Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever

Transcription

1 Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training

2 Trainer s Tips Start with the introductory module: This training is part of a broader health training curriculum. We recommend starting with the introductory module, Our Health Is Important. HERproject Toolbuilder: Use the pictures in the HERproject Toolbuilder to develop your own personal materials focused on insectborne diseases. der Overview This is a guide for a one-hour training about malaria and dengue fever. This training will work best used in groups of between 10 and 40 people and can be used with mixed groups of men and women or separately. What Is Included? This packet will help you lead a session on malaria and dengue fever. It includes a proposed training agenda, the materials needed to conduct the training, key messages to emphasize during the training, and examples of what to say while training. What if This Is My First Training on Malaria and Dengue Fever? While it can be intimidating to give a training for the first time, everyone has something to offer and something to learn. Preparing for the training by reviewing the lesson and key messages before the training will help you to feel familiar and comfortable with the content. If someone asks a question during the training that you do not know the answer to, it is important that you say I do not know and then follow up with a health care professional in order to provide accurate information. No one trainer can have all of the answers it is okay to say I don t know. Only provide information that you are certain is accurate. How Do I Use the Document? How much time you need for each section is indicated at the beginning of every section. The numbered items show the order of tasks to be completed by the trainer. Italics (slanted letters) provide an example of what a trainer can say to the participants. Trainer s Tips provide helpful information about how to conduct a session. The Trainer s Tips might provide guidance on how to encourage participation or how to adapt a training to respond to differences in beliefs or behaviors in different places or among different groups of people. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 2

3 Trainer s Tips Be prepared: Before starting the training it is important that you familiarize yourself with the training agenda, review and understand the key messages, and gather materials for the training. Prepare the location: Think about where you are going to have the training. To encourage participation, it is important that the place have enough privacy that no one outside the training can see or hear what is being discussed. It also helps for the training to be conducted in a quiet location without distractions. Plan the timing: Consider the best timing for the training. If possible, it is best to conduct the training when the trainees are alert. Having a training after work or before meals may not be as effective because the trainees might be too tired or too hungry. Prepare for the Training Agenda Familiarize yourself with the agenda of the meeting. The one-hour training agenda below provides guidance about how much time you should spend on each section of the meeting. Time Topics 5 minutes Open the Meeting 5 minutes Introduce Malaria 5 minutes Introduce Dengue Fever 10 minutes Identifying Malaria and Dengue Fever Activity 20 minutes Protecting against Malaria and Dengue Fever 10 minutes Preventing Mosquito Bites 5 minutes Close the Training Understand the Key Messages Before starting the training, it is important to understand the key lessons to be emphasized during the training. Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever Key Messages» Malaria and dengue are serious diseases that are spread by mosquitoes.» If you have symptoms of malaria or dengue fever, it is important to see a health care professional right away.» Use a mosquito coil, an insecticide-treated bed net, or repellents to protect yourself against mosquitoes that could transmit malaria and dengue fever.» Getting rid of standing water and other conditions that allow mosquitoes to breed is the best way to prevent malaria and dengue fever. Gather Materials The materials listed below will be used during the malaria and dengue fever training: 1. Flip chart and markers 2. Several pieces of paper to use as signs in the small group activity: Half have MALARIA written on them, the other half with DENGUE written on them, translated into the language of the training participants as appropriate. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 3

4 3. Mosquito coil, treated bed net, and insect repellent 4. Paper and pencils: Each participant will need one sheet of paper and one pencil. 5. Prepare a list of places where a mosquito coil, treated bed net, or insect repellent can be purchased. Also record the prices of each. In some regions, bed nets can be obtained free or for reduced prices at local clinics or from the government. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 4

