PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2 ND MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP

Transcription

1 Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2 ND MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE January 2014

2 Standing Committee for Economic and Commercial Cooperation of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (COMCEC) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2 ND MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP ON ENCOURAGING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN THE COMCEC REGION FOR INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY (December 19 th, 2013, Ankara, Turkey) COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE January 2014

3 For further information please contact: Mr. Mehmet FİDAN Expert Mr. Mustafa Adil SAYAR Expert COMCEC Coordination Office Necatibey Caddesi No: 110/A Yücetepe Ankara/TURKEY Phone : Fax : Web : comcec@comcec.org mfidan@comcec.org msayar@comcec.org

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Opening Session The COMCEC Agriculture Outlook Encouraging Agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region: Challenges and Prospects State of Agriculture and Agricultural FDIs in the World Investment Climate and Potential for Attracting Agricultural FDIs in the COMCEC Region Member State Presentations Indonesia Iran Pakistan Palestine Saudi Arabia Tunisia Turkey Uganda Private Sector Perspective on Agricultural FDIs Gübretaş Kılıç Seafood Production Closing Session Annex 1: Agenda of the Meeting Annex 2: Programme of the Meeting Annex 3: List of Participants... 26

5 Introduction The 2nd Meeting of the COMCEC Agriculture Working Group was held on December 19th, 2013 in Ankara, Turkey with the theme of Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity The Meeting was attended by the representatives of 10 Member States, which have notified their focal points for the Agriculture Working Group namely, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Palestine, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Turkey and Uganda. Representatives of the COMCEC Coordination Office, SESRIC, representatives from private sector and some other guests have also attended the Meeting. The Meeting deliberated on the state of agriculture and the attraction of the agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Countries, focusing on the outcomes the analytical study entitled Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity commissioned by the COMCEC Coordination Office for the Meeting with a view to enriching the discussions. The Representatives of the Member States have shared their experiences, achievements and challenges regarding agricultural productivity through increasing agricultural FDI inflows. The perspective of the private sector on agricultural FDIs was also reflected to the discussions. Furthermore, the participants had the chance to elaborate on the ways and means of enhancing cooperation in increasing agricultural FDIs among the Member Countries. The presentations and deliberations made during the meeting highlighted that COMCEC Countries contain very big potential for increasing agricultural productivity through encouraging agricultural FDIs. It was highlighted that agricultural FDI can contribute directly to both food security and economic development COMCEC Countries. Agricultural FDI can influence multiple actors along production chains, varying from direct food production to providers of farm inputs and food distributors, generating wider economic benefits for host countries. Inward agricultural FDI has the potential to stimulate or crowd-in domestic investment, which in turn can contribute to balancing agricultural investment gaps. Financial constraints for local farmers can be alleviated by agricultural FDIs. Based on the findings of the analytical study some policy intervention and cooperation at COMCEC level are proposed. These are, among others, improving the investment climate in the COMCEC Region, developing sound policies for attracting agricultural FDIs, raising awareness of the potential and profitability of investing in the agricultural sector, and identifying the relevant public stakeholders as well as private investors in the COMCEC Region. 1

6 1. Opening Session In line with the tradition of the Organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Meeting started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. At the outset, Mr. M. Metin EKER, Director General of the COMCEC Coordination Office briefed the participants on the Working Group Mechanism, which is one of the main instruments introduced by the COMCEC Strategy adopted by the 4th Extraordinary Session of the Summit Conference held in Mr. EKER stressed that the Strategy aims to make the COMCEC a platform for producing and disseminating knowledge as well as sharing experiences and approximating policies regarding the economic issues among the Member Countries. In this respect, the Working Group Meetings, which are held twice a year in Ankara in each six cooperation areas, bring the qualified experts of the Member Countries together to produce knowledge, share experience and best practices and develop a common understanding in respective cooperation areas. Mr. EKER highlighted that the second operational instrument initiated by the COMCEC Strategy is the Project Cycle Management (PCM) which enables the Member States to propose multilateral projects in the cooperation areas defined by the Strategy. Mr. EKER pointed out that this mechanism will give a momentum to Member States participation in the cooperation efforts. The Member Countries relevant institutions/ministries/public agencies will be able to submit project proposals to the COMCEC Coordination Office, which would serve to the objectives of the COMCEC Strategy and development of intellectual and human capacity of the Member Countries. Mr. EKER also underlined that the call for project proposals was made in the early September 2013 and after the first evaluation of these project proposals, the short list has been announced and the Member States, whose project proposals are accepted in this short list, are expected to resubmit their proposals in order to be considered for the final evaluation. Mr. EKER also expressed that as one of the priority areas defined by the COMCEC Summit, which was held on 2009, agriculture sector is a very important sector for income generation and creating employment. Therefore, it has a direct impact on the development of the Member Countries. The Crisis in the last decade demonstrated its vitality. In this respect, the COMCEC Strategy focused on four dimensions of this sector, which are productivity, regulatory framework and institutional capacity, market performance and market access and producing reliable and up-to-date data. In 2012, the agricultural population represents the 35 percent of the total OIC population in the OIC Region. In 2011, the agricultural production in the OIC Region was only 15 percent in cereals, 19 percent in fruits and 12 percent in vegetables in the World total, which indication the urgent need to invest more in agriculture in order to increase production in the Member Countries. Mr. EKER pointed out that this Meeting of the Working Group will give opportunity to discuss how to stimulate the agricultural investments in the COMCEC Region in order to increase agricultural productivity. In accordance with the traditions of the OIC, as Head of Delegation of the host country, Associate Prof Dr. Masum BURAK, Director General, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of the Republic of Turkey was elected as the Chairman of the Meeting. Dr. Masum BURAK welcomed the all participants to the 2nd Meeting of the Agriculture Working Group and expressed his thanks for electing him as the Chairman. He emphasized the 2

