Using SI units of measure
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1 Using SI units of measure Name Date Block Background If you needed to know the length of a room, you might find the distance in feet. The foot, along with other terms such as quart and pound, is a unit in the English System of measurement. Scientists, however; use the International System of Measurement, SI, the same system used in most countries in the wld. SI is a modern adaptation of the metric system. Because SI units are based on multiples of 10, it is easy to change one unit to another. In this activity, you will review SI units f measuring length, volume, and mass. You will practice changing units to larger smaller units, and you will learn to use some common labaty measuring equipment. Objectives In this activity you will: 1. Identify the SI units of length, volume, and mass. 2. Practice converting one SI unit to another 3. Measure accurately using the appropriate labaty equipment. Materials Meter stick Metric ruler Graduated cylinder Small test tube Large test tube Small beaker Empty can bottle Balance Coin Rubber stopper Other approved materials Procedures and Observations Part I: Reviewing SI measurements The basic unit f length is the meter (symbol: m). the unit commonly used f measuring volume of solids is the cubic meter (m3), while the unit commonly used f measuring the volume of liquids gases is the liter (symbol: L); and the gram (symbol: g) is the basic unit of mass. Prefixes are used in SI to fm units larger than smaller than the basic units. All SI units can be fmed using these prefixes. Look at Table 1 to find the meaning of each prefix. Part II: Converting SI Measurements Anyone who has ever converted inches to yards, cups to gallons, knows the shtcomings of the English System of measurement: there are various conversion facts. Units of SI are much easier to convert because they are all related to each other by powers of ten. To convert one unit to another, all that is necessary is to move the decimal point.
2 Table 1 mega- M One million 1,000,000 kilo- k One thousand 1,000 hecto- h One hundred 100 deka- da Ten 10 deci- d One tenth 0.1 centi- c One hundredth 0.01 milli- m One thousandth micro µ One millionth Look at Table 2 to see how different subunits are related to each other. The arrows above the table show the relationship between a unit and the next unit to the right. F example, 1 meter = 10 decimeters. The arrows below the table show the relationship between a unit and the unit next to the left. F example, 1 gram = 0.1 dekagram. Table 2 X1000 x10 x10 x10 x10 x10 x10 x1000 Length Liquid Volume Mass Multiplication facts megameter Mm kilometer km hectometer hm dekameter dam METER m decimeter dm centimeter cm millimeter mm micrometer µm Megaliter kiloliter hectoliter dekaliter LITER deciliter centiliter milliliter microliter ML kl hl dal L dl cl ml µl Megagram kilogram hectogram dekagram GRAM decigram centigram milligram microgram Mg kg hg dag g dg cg mg µg 1,000,000 1, ,000 Or X ,000 Or X0.001 Rule 1: when converting from a large unit to a smaller unit, multiply by the proper multiple of 10 by moving the decimal point to the right: 12 cm = mm 12 x 10 = cm = 120 mm In this case the decimal point in 12 cm was moved to the right one place, resulting in the answer 120mm.