5 Trainer s Tips Introduce the trainer and participants When possible, use a fun and interactive way to introduce participants. For example, you might divide participants into two groups and ask one person in each group to identify all of the people in their group. See which participant can remember all of the names of the participants in their group. Ensure confidentiality: Because the goal is to enable everyone to speak openly, explain that the group must promise not to talk about who said what or asked which questions in the training. Communicate effectively: Below are some tips on how to communicate effectively.» During the session, if someone asks a question, give him or her your full attention.» Listen carefully to the participants and ask clarifying questions if you do not understand the question or comment.» After participants have answered a question, paraphrase and clarify answers so that everyone in the room understands.» Reassure the participants that it is good to ask questions. Use introductory questions: Introductory questions help people participate in a training in an easy way for the first time. Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training Open the Meeting Time: 5 minutes TRAINER: Open the meeting by (1) introducing the trainer and participants and (2) introducing the subject. 1. Introduce the trainer and trainees Open the training by introducing yourself and the participants. When possible, use a fun and interactive way to introduce participants. 2. Introduce the topic Discuss what the training is about. Ask the participants to raise their hands in response to these questions:» Who has been bitten by a mosquito?» Who has gotten sick from being bitten by a mosquito? There are actually two serious illnesses that are transmitted by mosquitoes, they are called malaria and dengue fever. Today we are going to learn about malaria and dengue, and then we are going to learn together how to prevent getting these diseases. What Is Malaria? Time: 5 minutes TRAINER: During this time you will introduce (1) what malaria is, (2) the signs and symptoms of malaria, and (3) what to do if someone has malaria. 3. Introduce malaria Ask a few introductory questions: Raise your hand if you have heard of malaria before. How many of you know someone who has had malaria? How does someone get malaria? Introduce malaria. It may be helpful to have a flip chart or PowerPoint slideshow with images. Malaria is an infection of the blood that causes chills and high fever. Malaria is spread by mosquitoes. The mosquito sucks up the malaria parasites in the blood of an infected person and injects them into the next person it bites. Then that person becomes sick. Malaria occurs more often during hot, rainy seasons. The mosquito that causes malaria tends to bite at dusk or at night. That is why it is so important to sleep under a insecticide-treated bed net or use other prevention methods in the evening. We will talk about these prevention methods later in our session. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 5

6 Ask participants a question: Who can get malaria? Malaria can affect anyone who has been bitten by an infected mosquito. That said, some people are more likely to get infected with malaria or will become more ill than others. For example, people with HIV are twice as likely to catch malaria. Small children may have more severe reactions to malaria. Because of this, malaria is one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of five. Children who are breast-fed, however, are less likely to get malaria. Also, malaria can be very dangerous for pregnant women. Ask participants if they have any questions about malaria. Always correct any false statements. 4. Introduce the symptoms of malaria Let s talk about how we can recognize the signs of malaria. If someone is sick with malaria, he or she will get sick in three different stages.» Stage 1: The person will have chills and a headache, which will last for 15 minutes to one hour.» Stage 2: The chills will be followed by a fever of about 40 C or more. The person will be weak or flushed (red skin) and may become delirious (not in his right mind). The fever may last several hours or even days.» Stage 3: Finally, the person will begin to sweat, and his temperature will go down. After an attack the person will feel weak but may feel OK. If the person does not get treated, Stages 1, 2, and 3 will repeat usually every two or three days. If someone has these symptoms, it is important to take him or her to a health center immediately where a health worker can give you medicine to treat malaria. Different medicines cure malaria in different regions. Be sure that you or your family member finishes the entire amount of medicines that you are given. Ask participants if they have any questions about the signs and symptoms of malaria or what to do if someone has malaria. Always correct any false statements. What Is Dengue Fever? Time: 5 minutes TRAINER: During this time you will introduce (1) what dengue is, (2) the signs and symptoms of dengue, and (3) what to do if someone has dengue. 5. Introduce dengue fever Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a severe flulike illness. Like malaria, dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes. Dengue is very common, especially in hot and tropical climates. There are different kinds of dengue fever. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the most severe form of dengue infection and can lead to death. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 6