7 importance of agriculture sector and agricultural investments for the member countries in terms of promoting agricultural growth, reducing poverty and hunger, and promoting environmental sustainability. He also highlighted that the agricultural foreign direct investments (FDI) plays a significant role in increasing productivity by offsetting the investment and technological gap and it creates new employment opportunities and improves the technological level especially in developing countries. In addition, the level of investment in agriculture is positively correlated with food security and poverty reduction. 3

8 2. The COMCEC Agriculture Outlook Mr. Taylan KIYMAZ, Director from the COMCEC Coordination Office presented some of the key issues of the COMCEC Agriculture Outlook At the outset, Mr. KIYMAZ informed the participants on the COMCEC Strategy on agriculture. As one of the six cooperation areas, the strategic objective of the COMCEC Strategy on agricultures is defined as increasing the productivity of agriculture sector and sustaining the food security in the COMCEC Region. In order to achieve this goal, the COMCEC Strategy envisaged four output areas which are: Increasing Productivity Regulatory Framework and Institutional Capacity Reliable and Up-To-Date Data Market Performance and Access In his presentation, Mr. KIYMAZ mentioned agriculture as an important element of human life providing the fundamental needs for human survival. Mr. KIYMAZ also stated that agriculture is an important sector for economic and social development due to its contribution to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. In addition, it is recognized as a key sector for reducing poverty and sustainable rural development especially in developing countries. In his presentation, Mr. KIYMAZ focused on the role of agriculture in the economy, agricultural population, agricultural productivity, irrigation, and the challenges faced in this sector. Lastly he set forth some recommendations. Regarding the role of agriculture in the economies of the member countries, Mr. KIYMAZ stated that on average, the OIC Member Countries have a relatively lower performance in agriculture as compared to the developed countries. Although they have 28 percent of total world agricultural area, the share of the OIC Member Countries in the world agricultural GDP was 21,3 percent with almost 648 billion US Dollars agricultural value added in Regarding the sub-regional level, as of 2012, Asian Group had the highest amount of the agricultural GDP with 380 billion US Dollars. It was followed by Arab Group and African Group with almost 138 billion and 129 billion US Dollars, respectively. Asian Group had more than half of the agricultural GDP of the OIC Region. On the other hand, at the individual country level, Indonesia had the highest amount of agricultural GDP with 19,6 percent. The five member countries, namely Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan accounted for half of the OIC agricultural GDP. Agricultural commodity trade was another crucial issue mentioned by Mr. KIYMAZ. He stated that agricultural commodity trade of the 57 OIC Member Countries increased considerably in the period from 1990 to During this period, total agricultural commodity import of the OIC Region reached to 200 billion US Dollars from 35 billion US Dollars by increasing 473 percent. Correspondingly, total agricultural commodity export of this Region rose by 603 percent and reached 143 billion US Dollars. As a result, total agricultural trade in the OIC Region grew by almost 520 percent reaching 343 billion US Dollars. 4

9 As of 2011, the OIC agricultural trade balance recorded 62 billion US Dollars deficits. Except for Asian Group, all examined sub-regions had trade deficits. Especially, Arab Group draws attention with high amount of 81 billion US Dollars deficits. African Group, the other subregion recording trade deficits whose import and export potential was the least one in the OIC, had only 3 billion US Dollars deficits. On the other hand, Asian Group had 21 billion US Dollars agricultural trade balance surplus in Mr. KIYMAZ also informed the participants that the total population of the OIC is about 1,62 billion. In 2012, the agricultural population of the OIC Member Countries constituted 35 percent of the total OIC population. Mr. KIYMAZ highlighted that the share of agricultural population in total population has been decreasing in the OIC. He argued that while the share agricultural population in total OIC population was 46,8 percent in 1990, this figure was 42,2 percent in 2000 and 35 percent in Furthermore Mr. KIYMAZ informed that the OIC Member Countries total land area is 3,2 billion hectares, which is equal to almost 29 percent of the world. He discussed that almost 1,42 billion hectares, representing 44,5 percent of this total land, is used as agricultural land. Out of 1,42 billion hectares agricultural area, 293 million hectares are arable land, almost 55 million hectares are reserved for permanent crops, and 1,04 billion hectares are used as permanent meadows and pastures. Mr. KIYMAZ pointed out that more than 70 percent of the Member Countries agricultural area consists of permanent meadows and pastures. After highlighting the importance of irrigation on the agricultural productivity, Mr. KIYMAZ emphasized that in terms of the volume of agriculture production, as of 2011, the OIC Member Countries constituted 15 percent of the world total cereals production of 2,6 billion tons. There was a very slight increase compared to their level of 13.5 percent in In the same year, its share in the world fruit production accounted for 18,9 percent with 638 million tons. This was 19,3 percent in The share of the OIC Member Countries in the world total production of vegetables increased from 14,6 percent in 2000 to 15 percent in At the country level, total OIC agricultural production concentrated in a few member countries such as Indonesia, Turkey, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Pakistan, Iran, and Egypt. Regarding the food security and undernourishment, he informed that the number of undernourished people in the OIC decreased from 194 million in to 179 million in in parallel with the global trend. Thereby, the share of undernourished people in total decreased from 18,3 percent to 11,4 percent. At the regional level, despite the higher proportion of undernourishment in African Group, Asia Group has almost half of the total undernourished people due to its high population. However, its number of undernourished people has been decreasing since Meanwhile, number of undernourished people of African Group has increased by 52 percent ascending from 24,2 million to 36,9 million. He also mentioned about two basic categories of food ingredients which are used for determining food consumption. These are dietary energy supply adequacy and the average protein supply. In terms of dietary energy supply adequacy, there is not a serious problem in the OIC as a whole. But, average protein supply has been less than needed level in general. Mr. KIYMAZ finalized his presentation by emphasizing the main challenges in agriculture sector in the COMCEC Region and main policy recommendation to tackle these challenges. 5

