Donald Judd Home + Studio

Transcription

1 Donald Judd Home + Studio 101 Spring Street, New York City 2014 AIA New York Chapter Awards: Architecture February 10, pg. 1

2 In November 68 I bought a cast-iron building in the Cast-Iron District of New York City. The building was built in 1870 and designed by Nicholas Whyte, whose only other cast-iron building is in Brazil. The given circumstances were very simple: the floors must be open, the right angle of windows on each floor must not be interrupted, and any changes must be compatible. My requirements were that the building be useful for living and working and more importantly, more definitely, be a space in which to install work of mine and of others.the renovation of the building and the permanent purpose of the building are precedents for the larger spaces in my place in Texas, Chinati de Mansana, for the Chinati Foundation, and will be for Ayala de Chinati. Donald Judd 101 Spring Street, pg. 2

3 Judd Home + Studio New York City The architect led the comprehensive renovation of 101 Spring Street, the nineteenth century castiron warehouse where the artist Donald Judd lived and worked from 1968 until his death in The building is notable for its elegant, extensively glazed exterior and for Judd s modifications within it. It was here that Judd developed his conception of permanently installed spaces for art. Embodying the Judd Foundation s mission, 101 Spring Street affords the visitor the opportunity to directly encounter the results of Donald Judd s philosophical approach and creative process. In addition to the installed spaces on floors 2-5 which are open for guided tours, short-term exhibitions occur on the ground floor and the Judd Foundation offices occupy the two levels below grade. ROOF 5TH FLOOR The scope included significant exterior and interior work. The building s deteriorated exterior envelope, antiquated steam heating, deficient emergency egress and lack of a certificate of occupancy were among the many problems addressed by the project. The restoration of the historic fabric included cast-iron elements, new fire escape to match existing, new windows matching the historic profiles, new insulated glazing, new structure for the sidewalk vaults, and new foundation waterproofing. Interior work included new fire alarm, new fire protection system, life safety upgrades, mechanical systems (heating, air-conditioning, and humidification) and electrical system upgrades, and renovation of below-grade spaces for existing and new programs. Within very tight physical constraints, modern infrastructure was installed with minimal visual impact to enable the public to experience the subtle relationships between the building and art. 4TH FLOOR 3RD FLOOR 2ND FLOOR 1ST FLOOR CELLAR NEW FLOOR AND/OR CEILING RESTORED CEILING RESTORED ELEMENTS/FINISHES NEW PARTITIONS LIFE SAFETY HVAC SUB CELLAR pg. 3

4 Exterior Restoration Elevations depicting the cast-iron restoration scope. Top: Existing conditions. Bottom: Mock-up in fabrication shop pg. 4

5 Before construction. After restoration pg. 5

6 Mercer Street elevation after restoration pg. 6

7 Before construction. After restoration: All the windows were replaced and 430 pieces of ironwork were recast pg. 7

8 Interior Renovation Longitudinal section. Cross section. Top: Donald Judd s 1968/69 sketch of floor plans of 101 Spring Street. Bottom: Judd in his studio in the 1970 s pg. 8

9 3 1 Sub-Cellar and Cellar Lounge 02 Mechanical Closet 04 Fire Pump 05 Elevator Motor 5 06 Elevator Lobby 07 South Stair 08 Electrical Closet 09 Conference Room 10 Womens WC Mens WC 12 North Stair Janitors Closet 6 Legend: Sub-cellar Plan Legend: 01 Lounge 02 Mechanical 03 Closet 04 Fire Pump 05 Elevator Motor 06 Elevator Lobby 07 South Stair 08 Electrical Closet 09 Conference Room 10 Womens WC 11 Mens WC 12 North Stair 13 Janitors Closet Cellar Plan Legend: 01 Lounge 02 Meeting 03 Water Meter & Gas Meter 04 Elevator Lobby 05 Closet 06 Copy Room 07 Office 08 Pantry 09 North Stair 10 South Stair 11 Server 12 Boiler 0 Cellar before construction: The cellar and sub-cellar were originally storage areas, which Judd modified as bedrooms for his children. Cellar after restoration: New offices for the Judd Foundation are located in the cellar and subcellar. The original glass floor panels were restored to bring daylight inside pg. 9

10 Sub-Cellar and Cellar New oiled steel and slate stair between first floor, cellar, and sub-cellar. Sub-cellar pg. 10

11 First Floor First-floor exterior structural bracing over the sidewalk vault. The entire building was enclosed in a weatherproof scaffold during construction. Mercer Street Spring Street 2 3 First Floor Plan Legend: South Stair 02 Studio 03 North Stair 04 Stair pg. 11

12 Second Floor A fire shutter was installed to separate the stair from the second floor space in the event of a fire. Existing finishes were protected during construction. 7 Second Floor Plan A CFD model was used to study temperature and humidity gradients on the second floor in connection Legend: 01 Living Room 02 Kitchen 03 Bath 04 Stair 05 Closet 06 WC 07 Loft 08 Puppet Theater pg. 12

13 Third Floor After restoration. A new custom plaster finish was installed to match the color and texture of Judd s original plaster. 2 1 Third Floor Plan Top: Before. The third-floor plaster was stained by oil that seeped from the structural framing. Bottom: During construction. All interior finishes were removed on the third floor. 3 4 Legend: 01 Studio 02 Mechanical Closet 03 Stair 04 Study pg. 13

14 Third Floor pg. 14

15 Third Floor pg. 15

16 Fourth Floor After restoration. The stair is open to the space as Judd intended. Before construction Fourth Floor Plan Legend: 01 Dining Room 02 Mechanical Closet 03 Study pg. 16

17 Fourth Floor Cross section through building with area of CFD model highlighted. Top: Smoke baffles in concealed and deployed configurations. Bottom left: CFD model depicting simulated fire on fourth floor. Bottom right: CFD model showing new smoke baffle at stair to allow safe egress pg. 17

18 Fifth Floor Fifth Floor Plan 1 2 Legend: Bedroom 02 Closet 03 Mechanical Closet 04 Nursery 05 Stair 06 Bath 07 Sleeping Loft 08 Vanity pg. 18

19 Fifth Floor During construction. New steel beams were added to support new equipment on roof. Finishes were removed to allow for insulating the building envelope. After restoration. The Flavin light sculpture is wired to the emergency circuit to provide emergency lighting pg. 18

20 Roof FAN FAN ACOUSTIC PANEL NEW BULKHEAD NEW BULKHEAD FAN AHU EF CHILLER POWER GENERATOR Detail of new structural beam at roof level. 2-0 min 2-0 min BENCHMARK REFERENCE ELEVATION 3 5 Roof Plan Top: New roof deck and equipment dunnage within temporary building enclosure. Bottom: New roof equipment provides vital building services for life safety and environmental systems Legend: 01 Generator 02 Chiller 03 AHU 04 Exhaust Fan 05 Smoke Management Make-up Air Fans 06 Smoke Management Exhaust Fans pg. 20

21 Detail of Third Floor pg. 21

22 The installation of my work and that of others is contemporary with its creation. The work is not disembodied spatially, socially, temporally as most museums. The space surrounding my work is crucial to it: as much thought has gone into the installation as into a piece itself. The installations in New York and Marfa are a standard for the installation of my work elsewhere. The interrelation of the architecture of 101 Spring Street, its own and what I ve invented with the pieces installed there, has led to many of my newer, larger pieces, ones involving whole pieces. Donald Judd In Defense of My Work, pg. 22