7 Trainer s Tips Address cost: Some participants may say that the cost of buying mosquito repellents, coils, or bed nets is too costly. Discuss the seriousness of malaria to a small child or to a family member or a worker herself. Then discuss the cost of a worker or family member getting sick. Ask participants the following questions:» How many days of work would you miss if your child had malaria?» How much money would you lose because you missed that work?» Now think about the cost of the malaria prevention method. Does it cost less than the amount of days that you would miss if you or a family member became sick would cost you? 6. Introduce the signs and symptoms of dengue Generally, younger children and those with their first dengue infection have a milder illness than older children and adults. Dengue is very painful and also sometimes returns even after the sick person seems to be getting better. Symptoms of dengue include: Severe headaches Severe pain behind the eyes Fever Rash Mild bleeding from the nose or gums Joint muscle and bone pain 7. Introduce what to do if someone has dengue There is no medication to cure dengue fever, but acetaminophen pain relievers do not use aspirin or ibuprofen will make you feel better. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see a health care provider. If vomiting and severe abdominal pain develop, in the first 24 hours after the fever declines, you should go immediately to a doctor or health clinic. If small dark spots appear (which show there is bleeding into the skin), go to a hospital immediately. When a person is infected with dengue fever, recognizing it early and taking the above steps right away can greatly lower the risk of developing the severe forms of the disease. 8. Respond to questions Ask participants if they have any questions about either malaria or dengue fever. Always correct any false statements. Identifying Malaria and Dengue Fever Activity Time: 10 minutes TRAINER: During this time participants will engage in an activity to help them solidify what they have learned thus far in the training. 9. Do the Malaria and Dengue Fever Activity SET UP THE ACTIVITY Divide participants into small groups (four to five people). Give half of the small groups a sign that says DENGUE and the other half of the small group a sign that says MALARIA. DO THE ACTIVITY During the activity, you will read aloud facts about either dengue or malaria. Instruct the small groups to hold up their sign if the fact applies to their disease. After reading the fact, explain whether the answer is malaria or dengue fever. Fact 1: Generally, younger children and those with their first infection have a milder illness than older children and adults. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 7

8 This is true of dengue fever. Unlike dengue, children, particularly under the age of five, who get malaria often get much sicker than adults. Malaria is very dangerous for everyone, but particularly for small children. Fact 2: Severe headaches are a symptom of this disease. Severe headaches are a symptom of both dengue fever and malaria. Fact 3: If someone is sick with this disease, he or she will get sick in three different stages. This is true of malaria. Fact 4: This disease is spread by mosquitoes. This is true of both dengue fever and malaria. Fact 5: In addition to a severe headache, some symptoms of this disease include severe pain behind the eyes, joint pain, a rash, mild bleeding, and muscle and bone pain. This is true of dengue fever. Fact 6: If someone has symptoms of this disease, you should take him or her to a health care provider. This is true of both dengue fever and malaria. Fact 7: Children who were breast-fed are less likely to get this disease than children who were not. This is true of malaria. Protecting against Malaria and Dengue Fever Time: 30 minutes (10 minutes for each exercise and discussion) TRAINER: During this time participants will learn methods to protect themselves and their families from malaria and dengue. 10. Getting rid of mosquitoes exercise The best way to prevent mosquito bites is to get rid of areas near your house and work where mosquitoes might live and breed (have babies). Mosquitoes breed in water that is not flowing. Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water. It takes about seven days for mosquito eggs to hatch. By getting rid of standing water once a week or by making water move and flow, you will interrupt mosquito breeding, which in turn keeps them from spreading diseases. Things like old car tires, cans, barrels, and pots might gather water when it rains, and then these become places where mosquitoes can lay eggs. Also, ditches, uncovered water storage containers, and any standing water inside the house can also be places where this happens. If you clean these or cover them, you can reduce the amount of mosquitoes near your home. In your home, keep water containers covered so that mosquitoes cannot get to them. Who knows of somewhere there might be standing water near your house? Invite one or two people to share where the standing water might be. Provide each participant with a sheet of paper and a pencil. Ask participants to draw a map of where they live, including the building in which they live and the BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 8