10 Main Challenges Low productivity, Inefficient use of water resources and land Inefficient use of agricultural machinery and technologies, Low level of agricultural investments, Poor market performance, Deregulation policies and inadequate agricultural planning and strategy making, Lack of reliable and up-to-date data, Lack of effective governance Poor risk management of natural disasters Recommendations To make efforts to increase agricultural productivity, To increase collaboration on information sharing, To increase intra-oic agricultural technology transfer, To make efforts to enhance intra OIC agricultural investments, To increase efficiency of agricultural commodity markets 6

11 3. Encouraging Agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region: Challenges and Prospects 3.1. State of Agriculture and Agricultural FDIs in the World Mr. Matthijs WEEINK, Consultant made a presentation on the State of Agriculture and Agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs). In his presentation Mr. WEEINK mainly focused on agricultural foreign direct investment and how those can positively influence agricultural productivity. He also mentioned on current agricultural productivity and shared some insights on the mechanism and economic derivers behind FDIs. Mr. WEEINK informed the participants that rural population in the COMCEC Region is 53,7 percent and still high compare to the Developing Countries and the World. The reduction of the agricultural population is 10 percent. This reduction is necessary because there are too many people employed in a sector that generates less GDP. Agricultural area is much bigger in the COMCEC than the World. However, the arable land with permanent crops there is very big gap between the world and COMCEC. In this regard, COMCEC countries should specialize on the commodities that they have abundant surplus. Therefore, the COMCEC area should focus on livestock and permanent pasture because it has a comparative advantage compare to the World. Middle Eastern COMCEC Countries are facing lack of water resources. Almost 30 percent of the World agricultural land belongs to COMCEC but only 12.7 percent of the internal water resources are within the COMCEC. There is quite a big mismatch here being dependent on external water resources is a big risk because it is out of countries control. In this perspective, water is very scarce and still 93 percent of the total agricultural land area is being irrigated by the surface irrigation system. This is not an efficient way of irrigating land and a lot of water is being wasted by this irrigation system. Local farmers and agricultural industries do not have capacity to invest in other types of irrigation techniques. He emphasized that indicators show that the gap between COMCEC countries and rest of the World increasing in terms of usage of fertilizer. Fertilizer being used from remains fairly constant compare to other regions in the World. There is an increasing trend of using fertilizer in the world and this result in more yields or more productivity per hectare. Indicators show that many COMCEC member countries have a leading position in the global market place of the agriculture commodities like Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, etc. These are very significant ways of getting capital to the country. In addition, not only FDIs but also domestic investments are needed to increase productivity levels and reduce percentage of undernourished people. Mr. WEEINK mentioned that it become eminent in 2008 when there was a huge food crisis which put more pressures on countries that already have difficulties in securing their food. More than 2.6 billion people working in agriculture sector. This is very significant way for these people to earn money and get out of poverty. It also contributes to the balance of payment for some countries in general as well as for COMCEC member countries. Some COMCEC countries have very leading position in international trade in many of the agricultural products. However, agricultural productivity levels are not at the desired levels. 7

12 In this connection, mostly the positive effects of the FDIs like increasing productivity, number of jobs, technology spill over, etc. are being emphasized. On the other hand, there are potential costs of FDIs. Foreign projects may affect local farmers in a destructive way. Therefore, is it important to have a well-constructed institutional framework to make investing companies to use local supplies or to use local farmers to really make sure that FDIs are inclusive and sustainable. In this framework rationale behind the firm engaging in foreign direct investment is crucial and can be classified as follow: Market seeking: Following customers, suppliers or competitors abroad Resource seeking: Raw materials and energy sources Efficiency seeking: Exploiting different factor endowments and Supply chain optimization Strategic-asset seeking: Enhancing synergies (i.e. technology, marketing channels and management expertise) Continuing his presentation, Mr. WEEINK stated that it can be looked at the FDIs from monetary point of view which used by the UNCTAD. From that point of view monetary flows, FDI inflows, FDI outflows, and net FDI flow are the main indicators. However in order to have more accurate information it is useful to look at how much capital invested in projects and how many jobs created. That is why it is preferred to use FDI data at firm level data. In this perspective, it provides better understanding of the economic value of those FDI projects to the host economy. He informed that the following types of FDI projects are as follows: Greenfield investments meant to build new facilities. Brownfield Investment (expansions or re-investment in existing foreign affiliates or sites) existing facilities which are being re-invested in modernized and expanded. New forms of Investment (joint ventures, strategic alliances, licensing and other partnership agreements), only when they lead to a new physical (Greenfield or Brownfield) operation. He further mentioned that companies have different rationale behind their investments. However, in agricultural FDIs it is much more a meter of resource seeking. In this perspective, there are prioritized factors when conducting agricultural FDI projects such as domestic market growth potential, regulation or business climate, natural resources and proximity to market or customers. Moreover, regarding role of incentives in attracting FDI, Mr. WEEINK underlined that the incentives are provided mainly: To overcome a competitive weakness such as high costs or weak business climate (so-called site equalization outlays); To promote investment in deprived areas by offering incentives in poorer areas; To attract particular industries by offering them incentives to invest; To correct for market failures in the provision of capital and risk-taking of companies; and To change the image of a location to make it pro-business. 8

13 Questions and Answers Question: How do the decisions on agricultural FDI differs from other FDI decisions, could you clarify these points? Answer: The domestic market growth potential as well as regulations of the business climate are two most of important drivers. For instance, a US company projects, they have factories with 400 thousand peoples working there to using millions of components. It is very labor intensive and very different from agriculture. Their only concern is the cost of labor and logistic. This insight demand very different way from agriculture projects. The demand was to make a risk profile of different countries. We looked at labor costs. So we did not look at climate, abandoned labor, etc. Question: Regarding the modes of the FDIs is there statistics about which mode is prevalent around the World? Answer: When economy went up-up in it noticed that the share of greenfield investments on total investment was much bigger than know. So during the economic downturn and post-crises era it can be seen that the share of joint ventures, strategic alliances, licensing and other partnership agreements on total FDI becomes bigger. Companies want to already existing facilities/organization in the host countries. But if the economy picks up again the share of green field could be bigger. It also depends the priorities and the technologic advanced the production process. 9