3 Rule 2: When converting from a small unit to a larger unit, divide by the proper multiple of 10 by moving the decimal point to the left: 250 hg = kg = hg = 25kg The decimal point in 250 was moved to the left one place, resulting in the answer 25kg. In the examples above, the decimal point was moved only one place to the right left. When making some conversions, it is necessary to move the decimal point several places. 6km = m In this example the answer can be found in two different ways. 1. The decimal point can be moved to the right in three steps to convert kilometers to meters: 6km = 60hm 60hm = 600dam 600dam = 6000m 2. This example can also be computed in one step. Look at the arrows at the top of Table 2. Notice that there are three arrows between the units kilometer and meter. Each of these arrows indicates that the number of units must be multiplied by 10 to convert it to the next unit. In this case the three arrows are 10 x 10 x 10, which equals Thus, the number of kilometers multiplied by 1000 will convert kilometers to meters. 6km = 6000m If a decimal point is not observed, it is understood to be at the end of the number: 250 = Practice: 1. Write the unit of each amount below: a. 0.1 gram _decigram b meter c liter d. 100 liters e. 1,000,000 grams f. 10 meters 2. Convert the SI units below a. 226 cm = 2.26 m b. 67mm = µm c. 9.4km = dam d. 5400mL = L e. 27.3hL = dl f. 436mg = g g. 32.8Mg = dag
4 Part III: Measuring Length in SI units Recall that the basic unit of length in SI is the meter (m). The most common units of length are the kilometer, meter, centimeter, and millimeter. 1. Use a meter stick metric ruler to measure the item listed below. You will be measure other objects of your choice to complete Table 3. Recd your measurements in Table 3. Recall that decimals are used in SI. There should not be any fractions in your answers. 2. Complete the table by converting your measurements to the units given. Table 3 Item l/w/h mm cm m Textbook Length Width Height Part IV: Measuring Volume with SI units In SI, the volume of a solid is measured in cubic meters (m 3 ), cubic decimeters (dm 3 ). The commonly used basic unit of liquid volume is the liter (L). The units used f solids and f liquids and gases are related in SI: 1mL = 1 cm 3 (cm 3 is read cubic centimeter, and may be called cc). The most common units of volume are the liter and the milliliter. 1. To find the volume of a solid, multiply height, width, and length. a. Find the volume of one of your textbooks. Show your wk. Figure 1 2. A graduated cylinder, graduate, is usually used in labaties to measure the volume of liquids. Very accurate measurements can be made using a graduate. If the graduate you are using is made of glass, handle it carefully. a. Look at the scale on the side of the graduate. What is the maximum volume that can be measured in the graduate?
5 b. What volume is represented by each single line on the graduate? 3. Fill a small test tube with water and pour the water into the graduate. Look carefully at the level of the water in the graduate. If the graduate you are using is made of glass, the water will fm a meniscus, curved upper surface. Look at the meniscus shown in Figure 1. The crect volume is found by reading the bottom of the meniscus. To read the volume accurately, the meniscus should be at eye level. a. How much water did the test tube hold? Recd this amount in table 4. Table 4 Item milliliter (ml) liter (L) Small test tube 4. Measure the volume of other objects and recd in Table 4. Convert your measurements. Part V: Measuring Mass with SI units The basic unit of mass in SI is the gram (g). There is a relationship between SI units of mass and volume: 1mL of water has a mass of approximately 1 g. The most commonly used units of mass are the milligram, gram, and kilogram. In the labaty, a balance is used to find the mass of objects. Balances are sensitive instruments. They must be handled carefully they will no longer be accurate. Your teacher will show you the proper use of the balance that you will be using. 1. Determine the mass of several objects. Recd you measurements in Table 5. Recd mass in both grams and kilograms. Table 5 Item gram (g) kilogram (kg) 10mL of water
6 Analysis and Interpretations 1. List the SI prefixes in der of the smallest unit to the largest unit. 2. Explain how you found the mass of 10mL of water. 3. Why is it easier to convert SI units than English units? 4. Which SI units would be most useful f expressing the following? Length of athletic field Mass of an aspirin Mass of a pencil Length of a ruler Volume of a swimming pool Distance from Earth to Mars Length of a car Mass of a postage stamp Distance between two cities Further Investigation (Pre-AP): Complete two of the following: 1. Find the values f measurements of the items listed in question number 4 above. F some, you may be able to make direct measurements. Use and note outside sources f the remaining items. 2. Find out about the histy of SI measurements. Present your findings to the class. 3. Investigate some of the lesser known units of the English System of measurement. What is the igin of the terms rod, gill, peck, pennyweight, scruple, and league? 4. The SI unit of temperature is the Kelvin. The Kelvin scale is related to the Celsius scale, with which you may be familiar. Create a graphic showing the equivalent temperatures in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit scales. On the Celsius scale, what is the significance of 0 o C, and 100 o C? On the Kelvin scale, what is the significance of 0 o K?
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