seven offspring, all were grey. What type of inheritance is feather colour? What would the possible offspring be if a grey rooster was crossed with a white hen? 3. In humans, free earlobes (F) is dominant over attached earlobes (f). If one parent is homozygous dominant for free earlobes, while the other has attached earlobes can they produce any children with attached earlobes? 4. In humans widow s peak (W) is dominant over straight hairline (w). A heterozygous man for this trait marries a woman who is also heterozygous. a. List possible genotypes of their offspring. b. List the phenotypic ratio for their children. 5. In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant and green seeds (y) are recessive. A pea plant with yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. The resulting offspring have about equal numbers of yellow and green seeded plants. What are the genotypes of the parents? 6. In another cross, a yellow seeded plant was crossed with another yellow seeded plant and it produced offspring of which about 25% were green seeded plants. What are the genotypes of both parents? 7. You found a wild, black mouse. White fur is recessive. Explain how you would determine the genotype of this mouse. a. Draw Punnett squares for your possible crosses. b. You have 24 offspring, 23 with black fur and 1 with white fur. What was the genotype of the mouse? c. If you only had 3 black offspring, can you tell what the genotype was of the suspect mouse? Explain why or why not. 8. In Four o clock flowers the alleles for flower color are incomplete dominant. R allele is for red and W is for white. Predict the offspring when two pink Four o clock flowers are crossed. b. What is the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring? c. What is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the offspring? 9. In humans straight hair (SS) and curly hair (CC) are codominant traits, that result in hybrids who have wavy hair (SC). Cross a curly hair female with a wavy haired male. b. What are the chances of having a curly haired child? 10. If two blue roan horses are bred together, what are the chances that the colt will be white?
2 11. In humans, acondroplasia dwarfism (D) is dominant over normal (d). A homozygous dominant (DD) person dies before the age of one. A heterozygous (Dd) person is dwarfed. A homozygous recessive individual is normal. A heterozygous dwarf man marries a dwarf heterozygous woman. a. What is the probability of having a normal child? b. What is the probability that the next child will also be normal? c. What is the probability of having a child that is a dwarf? d. What is the probability of having a child that dies at one from this disorder? 12. A female guinea pig is heterozygous for both fur color and coat texture is crossed with a male that has light fur color and is heterozygous for coat texture. What possible offspring can they produce? 13. In pea plants, the round seed allele is dominant over the wrinkled seed allele, and the yellow seed allele is dominant over the green seed allele. The genes for seed texture and those for seed color are on different chromosomes. A plant heterozygous for seed texture and seed color is crossed with a plant that is wrinkled and heterozygous for seed color. *R = round, r = wrinkled, Y=yellow, y = green a. Construct a Punnett square for this cross. b. What is the expected phenotypic ratio for the offspring? 14. In humans there is a disease called Phenylketonuria (PKU)which is caused by a recessive allele. People with this allele have a defective enzyme and cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. This disease can result in mental retardation or death. Let E represent the normal enzyme. Also in humans in a condition called galactose intolerance or galactosemia, which is also caused by a recessive allele. Let G represent the normal allele for galactose digestion. In both diseases, normal dominates over recessive. If two adults were heterozygous for both traits (EeGg), what are the chances of having a child that is completely normal? Has just PKU? Has just galactosemia? Has both diseases? 15. A heterozygous, smooth pea pod, plant is crossed with a wrinkled pea pod plant. There are two alleles for pea pod, smooth and wrinkled. Predict the offspring from this cross. a. What is the the genotype of the parents? b. Set up a Punnett square with possible gametes. c. Fill in the Punnett square for the resultant offspring. d. What is the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring? e. What is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the offspring? f. If this cross produced 50 seeds how many would you predict to have a wrinkled pod? 16. In fruit flies, long wings (L) are dominant to short wings (l) and grey body colour (G) is dominant to black bodies (g). If flies that are heterozygous for both traits are crossed and 256 offspring are produced, how many of these offspring would you predict to have each phenotype below? i. Long, grey ii. Long, black iii. Short, grey iv. Short, black