14 3.2. Investment Climate and Potential for Attracting Agricultural FDIs in the COMCEC Region Mr. Charles KRAKOFF, Expert from the Investment Consulting Associates, made a presentation on investment climate and potential for attracting agricultural FDIs in the COMCEC Region. At the outset, Mr. KRAKOFF informed the participants regarding the economic development gains achieved by agricultural FDI. He highlighted that 371 FDI projects whose total capital investment is about USD 45.2 million between are analyzed for the FDI assessment in the COMCEC Region. These projects created employment for more than 115 thousand people in this Region. He also focused that as demonstrated in Table 1, the number of FDI projects in the COMCEC Region increased considerably in 2008 as a result of Food Crisis. In this crisis, the price of many agricultural commodities rose significantly and the countries whose agriculture sector is dependent to imports was affected by this phenomenon. Table 1. Trends in agricultural FDI in the COMCEC Region Year Number of projects Capital investment Jobs created Total(USD m) Average(USD m) Total Average , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Total , , Source: fdi Intelligence from the Financial Times Ltd Mr. KRAKOFF also gave information on the source countries that the agricultural FDI investments come from. He expressed that with 20 projects Saudi Arabia and with 15 projects Malaysia, which are COMCEC Member Countries were among the largest source countries for agricultural investment in the COMCEC Region. However, most of the agricultural FDI projects were invested from the source countries from the Western Europe with 145 agricultural FDI projects. Asia-Pacific and North American Countries were the other largest source regions for the agricultural investment in the COMCEC Region. Moreover, Mr. KRAKOFF pointed out that in terms of the regions, Africa is the largest invested region in the COMCEC Region since Africa has more than half available unexploited arable land in the World. In terms of the COMCEC Member Countries, agricultural FDI in Indonesia has the largest share in the COMCEC Region. In addition, Mr. KRAKOFF also gave information about some case studies. In the first case study, he informed the participants regarding the agricultural investments in Gulf Cooperation 10

15 Council (GCC) Countries. According to Mr. KRAKOFF, food consumption in the GCC countries grows very rapidly since the GCC Countries has the highest rate of population growth and they are quite wealthy countries among others. For instance, in 2008, Saudi Arabia s barley import volume is 45 percent of the barley imports in the world. Moreover, with respect to other commodities such as sugar, rice and wheat, the import volume of Saudi Arabia is about 4 percent in the world import volume. Therefore, the GCC countries are seen as very significant food importers in the world. Mr. KRAKOFF also gave some samples of outward agricultural investments by GCC Countries: Saudi Arabia: A Saudi Company (Planet World Food) planned to invest 3 billion USD in various partnerships with Turkish farmers. United Arab Emirates: A private sector investment firm signed a contract to lease 700,000 hectares of farmland in Morocco. Qatar : Acquired 40,000 hectares of farm land in Kenya Kuwait: Planned investment in land projects in Sudan and Cambodia Mr. KRAKOFF also informed the participants on the reasons of why the GCC Countries take risks of investing instead of relying on trade. Although these countries are significant food importers, the GCC Countries continue to invest the countries, including the ones with political and commercial risks. Mr. KRAKOFF pointed out that the 2008 Food Crisis heightened the sense of vulnerability, wheat prices doubled from January to March 2008 and rice prices are nearly tripled, several exporting countries imposed export bans. Therefore, the GCC Countries still attach a great importance to investing despite their high food import volume. Mr. KRAKOFF also expressed that the GCC Countries reduce the risks by diversifying pool of target countries and they will remain a prime source of agricultural FDI in other COMCEC Member Countries. In the second case study presented by Mr. KRAKOFF, he gave information about an important agricultural FDI destination: Turkey. According to him, Turkey is one of the most suitable countries to receive agricultural FDI with its limited land availability but excellent investment environment. Suitable ecological conditions, good climate for agricultural production, government support for investments in agriculture and more developed agricultural production industry than its neighboring countries are the some strengths for enabling agriculture investment climate in Turkey. Moreover, Turkey s strategic geographical positions offers significant opportunities for trade and Turkey s likely EU Membership might introduce significant new export opportunities. However, Mr. KRAKOFF also expressed that the agriculture sector in Turkey has highly fragmented structure with a large number of small businesses which are highly dependent on government subsidies to survive. Moreover, high cost of machinery prevents small scale farms from increasing their efficiency in production. Despite these challenges, Mr. KRAKOFF expressed that Turkey is an important destination for attracting agricultural FDI. In his presentation, Mr. KRAKOFF informed the participants regarding overall conclusions from case studies as follows: Need for good land use planning, aligning interests of communities and investors in a way consistent with sustainable resource use 11

16 Both formal and customary land use and occupancy rights must be respected by investors and host country governments Local communities must share in benefits from public infrastructure investment, community investments, and equitable employment, and/or outgrower schemes. Preference for outgrower and smallholder cultivation over large-scale mechanized agriculture Rigorous economic analysis of land-related investments is essential Allow direct negotiation between communities and investors Tax idle land and set appropriate lease payments. Mr. KRAKOFF continued his presentation by giving main conclusions on agricultural FDI in the COMCEC Region. According to him, agricultural productivity levels are relatively low in the COMCEC Region because of the lack of using fertilizers as well as machinery. There is certainly potential (suitability and ability) among COMCEC Member Countries but focus must be on improving business and investment climate. Mr. KRAKOFF also gave several policy measures that can reduce and mitigate the risks of agricultural FDI, both for the investor and for the host country: Proper land use planning and respect for property rights; Preference for outgrower and smallholder cultivation through stimulation programs by public bodies and international aid programs; FDI attraction programs should be focusing on large scale agricultural investors; Host-country governments should assess the economic viability and sustainability of proposed investment projects, and should allow direct negotiation between communities and poten tial investors; Taxation of idle land and establishment of an appropriate level of lease payments, to make it financially unfeasible for investors to maintain fallow land for extended periods. Finally, Mr. KRAKOFF concluded his presentation by giving final recommendations to the COMCEC Member Countries for increasing agricultural FDI in the Region: Improve the investment climate of COMCEC Member Countries by identifying and promoting specific agricultural investment opportunities in each COMCEC Member Country; Based on the agricultural FDI assessment, prepare an investment promotion strategy and targeting plan, including a lead generation plan; As a final step, prepare appealing Value Propositions in coordination with the national Investment Promotion Agencies, to illustrate the potential and profitability of investing in the agricultural sector; Start working on a Media and Communications Strategy to disseminate the value propositions to the right audience; Identify and list relevant public stakeholders as well as private investors in the COMCEC Region and use the COMCEC platform to stimulate debate and information sharing. 12