9 immediate neighborhood around it. Next ask participants to identify where standing water exists either in their home or in their community. Give participants about five minutes to draw the picture. Discuss how participants can get rid of standing water in their homes and community. 11. Preventing mosquito bites Once we have done a good job getting rid of mosquitoes, we have to protect ourselves against mosquito bites. Ask the participants: How can we protect ourselves from mosquito bites? Write down all of their answers on a flip chart. Read through each of the options, and discuss whether it is a good way to protect against mosquito bites or not. Always correct any false statements out loud, and cross them off on the list. Today we will learn about four ways to protect against mosquito bites and that can help you and your family avoid getting the illnesses malaria and dengue fever. As you discuss each of the methods for protecting against mosquito bites, show the physical object. Repellents: Repellents are lotions or sprays that can be applied to our skin or clothing to repel mosquitoes. Ask questions to gauge participants experiences with repellents. Has anyone ever used a repellent before? What did you like about the repellent? What did you dislike about the repellent? Where can you buy a repellent? If participants do not know where to buy repellent, provide them with some places that repellent can be purchased. Mosquito coil: Burning a mosquito coil releases a smoke that repels mosquitoes. Demonstrate how the coil works. Ask questions to gauge participants experiences with coils. Has anyone ever used a coil before? What did you like about the coil? What did you not like about the coil? Where could you buy a coil? If participants do not know where to buy a coil, mention some places where they can purchase coils. Mosquito net: Hold up the net. Does anyone know what this is? This is a mosquito net. Putting a mosquito net over our beds can protect us from mosquito bites at night. It is important that the net be treated with insecticide. Ask questions to gauge participants experiences with mosquito nets. Has anyone ever used a mosquito net before? What did you like about the mosquito net? What did you not like about the mosquito net? Where could you get a mosquito net? If participants do not know where to get a mosquito net, list some places where they can purchase mosquito nets. Medicine: In some cases, medicine can protect us from malaria. Some medicines can only be taken for a limited period of time. Pregnant women and people with HIV may want to take medicines to prevent malaria. Talk to a doctor first to decide which medicine is best for you. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 9

10 12. Give participants time to become familiar with the prevention methods and to ask questions Break participants into three groups. Give each group one prevention method: a coil, mosquito net, or repellent. Allow the participants to look at, touch, and experiment with each of the objects. Ensure that participants have time to ask questions about the prevention method. After five minutes, rotate the prevention methods so that each group has time to look at a second method. Do this again after five minutes so that all participants have time to look at each prevention method. Close the Training Time: 5 minutes TRAINER: During this time you will ask the group a series of questions that help them together summarize and reflect on the knowledge they have learned. 13. Review participants knowledge Ask the group a series of questions to help them summarize together and reflect on the knowledge they have learned. If possible, give away the prevention materials coil, repellent, and bed net to people who answer questions correctly. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Question: How can we reduce the number of mosquitoes near our home? Answer: By getting rid of standing water, like in old tires, or ditches, or in empty cans Question: What are the symptoms of malaria, and what should you do when you have them or someone in your family has them? Answer: Chills and being cold for 15 minutes to one hour and then a high fever for multiple days. If someone seems to have malaria, they should go to the doctor for medicine to make them better. Question: What are different things we can use to get fewer mosquito bites? Answer: Bed nets, coils, and repellent Question: For which people is malaria more dangerous? Answer: Malaria is dangerous for everybody but is especially dangerous for pregnant women, children younger than five, and people with HIV. Pregnant women and people with HIV can get medicine from the doctor to prevent malaria. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 10

11 14. Encourage the participants to act Ask the participants:» Now that we have talked about dengue fever and malaria, who is one person that you can share what you learned today with?» What is one thing that you have learned today that you will be able to put into practice?» What else would you like to learn about malaria and dengue fever? 15. Test participants knowledge Administer the Insect Borne Diseases Post Training Quiz immediately or shortly after the training. BSR HERproject Serious Illnesses Malaria and Dengue Fever One-Hour Training 11