Phrase vs. Clause. Phrase: a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb. Clause: a group of words with both a subject and a verb

Transcription

1 Phrase vs. Clause Phrase: a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb Clause: a group of words with both a subject and a verb

2 Types of Clauses Independent Clause (I.C.) a group of words with both a subject and verb that can stand alone as a sentence Examples: I like pizza. I have a dog. Robert runs fast.

3 Types of Clauses continued Dependent Clause, also called Subordinate Clause (D.C.) a group of words with both a subject and verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence Examples: When I grow up Because I like gravy If we win the lottery Since it is raining After we came home Although he is my friend Whenever Sam calls Before you go home Unless we win the game While you eat dinner Wherever we drive Anywhere he stands

4 Types of Sentences Simple = I.C. Examples: We went outside. I passed English. The puppy is sleeping.

5 Types of Sentences continued Compound = I.C. + I.C. Examples: We went outside, and the sun was shining. I passed English; I studied so hard. The independent clauses must be joined either by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) or by a semicolon.

6 Types of Sentences continued Complex = I.C. + D.C. Examples: I passed English since I studied very diligently. Because the sun was shining, we went outside. *When the dependent clause comes first, it must be followed by a comma. *You don t need a comma when you write the dependent clause last.

7 Types of Sentences continued Compound-Complex = I.C. + I.C. + D.C. Examples: We went outside, and it was a beautiful day because the rain had stopped. We went outside because the rain had stopped, for it was a beautiful day. Because the rain had stopped, we went outside; it was a beautiful day.

8 What type of sentence is this? Last night the puppy was sleeping on a rug under the stairs with her mother happily snoozing by her side.

9 Participles A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective. It describes a noun or a pronoun. the sleeping child a flying bug A participial phrase is a phrase with the participle and its modifiers and complements. Dancing crazily, the flower girl made every member of the wedding party smile.

10 Present Participle = a participle with a present tense verb Misplaced or dangling participle: the participial phrase modifies the wrong object. Drifting gently to the ground, Jordan was overwhelmed by the beauty of the snow. Corrected: Drifting gently to the ground, the snow was overwhelmingly beautiful to Jordan.

11 Past Participles Our repaired window shows no sign of the rock that crashed through it. A hush fell on the crowd as the injured player was carted off the field. The polluted bay cannot sustain any marine life. A watched pot never boils, but the liquid inside it does.

12 Find the Past Participial Phrase My brother, known to everyone at school as a math whiz, became an engineer. Concerned about her home, the elderly woman refused to leave it when the storm blew through. Published in 2006, Twilight has been an extraordinary success in the world of popular fiction. My cousin, excited to begin skiing, jumped from the lift and fell right on his face.

13 Gerunds A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun. It may be a subject or an object within a sentence. Dancing is my first love. My favorite sport is swimming.

14 Infinitives An infinitive is a verb form that is usually introduced by to; the infinitive may be used as a noun, as an adjective, or as an adverb. To succeed is not easy. That is the most important thing to remember. Students are wise to work hard.

15 All of the following sentences are correct; which might have the strongest impact on a reader? My new dress, splashed with yellow paint, was ruined. Splashed with yellow paint, my new dress was ruined. My new dress was ruined, splashed with yellow paint.