17 Questions and Answers: Question: How can the agricultural subsidies affect the agriculture sector and what are the opportunities and threats of subsidies? Answer: In most countries, governments support farmers by giving grants and subsidies. However, giving subsidies is not a solution for improving agriculture sector, rather it distorts the agricultural markets. In the most successful agricultural commodity exporter countries, governments reduce the subsidies. Reducing subsidies and protectionist trade tariffs force producers to become more competitive. 13

18 4. Member State Presentations 4.1. Indonesia Mr. Hanif SALIM, Minister Counselor from the Indonesian Embassy in Ankara, made a presentation regarding the agricultural investment opportunities in Indonesia. At the beginning of his presentation, Mr. SALIM informed the participants regarding the geographical and economic characteristics of Indonesia. With its 250 million population and with huge GDP (850 million USD), Indonesia is very important country in the Region. He also gave information about the role of agriculture and agribusiness sector in Indonesia. According to Mr. SALIM, this sector constitutes 14.4 percent of the GDP and it absorbs around 36 percent of the labor force. The agriculture sector produce raw material for food industry, feed and bio energy. It also contributes reducing poverty and unemployment. Mr. SALIM also informed the participants that the export value of the main agricultural products, which are palm oil, rubber, cocoa and coffee, is totally around 31 billion USD in Indonesia. Mr. SALIM continued his presentation by giving information about the regulations for foreign direct investment in Indonesia. According to him, the foreign investor has to joint with an Indonesian partner, and the article of company must be approved by the Ministry of Law and Human Right of Indonesia. Regarding the investment area regulations of agriculture sector, there are three different regulations: absolutely closed fields (cultivation of Hashish plant/ Marijuana), the fields opened with certain restrictions, and absolutely opened fields. Finally, Mr. SALIM informed the participants regarding the agricultural investments opportunities in the fields of food crop, horticulture, tree crop and plantation and livestock in Indonesia Iran Mr. Yaghoub Ali DARABI, Senior Expert from the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of the Islamic Republic of Iran made a presentation on Foreign Investment in Agriculture Sector At the outset, Iranian representative informed the meeting that foreign investment service center depend on Organization for Investment, Economic &Technical Assistance of Iran as a single window have been performed to facilitate foreign investment affairs. In this connection, within the framework of the Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act (FIPPA) many promotions provided to the foreign investors as follows; the government look at foreign investors same as native investors, tax reduction, issuance visa for employee and first degree relatives of investors for long term and issuance residential and working permission for personnel for long term. He further underlined that areas of investments are all areas in agriculture (Agronomy, horticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry and agricultural processing industry), in greenfield projects and in brownfield projects and existing companies. 14

19 4.3. Pakistan Mr. Anjum MUNIR, Director at the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, made a presentation on Encouraging FDI in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity: Pakistan s Perspective At the beginning, the representative of Pakistan briefed the meeting that agricultural GDP is approximately 21 percent of the total GDP of Pakistan. Furthermore, agriculture sector generates productive employment opportunities for 45 percent of the country s labor force. In addition, important crops accounted for 25.2 percent of agricultural value added and has experienced a growth of 2.3 percent in fiscal year In this framework, he emphasized that Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) is crucial instrument for developing country like Pakistan as it provides the needed capital for investment. FDI brings with it employment, managerial skills and technology, and thus accelerates growth and development. In order to attract FDIs the government of the Pakistan provide many incentives namely, tax concessions/exemptions to particular businesses, special economic zones, cheap labor, Job training & employment subsidies and infrastructure subsidies. Finally, he emphasized that over the last few years Pakistan made reforms to provide itself as a potential market for foreign investors with its liberal investment policy, cheap labor, tax incentives and good return on investments Palestine Mr. AHMED HAJJAJ, Director of Marketing Services, Ministry of Agriculture of the State of Palestine made a presentation on FDIs and Agricultural Productivity in Palestine At the outset, the Palestinian representative informed that agriculture is one of main component of the Palestinian cultural and economic and social texture. Agriculture constitutes a source of income and food for the Palestinians. He further mentioned that despite all kinds of restrictions and obstacles agricultural sector has remained for long time a contributor to the Palestinian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The share of agricultural GDP is 4.9 percent of total GDP. He emphasized that existence of agricultural institutions over the country, qualified personnel and skilled farmers, diversity of climate, harmonized relationship and cooperation between the private and public sectors in the field of agriculture are the advantages of this sector. On the other hand, there are some challenges facing FDIs in Palestine. For instance, SMEs suffered severely because of the bad investment environment and the hostile measures, which affected their competitive capabilities. 15