3 17. In human blood types I A and I B are codominant and are dominant over i, M and N are codominant, and Rh+ (R) is dominant to Rh- (r). A man who was AB, MN, Rh- married a woman who was type O, MN, Rh-. If they had a baby boy, what would the probability that he was type B, NN, Rh-? 18. In humans, normal pigmentation dominates no pigmentation (albino). Black hair dominates brown and blonde hair, while brown hair dominates blonde. An albino person will have white hair color even though they may also have the genes for black, brown or blonde hair colour. An albino male who is heterozygous for black and blonde hair marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal pigmentation and is heterozygous for brown and blond hair. What type(s) of inheritance is/are represented? What colours of hair can their children have and what is the probability for each hair colour? 19. Combs in chickens have the following phenotypes; rose, pea, walnut, and single. Rose (R) is dominant to no rose(r) and pea (P) is dominant to no pea (p). For a walnut to be expressed the genotype must have the pea and rose allele present. If neither is present than the individual will express a single comb. If a heterozygous walnut rooster and a heterozygous pea comb hen were mated, what would be the probability for them to produce a single combed chicken? 20. In humans, there are four types of blood; type A, type B, type AB, and type O. The alleles A and B are codominant to each other and the O allele is recessive to both A and B alleles. So a person with the genotype AA or AO will have A type of blood. You are blood type O and you marry a person with blood type AB. b. List the possible blood types (phenotypes) of your offspring. 21. Hemophilia is an x-linked trait. A person with hemophilia is lacking certain proteins that are necessary for normal blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a recessive allele so use N for normal and n for hemophilia. Since hemophilia is x-linked, remember a woman will have two alleles (NN or Nn or nn) but a man will have only one allele (N or n). A woman who is heterozygous (a carrier) for hemophilia marries a normal man: a. What are the genotypes of the parents? b. Make a Punnett square for the above cross. c. What is the probability that a male offspring will have hemophilia? d. What is the probability of having a hemophiliac female offspring? 22. Can a color blind female have a son that has normal vision? Color blindness is caused by a x-linked recessive allele. *use N = normal vision and n = color blind 23. Baldness is a sex-influenced trait. What parental genotypes could produce a bald woman? *use H B = normal hair, and H N = bald
4 24. Working in the famous fly room at Columbia University, you cross a homozygous recessive purple-eyed, vestigial-winged fruit fly (ppvv) with a heterozygous normal-eyed, normalwinged fly (PpVv). Both genes are found on chromosome 2. You discover the following percentages of flies in the F 1 generation: 42 percent with normal eyes and normal wings; 46 percent with purple eyes and vestigial wings; 6 percent with normal eyes and vestigial wings; and 6 percent with purple eyes and normal wings. a. What is the expected outcome for a cross involving two linked genes? Why do you think your results differed from the expected outcome? b. Which of the offspring are recombinant types? c.determine the recombination frequency for this cross. d. Based on your findings, how many map units apart are the genes for eye colour and wing type on chromosome 2? 25. In the same lab, your colleague is studying the genes for eye colour and body colour found on chromosome 2. She crosses a homozygous recessive purple-eyed, black-bodied fruit fly (ppgg) with a heterozygous normal-eyed, normal-coloured fly (PpGg). She counts 1000 offspring and finds 454 flies with normal eyes and normal body colour, 466 flies with purple eyes and black body colour, 42 flies with normal eyes and black body colour, and 38 flies with purple eyes and normal body colour. a. What are the recombination frequency and map distance between the two genes? b. From the data gathered by a third colleague, you know that the gene for wing type and the gene for body colour are 4 map units apart. Combining your colleagues data with your own findings in question 1, draw a chromosome map showing the linear arrangement of all three genes on chromosome 2. Application of Pedigree Analysis 1. What type of inheritance does this pedigree exhibit? 4. If III-1 and III-2 have another child, what would be the odds that it would have the disorder? 5. If III-6 were to marry a woman, whose mother had the condition but whose father did not, and they have children, what would be the probability that any of their children would have the condition?
5 1. What type of inheritance does this pedigree exhibit? 4. If II-1 8and II-9 have another child, what would be the odds that it would have the disorder? 5. If III-14 and III-15 were to have more children what would be the probability that any of their children would have the condition? 1. What type of inheritance does this pedigree exhibit? 4. If II-1 and II-2 have another child, what would be the odds that it would have the disorder? 5. If III-6 were to marry a woman, whose mother had the condition but whose father did not, and they have children, what would be the probability that any of their children would have the condition?
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