5E Lesson Template-Exploring the Grand Canyon s Geology

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1 5E Lesson Template-Exploring the Grand Canyon s Geology Lesson Author(s) Lesson Title Lindy Bachman The Grand Canyon and Mars- Not So Different After All? Lesson Source Technology Needs (if any) Computer with Google Earth Date/Time Lesson to be Taught School Supervising Teacher Subject? Lesson Concepts Objectives Science Students will be able to identify the Grand Canyon and be able to apply the idea soil types and erosion to habitats on Mars 1) Explore the major, successive rock formations of the Grand Canyon. 2) Be able to understand how erosive forces such as water can create canyons. 3) Relate the erosive force of water to the valleys on Mars. 4) Relate the type of soil in the canyon to that of Mars. CO State Standards 3.1 Major geologic events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mid- ocean ridges, and mountain formation are associated with plate boundaries and attributed to plate motions. Materials List and Advanced Preparation Computer with Google Earth. Copies of worksheet. Safety Accommodations for Learners with Special Needs n/a Low: Drawing of the Grand Canyon with labels. High: Is Mars still being carved by water? Research.

2 Name: Student Activity: Grand Canyon and Mars-Not So Different After All? It is the longest and largest canyon in the United States and one of the largest in the world: The Grand Canyon. It is 277 miles long, 18 miles wide, and 6,000 ft. deep. Even if you took all of humanity that has ever existed, about 160 billion people, and placed them in 15 piles, it wouldn't cover the Grand Canyon. Not even a significant fraction! It is amazing how massive this canyon is. However, there is an even bigger canyon. One that rivals the Grand Canyon to the point that it is nearly 10 times as long and wide and 3 times as deep as the Grand Canyon. If this canyon system existed on Earth, it would stretch from San Francisco to Boston: essentially the entire length of the U.S. So what do these canyons have in common? What might have carved these massive cuts in the planets surfaces? Let s find out! Directions: Exploring the Grand Canyon 1. Open Google Earth. 2. Type in Grand Canyon into the search bar on top left. 3. Examine the aerial view of the canyon. Write down a description of observations you see. 4. On the back of this paper, draw a 2D representation of the Grand Canyon from a birds-eye perspective. 5. Zoom in and explore area. Drag the yellow person into the inside of the canyon. What can you see that is carving the canyon? 6. Notice the different layers of rock. Why do you think many of the rock layers are red? (Hint: It is an element on the periodic table) 7. On the back of your paper, draw a cross-sectional diagram of the layers of rock.

3 Exploring Mars 1. While in Google Earth, click on orange, planet icon at top. Select Mars. 2. Explore the planet. Zoom in until you are able to see some of the features and names of the Mars landscape. 3. Write down what you notice about the surface of Mars. Are there any landforms (volcanoes, glaciers, craters, etc.) that you might also see on Earth? Give examples. 4. Compare the soil on Mars to that of the Grand Canyon. Is it similar or different? Why? 5) Now go up to the search button on the top. Type in Valles Marineris and click search. 6) Under layers on the side bar, click Global Maps. a. Select Viking Color Imagery 7) You may have to zoom back out halfway. You are looking at a canyon on Mars named Valles Marineris. 8. Draw a 2D representation of the canyon from a birds-eye view 9. What do you notice in terms of its similarity to the Grand Canyon (ex: soil color, how it formed)? _ 10) Based on what you know about the inside of Grand Canyon, what do you think the inside of VIlle Minereris looks like? _

4 1. ENGAGEMENT Time:3 Minutes What the Teacher Will Do Have students read the introduction and facts about the Grand Canyon. What do you know about the Grand Canyon? What does it have in common to the planet Mars? There are canyons on Mars similar to Earth and formed the same way. There are not landforms on Mars like that of Earth. Read the introduction and respond to the probing questions orally after reading. Begin critically thinking if there are similarities among planets, such as landforms. Begin thinking what these might be. 2. EXPLORATION Time: 15 Minutes Aid students in exploring the Grand Canyon and Mars while asking probing questions. What do you notice about the soil? Any landforms present? Answers to probing questions orally. The soil is different because it s on different planets (The soil is similar because of the presence of iron). There are landforms but I don t know what they are (I see similar features formed in similar ways, such as glaciers, alluvial fans, etc.). Will be able to visually make observations of the planets.

5 3. EXPLANATION Time: 15 Minutes Check questions as they write. How do you think the canyon formed on Earth? What about Mars? Do you think its still forming on Mars? Answering questions on sheet. I think its from tectonic plates. (Water). I don t think Mars is the same as Earth (It has some similar formations). I think it is still eroding like the canyon (Without the presence of liquid water, it is not still forming). Be able to see. 4. ELABORATION Time: Minutes Help students draw conclusions from the appearance of the Grand Canyon and the Villes Mireneris. What do you notice as similar between the two? Did they form in the same way? Not detailed enough drawing. Does not show aerial patterns of formations. 2-D Drawings of each. Be able to see similarities of the two canyons. 5. EVALUATION Time: Minutes Differentiation Low: just include drawings and write down a few notes on similarities. Time: N/A Advanced: Explain if they think, based on the soil on Grand Canyon and Mars,you might grow plants on Mars and if, so, what types?

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