20 4.5. Saudi Arabia Dr. Saad Bin Abdullah Khalil ESA, Director of King Abdullah Initiative for Agricultural Investment Abroad, from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia made a speech on agricultural FDI in Saudi Arabia. At the beginning of his speech, Mr. ESA informed the participants on the King Abdullah Initiative for Agricultural Investment Abroad and its objectives. The objectives of the initiative are to contribute food security and to contribute making strategic commodities for food security. The strategy of the Initiative is to encourage the private sector in Saudi Arabia to invest abroad using their agricultural experience, modern technology and also financial opportunities. Mr. ESA informed the participants that the Saudi Government supports the private sector by identifying countries which are willing to host investments and have natural resources such as labor, land, water. In addition, the Government engages with the host countries to facilitate the investment of the private sector by signing investment protection agreements or avoiding double taxation agreements. Mr. ESA also gave information on the responsible agricultural investment and King Abdullah Initiative. According to him, the King Abdullah Initiative makes investments to hosting countries in order to contribute food security, to develop infrastructure, to create new job opportunities for local communities. Mr. ESA continued his speech by giving information that more than 30 percent of the COMCEC Member States are identified as the host country for investment by the King Abdullah Initiative. Finally, he announced that any COMCEC Member Countries willing to host the Saudi investment and has the agricultural natural resources will be identified as a host country by the King Abdullah Initiative Tunisia Mr. Bechir OUNISSI, Partnership Department Manager, from the Agricultural Investment Promotion Agency of Tunisia made a presentation on Foreign Direct Investment in Agriculture Sector in Tunisia. Tunisian representative mentioned that agricultural GDP is 13 percent of the total GDP and the share of agriculture in the total export is 9 percent. Furthermore, agriculture sector generates employment opportunities for 16 percent of the country s labor force. Furthermore, the main agricultural products imported are Cereals, sea products, sugar and seed oils. As well agricultural products exported are olive oil, produits de la mer, cereals and dates. The Tunisian representative informed the meeting that Tunisia made important reforms to ease business and attract more FDIs. In this regard, revision of investment incentives code, regulation of partnership between public and private sectors, revision of the tax system and reforms in the financial sector, education and training system are the main are the main policy reforms to attract FDIs. He further explained that selected agricultural sub-sectors for attracting FDI are those on which Tunisia enjoys comparative advantages and of a high added value and belonging to high 16

21 technological fields. In this respect, foreign investors are free to repatriate profits and the capital, foreign investor is treated on the same manner as the Tunisian one, totally exporting companies have the possibility to sell 30 percent of their production on local market without duties and taxes and totally exporting company hire freely 4 foreign technicians Turkey Dr. Ahmet Abdullah ANTALYALI made a presentation on Encouraging Foreign Direct Investment in Agriculture Sector in Turkey. Dr. ANTALYALI informed the participants about the foreign direct investment trends and global foreign direct investment inflows. He further mentioned about foreign direct investment inflows in Turkey. In this regard, He informed that Turkey received 12.4 billion USD foreign direct investment inflow in 2012 which was only 1.1 billion USD in In this framework, Turkey is the 14th among developing countries and 24th in the world in FDI inflow. Dr. ANTALYALI mentioned that in order to reduce poverty, to ensure food security and to contribute financial development it is essential to increase agricultural investments. Afterwards he explained the foreign direct investment trends in agriculture. Dr. ANTALYALI highlighted that because of the population and income increase and the rise of standards of living agricultural production has to be increased to ensure food security at least 60% in the next 40 years. Therefore to assure food security it is requisite to increase productivity by sustainable production with modern production technics. He also touched upon criteria for determining host countries and investment type and constraints against foreign direct investments. Continuing his presentation Dr. ANTALYALI briefly emphasized that in 2012, Turkey the share of agricultural GDP in total GDP was 62 billion USD and it very crucial development since successive growth for 6 years. He also briefed the participants on details of investment opportunities in Turkey within the framework of fruit and vegetable sector, greenhouse sector, organic farming, livestock farming and aquaculture production. Before concluding his presentation, he informed the participants on agricultural supports and incentives policies of Turkey. Turkey has different kind of support mechanisms such as; Rural Development Support Programme (RDSP), low-interest credits, agricultural supports, EU grant supports and the new incentive system. He expressed that with RDSP agricultural establishment have been constructed, machinery and equipment have been bought and thousand staff have been recruited. Furthermore, there will be nearly 5 billion USD support payment by the end of the Uganda Dr. Charles MUKAMA, Senior Veterinary Inspector, from the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries made a presentation on agricultural foreign direct investments in Uganda. At the outset, Dr. MUKAMA informed the participants on the significance of agricultural productivity. According to Dr. MUKAMA, productivity is vital to the economy because it allows accomplishing more with less and so, it increases profitability. However, like in many COMCEC 17

22 Member Countries, the level of agricultural productivity in Uganda is very low. Uganda, like in many COMCEC countries, agricultural productivity is very low. The sector is dominated by small holder farmers who use rudimentary tech, make subsistence farming and use underutilized natural resources. Dr. MUKAMA also gave information on the state of FDI in Uganda. According to him, FDI in Uganda is still very low and the main investor countries are India, UK, Kenya, South Africa, North America and Caribbean Countries. Agricultural FDIs are concentrated in agricultural chemicals and fertilizers; coffee processing and export; floriculture; and fish processing and export. The most recent notable investment is in Palm Oil for production of vegetable oil. The major export products are Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa, Tobacco, Cotton, flowers and Fish. Moreover, Dr. MUKAMA pointed out that of the current Government has a program to support the agricultural private sector through increasing investment in research, increased production and productivity, post-harvest management, agribusiness and marketing. The Ministry of Agriculture has a five year Development Strategy and Investment Plan aligned to the National Development Plan with four pillars; increasing production and productivity; improving market access for agricultural products; creating a favorable legal, policy and institutional framework and strengthening the sector institutional capacity. According to Dr. MUKAMA, the Government has fully liberalized economy conducive for private sector to operate and has a stable political climate. The private sector has access to a liberalized forex regime and investors have unconditional capital repatriation. The government has developed the strategy of of Public- Private Sector partnership to mitigate risk in heavy investment areas. An autonomous body, the Uganda Investment Authority was created to guide and assist investors to access the necessary requirements including real estate. Finally, Dr. MUKAMA concluded his presentation by giving information on sub-sectors that create investment opportunities in Uganda: Meat and Meat products Fisheries subsector Cotton and textiles Fruits and vegetables Floriculture Cocoa, Coffee and tea Investment in agribusiness services 18

