Moving Plates Questions. Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary

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1 Unit 9 ~ Learning Guide Name: Instructions: Using a pencil, complete the following notes as you work through the related lessons. Show ALL work as is explained in the lessons. You are required to have this package completed BEFORE you write your unit test. Do your best and ask questions if you don t understand anything! Moving Plates Questions 1. Complete the table with a labelled diagram of each type of plate boundary, an explanation of each type of boundary along with the effects the boundaries have, and an example of where this type of boundary is found in the world. Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary

2 2. Please watch the video to answer the following questions. a) What was the name of the meteorologist and geophysicists who first wrote about continental drift? What was the name of the book he wrote? b) Which type of plate boundary is believed to have separated North and South America from Africa and Europe? c) What are the devastating effects of plate tectonics? d) Which type of volcanism is most dangerous? Given an example. e) How are landslides caused by plate boundaries? f) How are tsunamis caused by convergence? Earthquakes Questions 1. Explain what an earthquake is and how they are caused.

3 2. Complete the table below with point-form notes about the causes and characteristics of earthquakes at each type of boundary. You should have several point form notes (3-5). Earthquakes at Earthquakes at Divergent Earthquakes at Transform Convergent Fault 3. What are seismic waves caused and how do they relate to the destruction caused by earthquakes? 4. Use the Venn diagram below to compare the similarities and difference between Primary- Waves (P-Waves) and Secondary-Waves (S-Waves) produced by seismic waves. Use point form to complete the diagram.

4 5. What are some of the causes of tsunamis? 6. What height (meters) and speed (km/h) can tsunamis reach? 7. What happens when tsunamis reach shallower water? 8. What factors affect how destructive a tsunami is? Volcano Questions 1. What is a volcano and where do they usually occur?

5 2. Complete the table with point-form notes about the formation and characteristics of each type of volcano at the different plate boundaries. Divergent Convergent Hot Spots 3. List the plate boundaries where volcanoes are found in British Columbia? Are they located anywhere else in B.C.? 4. List the volcanoes in each plate boundary area or hot spots in B.C. Plate Boundary/Hot Spot Divergent Boundary Volcanoes Listed Hot Spot Convergent Boundary

6 Answer Key Moving Plates Answers: 1. Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary -two plates are moving towards each other causing one to sink beneath the other -called a subduction zone -three types of convergent boundaries (oceanic-oceanic, oceaniccontinental, continental-continental) -plates are moving away from each other -as the plates move apart, magma comes to the surface to create new crust -the magma cools and hardens and creates a ridge of rock -the ridges can rise above the ocean floor -on land, divergent boundaries can create valleys called rifts -two plates are sliding past one another creating an area called a fault -the plates are moving in opposite directions or in the same direction but at different rates -most transform fault boundaries are on the ocean floor and earthquakes occur at these boundaries -Mariana Trench, the Himalayas, off of Vancouver Island the Juan de Fuca Plate is sinking below the North American Plate -Mid-Atlantic Ridge has risen above the ocean floor -There are rifts in Iceland that are clearly visible -one of the few examples on land is in California where the Pacific Plates and the North America Plates are sliding past each other creating a visible fault 2. a) Alfred Wagner first wrote "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" in 1915, b) a divergent plate boundary, c) earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes, d) when convergence and subduction occur and magma drills through with a high silica content to create volcanoes like Mt. St Helens or Krakatoa, e) slopes over-steepen, f) a section of sea floor can pop up and displace to water, it then travels back to land at 500 km/h. Earthquakes Answers: 1. An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the release of energy stored in rocks. This energy can be built up and stored for many years and then released in seconds or minutes. Earthquakes are produced at plate boundaries where two plates are colliding, spreading apart, or sliding past each other 2. Earthquakes at Divergent Plates move apart Magma forced upward toward crust Pressure builds Plates pushed apart causing earthquake Earthquakes at Convergent Plates move together, get stuck Pressure builds Sudden movement may cause an earthquake Usually a subduction Juan de Fuca Plate and North American plate 200 earthquakes per year Earthquakes at Transform Fault Sudden movement causes quake Plates sliding past each other Plates locked together until tension built up

7 3. Seismic waves are the release of energy from ruptured rock. These seismic waves are what produces the destruction that can accompany an earthquake by heaving, shaking, and cracking the ground as they pass through an area Underwater earthquakes and landsides cause tsunamis. 6. Tsunamis can reach heights of 40 meters and 800 km/h. 7. When the wave enters shallow water, the wavelength shortens, and the height increases. 8. The size or the underwater disturbance, the distance the wave travels, and the shape of the coastline it hits. Volcanoes Answers: 1. A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust that erupts in lava, smoke and ash. Volcanoes usually occur at the plate boundaries. 2. Divergent the magma moves to the surface where the plates are moving apart ocean floor and the cooling magma forms a ridge some ridges are high enough that eventually an island could be visible Convergent Hot Spots magma is moving slowly no steam or gases can escape so great pressure builds up Pressure is released in a great explosion of lava and ash Most volcanoes on land occur near convergent boundaries Don't happen at boundaries Magma risen from mantle Higher temperature so lava is runny Volcano doesn't erupt explosively, lava runs out Hot spot fixed as plate moves over it Becomes extinct and new ones form Hawaii is a chain of hot spots 3. Volcanoes are located at both divergent and convergent boundaries. There is also a large area in central BC called the Anahim Volcanic Belt that is a possible hot spot. 4. Plate Boundary/Hot Spot Volcanoes Listed Divergent Boundary Mt. Edziza, Hoodoo Mountain, Iskut, Crow Lagoon Hot Spot Convergent Boundary Mulbanke Sound, Nazko Cone, Satah Mountain Silverthrone Mountain, Bridge River, Mount Meager, Mount Garibaldi