Promotion of Electric Two-Wheelers and Solar Energy in Vietnamese Cities: An Explorative Project Initiated and Tested in Hanoi.

Transcription

1 Promotion of Electric Two-Wheelers and Solar Energy in Vietnamese Cities: An Explorative Project Initiated and Tested in Hanoi. Findings of the baseline study Dr. Do Khac Uan Hanoi University of Science and Technology Mr. Ywert Visser Independent consultant Hanoi, 06 June 2013

2 Overview of the presentation Project introduction E-bike survey results (GHG) emission reduction Question and answers

3 Context / Rationale Vietnam is on one of top-ten countries with the worst air pollution Gasoline motorbikes are the main contributor to urban air quality problems E-bikes suffer from image problems and discouraged policies 3

4

5 5

6 Terra Motors donated 15 e-scooters to Caritas Switzerland

7 Representatives of Terra Motors and Caritas Switzerland at testing site in HCMC

8 E-bike 101 Electric scooter Electric bicycle Pedal assist bicycle (pedelec) Conversion kit

9 Purpose of e-bike survey Collect data on student transportation behaviour/expenses Determine current awareness and perception of e-bikes Discover rationale for not using / using e-bikes Note: Survey not specifically for e-bike users only. Any student could participate!

10 Survey implementation (1/2) One survey form (but specific e-bike user questions) Initial distribution through focal points (students) at 5 selected universities and high schools in Hanoi. Additional (separate) supplier survey. Purpose: validate student survey / obtain market data. Result: More than 310 student surveys collected More than 47 supplier surveys collected (~ 90% usable/valid)

11 Survey implementation (2/2) Participating high schools (34%) and universities (66%): Hanoi University of Science and Technology: Hanoi University of Science and Technology: 25% National Economics University: 17% Hanoi Foreign Trade University: 18% Chu Van An High School: 14% HUS High School for Gifted Students: 20% Hanoi of Civil and Engineering, Vietnam University of Commerce, Banking Academy: 6%

12 Survey findings General observations: The average distance travelled is 12.3 km per day or 83.2 km per week, perfect for e-bikes! Most users between 16 and 23, average nearly 18 years old Transportation spending: average 172,000 VND/month (?) Average income of students is 2 million VND Generous parents Most used travel modes (3): Bicycle: 67%, bus 57%, motorbike: 53%, walking: 41%

13 Survey findings (non e-bike users) Main motivation to use e-bike: 1: save money on transport 2: protect environment 3: avoid noise 4: easier to drive than motorbike But, do you want an e-bike?

14 Survey findings (non e-bike users) Do you want a e-bike: 8% said yes 18% said maybe 74% said no! Main reasons: Limited knowledge and practical experience with e-bikes: ( How do I recharge?, The travel range is too limited, too slow, Quality concerns. AND: Already owning another vehicle!

15 Survey findings (non e-bike users) Interestingly: Image and perception regarding e-bikes does not affect e-bike usage. Students do not worry about impression on their friends or status looking cool when it comes to e- bikes.

16 Survey findings (e-bike users) What do e-bike users think of their vehicles? Especially in areas that are of concern to the non-users?

17 Survey findings (e-bike users) People that use an e-bike are very positive about their vehicle: 75% users: e-bike is better than expected Domain Satisfied or very satisfied Neutral Total Quality 52% 42% 94% Reliability 45% 54% 99% Speed 42% 52% 94% Recharging 51% 48% 99% Travel range 60% 33% 93% Non-e-bike users have nothing to worry about!

18 E-bike usage: Mostly Japanese branded e-scooters (47%) and electric bicycles (44%) Yamaha: 47%, Honda: 19%, Giant: 12% 43% has used an e-bike for more than 1 year! Mostly bought by parents 89% and 6% buys themselves Mostly used for school and leisure travel

19 E-bike usage: 51% of e-bike owners has another vehicle (29% for non-e-bike users) E-bikes are mostly displaces combination of: walking-bicycle-bus or walking-motorbike-bus

20 Policy Research shows positive impact of e-bikes when used for trips < 5 km But policies are currently not promoting e-bikes Main issue: Import tariff normally > 65% (+ 10% VAT...) Side effects: Lower quality / obsolete technology (lead acid batteries) Affecting increased use of e-bikes One supplier noted that a lithium-ion e-bike in China was cheaper than a lead-acid vehicle in Vietnam.

21 (GHG) emission reduction Increased use of e-bikes has tremendous beneficial effect on ambient air quality and GHG emission reduction: (taking into account production/power emissions): Pollutant Electric Electric 4-stroke bicycle Scooter motorbike CO 2 (g/km) CO (mg/100 km) ,250,000 NO X (g/100 km) PM 10 (g/100 km) Source: ADB, 2009 (conservative estimate)

22 (GHG) emission reduction According to survey students travel 83.2 km per week (assume 40 week / year) = 3,328 km/year Pollutant Electric Scooter 4-stroke motorbike Emission reduction per vehicle CO 2 (g) 53, , ,459 (-71%) NOX (g/100 km) (-89%) Source: ADB, 2009 (conservative estimate) PM 10 (g/100km) (-96%)

23 Conclusion/recommendations: Let non-e-bike users/policymakers experience an e-bike (electric smile )

24 Questions and answers