23 5. Private Sector Perspective on Agricultural FDIs 5.1. Gübretaş Mr. Ali BARUTÇUOĞLU, Office Manager at Gübretaş, made a presentation on private sector perspective on agricultural foreign direct investments. At the outset, Mr. BARUTÇUOĞLU informed the participants on the company background and operations of Gübretaş. The company, operating since 1952, is one of the first 16 firms entered in Istanbul Stock Exchange and one of the biggest industrial organizations in Turkey. Regarding the current business structure, the investments of Gübretaş are largely in Turkey and Iran. In Turkey, the Company focuses on production and marketing of fertilizer, production of pesticide and shipping. In Iran, the Company has huge investments in the name of Razi Petrochemical and focuses on feedstock and fertilizer production. Mr. BARUTÇUOĞLU continued his presentation by giving detailed information on the Gübretaş investment in Iran: Razi Petrochemical which is a fully-integrated petrochemical complex established in Razi is the largest fertilizer complex in Iran. With its current ammonia capacity, Razi is the biggest facility in Iran and one of the most important ammonia producers in the world. Moreover, Razi Petrochemical Company is the major shareholder of Arya Phosphoric Jonoub Company with its share of 87.5 percent. Mr. BARUTÇUOĞLU also gave information on the volume of investments of Razi Petrochemical Company. According to him, the total volume of the Razi Investments is about 86 million USD between , and with the investments of Arya Acquisition, which is about 15 million USD; the total investment volume of the Razi Company is even more than 100 million USD in the last 6 years. Moreover, Razi Company is planning to invest 77 million USD in the next five years. Finally, Mr. BARUTÇUOĞLU concluded his presentation by informing the participants on Gübretas investment thesis. Gübretaş looks for new investment opportunities which entail: Cost advantages Economies of scale Stronger competitive position in the global market Horizontal & vertical Integration 5.2. Kılıç Seafood Production Dr. Hayri DENİZ, Director at the KILIÇ HOLDING, made a presentation on the operations of the company specifically on their investment in Morocco. Mr. DENİZ informed that their company has expanded its operations through new investments and capacity increases by implementing a vertically integrated business model. He underlined that the vertically integrated operations extend from production of fish feed and juvenile fish to production of packaging boxes, processing and packaging of harvested fish. Facilities are located in close proximity to each other, lowering logistics costs and making harvesting and processing flawless. He explained 19

24 that the Aqua Manager project has been launched and operationalized in June Aqua Manager optimizes the cage operations through accurate feeding and monitoring of biomass. Mr. DENİZ further informed that in addition to the fleet used in harvesting, KILIÇ owns 3 large sea vessels to transport juveniles to Tunisia and other domestic players. In this connection, export sales have been growing strongly over the years. Central Europe is the main market for exporting seabream and seabrass. In recent years, KILIÇ has also entered the Russian market with the sales of trout, seabream and seabass, which have been increasing at a rapid pace. Regarding their investment in Morocco he emphasized that the official procedures have already been finalized and they will construct the necessary facilities by January February The Total capacity of these facilities will be 15,000 tons and the facilities will reach their full capacity in 5 years. Continuing his presentation Mr. DENİZ stressed that besides others, for deciding investment in Morocco, the main factors are as follows; Attracting business environment for foreign direct investments Appropriate legal framework and legislations Long term and applicable sectoral strategic plans of the host country Applicable international standards for FDIs Existence of unique and responsible national authority Qualified and low labor force National policies and strategic plans to attract FDIs 20

25 6. Closing Session The Meeting ended with closing remarks of Dr. Masum BURAK, Chairman of the Meeting and Mr. Metin EKER, Director General of the COMCEC Coordination Office. In his remarks, Mr. BURAK thanked all the participants for their valuable contributions and the COMCEC Coordination Office for the excellent organization. He summarized what was discussed throughout the Meeting briefly. Mr. Metin EKER thanked all the participants for their attendance and valuable contributions. He informed the participants that the 3rd Meeting of the Agriculture Working Group would be held on April 3rd, 2014 with the theme of Improving the Statistical Capacity of the Agriculture Sector in the COMCEC Region. Mr. EKER invited all the participants to the 3rd Meeting. He further informed that an analytical study on the theme of the Meeting will be prepared and submitted to the next Meeting. He also expressed that the analytical study mentioned will be circulated to the Member Countries before the Meeting. Mr. EKER added that the COMCEC Coordination Office will publish the proceedings of this Meeting. He underlined that the observations, comments and critiques of the participants on the documents prepared specifically for the Agriculture Working Group Meetings would be most welcomed in order to improve their quality. Mr. EKER concluded his remarks by wishing a safe trip to all participants. 21

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27 Annex 1: Agenda of the Meeting 2 nd MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP (December 19 th, 2013, Ankara) Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity DRAFT AGENDA Opening Remarks 1. The COMCEC Agriculture Outlook 2. Global Trends in Agricultural FDIs: Benefits and Risks 3. Encouraging Agricultural Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region: Challenges and Prospects 4. Member State Presentations 5. Private Sector Perspective on Agricultural FDIs Closing Remarks

28 Annex 2: Programme of the Meeting PROGRAMME OF THE 2 nd MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP (December 19 th, 2013, Ankara) "Encouraging Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the COMCEC Region for Increasing Agricultural Productivity" Registration Opening Remarks The COMCEC Agriculture Outlook - Presentation: Dr. Taylan KIYMAZ Director COMCEC Coordination Office State of Agriculture and Agricultural FDIs in the World - Presentation: Mr. Matthijs WEEINK Director Investment Consulting Associates (ICA) - Question(s) for Discussion How your country perceives the recent global trends regarding agricultural FDIs? Coffee Break 24

29 Investment Climate and Potential for Attracting Agricultural FDIs in the COMCEC Region - Presentation: Mr. Charles KRAKOFF Expert Investment Consulting Associates (ICA) Lunch - Question(s) for Discussion Member State Presentations - Sharing Experiences and Good Practices in Agricultural FDIs. - Question(s) for Discussion What are the policies/programs implemented in your country for attracting agricultural FDIs? Coffee Break What are the main challenges faced by your country in attracting agricultural FDIs? How can these challenges be overcome and how can the cooperation among the Member States be constituted in order to handle these issues? Private Sector Perspective on Agricultural FDIs - Presentation: Mr. Ali BARUTÇUOĞLU Manager Gübre Fabrikaları T.A.Ş - Presentation: Dr. Hayri DENİZ Director Kılıç Seafood Production and Trade Inc. - Question(s) for Discussion Does your country have programs/projects for encouraging private sector investments in the field of agriculture? What are your country experiences regarding these programmes/projects? Closing Remarks 25

30 Annex 3: List of Participants LIST OF PARTICIPANTS OF 2 ND MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP A. INVITED STATES REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA (December 19 th, 2013, Ankara) - Mr. HANIF SALIM Minister Counselor of the Indonesian Embassy in Ankara ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN - Mr. YAGHOUB ALI DARABI Senior Expert, Ministry of Agriculture REPUBLIC OF IRAQ - Ms. LAMIA AL-REKABI Programming Experet in Agricultural Projects, Ministry of Agriculture HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN - Mr. JANTI GLAZOGA Minister Plenipotentiary of the Embassy of Jordan in Ankara ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN - Mr. NADEEM AMJAD Chief Scientist-II/Member, Ministry of National Food Security and Research - Mr. ANJUM MUNIR Director, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council STATE OF PALESTINE - Mr. SAMER ALTEETI Director of Policies and Planning Department, Ministry of Agriculture - Mr. AHMED HAJJAJ Director of Marketing Services, Ministry of Agriculture KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA - Dr. SAAD BIN ABDULLAH KHALIL ESA Director, King Abdullah Initative for Agricultural Investment Abroad, Ministry of Agriculture 26

31 - Mr. MOSLEH AL-GHAMDI Director General of Economic Research and Statistics Department, Ministry of Agriculture REPUBLIC OF TUNISIA - Mr. BECHIR OUNISSI Partnership Department Manager, Agricultural Investment Promotion Agency (APIA) REPUBLIC OF TURKEY - Doç. Dr. MASUM BURAK Director General, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. KENAN YALVAÇ Director General, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. METİN TÜRKER Deputy Director General, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. NEVZAT BİRİŞİK Deputy Director General, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Ms. DENİZ BERBER Head of Department, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. Bülent SÖNMEZ Head of Department, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. ABDULLAH AHMET ANTALYALI Head of Department, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. BARAN KENAN POLAT Head of Section, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. KERAMETTİN DURSUN Press and Public Relations Manager, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. RIFAT ŞAHİN Head of Section, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. ADNAN HORAN Coordinator, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Dr. UFUK BAĞCI Engineer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. CAN DEVİN İÇEL Expert, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. ÖMER ÖZEL Expert, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock 27

32 - Mr. ERSİN DİLBER Expert, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. M. FATİH AKTAY Expert, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Ms. ESRA ÇALIŞKAN Food Engineer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. KÜRŞAT ALBAYRAK Veterinarian, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. SUAT AKGÜL Coordinator, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Ms. GÜLSER FİDANCI Senior Agriculture Officer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. TUNÇ DENİZ ŞENSOY Engineer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. TEOMAN YAĞLI Engineer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. İLKER MANYAZ Director of Working Group on Externally Financed Projects, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. YUSUF YILDIRIM Engineer, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock - Mr. FERHAT ŞENEL Deputy Director General, GÜBRETAŞ - Mr. ALİ BARUTÇUOĞLU Office Manager, GÜBRETAŞ REPUBLIC OF UGANDA - Dr. CHARLES P. MUKAMA Senior Veterinary Inspector, Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries GUEST - Mr. MATTHIJS FREDERIK WEEINK President APAC, Investment Consulting Associates (ICA) - Mr. CHARLES KRAKOFF Senior Associate, Investment Consulting Associates (ICA) - Dr. HAYRİ DENİZ Director of Overseas Investments and International Relations, Kılıç Holding 28

33 - Mr. OĞUZHAN AKYILDIRIM Researcher - Mr. BAYRAM SAMET ŞAHİN Researcher - Prof. Dr. HALUK KASNAKOĞLU Researcher B. INVITED INSTITUTIONS STATISTICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER FOR ISLAMIC COUNTRIES (SESRIC) - Mr. MAZHAR HUSSAIN Senior Researcher C. COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE - Mr. METİN EKER Director General, Head of COMCEC Coordination Office - Mr. MUSTAFA TEKİN Head of Department - Mr. SELÇUK KOÇ Head of Department - Dr. TAYLAN KIYMAZ Head of Department - Mr. HAKAN GÜNLÜ Expert, Drafting - Mr. DENİZ GÖLE Expert, Drafting - Mr. NAZIM GÜMÜŞ Protocol Relations - Mr. NİHAT AKBALIK Protocol Relations - Mr. MEHMET FİDAN Assistant Expert, Drafting - Mr. MUSTAFA ADİL SAYAR Assistant Expert, Drafting - Mr. MEHMET C. AKTAŞ Assistant Expert, Drafting 29

34 - Ms. MÜKERREM ÖZKILIÇ Coordinator of Registration Office - Ms. EMİNE DEMİREL Coordinator of Documentation Center - Mr. KEMAL ARSLAN Coordinator of Meeting Rooms - Mr. ERCAN İBİK Coordinator of Transportation - Ms. LEYLA AŞK Social Program 30