ADAHR (Assessment of Degree of Automation on Human Roles) Project Summary Description

Transcription

1 ADAHR (Assessment of Degree of Automation on Human Roles) Project Summary Description

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3 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Project Sheet ADAHR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT FOR SESAR AND WP-E PROJECT RATIONALE WITHIN SESAR WP-E THEMATIC PROGRAMME Relationships with WP-E Research Networks Links With SESAR Work Programme PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT Problem Statement Objectives Expected Results Potential Benefits to the ATM Community Dissemination Plan Summary Description of WPS Planning and Milestones WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE WP0 Management WP1 Scenarios Definition WP2 Platform Adaptation WP3 Games Execution WP4 Conclusions and Strategic Recommendations WP5 Dissemination Summary of Deliverables i -

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5 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. PROJECT SHEET Name of proposal: Assessment of Degree of Automation on Human Roles. Acronym: ADAHR. Theme/s covered: Towards Higher Levels of Automation in ATM. Key Areas: Role of human operator, rationale for introducing automation, technological system evolution and change management. Project type: Medium Project. Duration of the Project: The contract will have a duration ranging from the time of the contract signature to 24 months. Name of Coordinator having submitted the Tender: Isdefe. Contact Details: Carlos Regidor C/ Edison, Madrid, Spain Telephone: Fax: cregidor@isdefe.es Name/s of Consortium Members: o o o CRIDA: Centro de Referencia I+D de ATM. DLR: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt. NLR: Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium. 2. ADAHR EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project is concerned with research into high levels of automation, up to and including full automation. The need of automation will impact on the ATC controller behaviour, but also to other actors such as the airspace users or flow managers amongst others. The proposed project will assess the human factors aspects, (including potential benefits), dealing with changes in the roles, their interactions and situation awareness and their responsibilities in the future operational environment where automation has reached a high level of implementation. The integration of airborne and ground-based systems, the evolution of the human role and the transitions to higher degrees of automation will be taken into consideration in this project

6 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) To perform this assessment, the ATM-innovative validation technique so called Gaming will be applied. Gaming techniques are essentially human-in-the-loop activities, but they are suitable for concepts such as SESAR where the decision-making processes of several actors are a key factor. A set of scenarios addressing different automation levels will be defined and presented to several actors. As an outcome of the Gaming Exercises scenarios a better definition of the different roles and responsibilities in the final stages of SESAR (beyond 2020) will be performed and recommendations regarding transition problems and when to deploy the automation will be proposed (e.g. bring forward to Service Level 4 one technology that initially was foreseen in Service Level 5 due to its impact on the human performance). The other set of outcomes will improve the roles and responsibilities in relationship with different levels of automation at the timeframe beyond Three different platforms will be used for assessing the impact of high automation levels in the human behaviour. There will be one Paper Based Platform and two Hardware Based Platforms. Each Hardware Based Platform will address two different environments: Airspace Organisation and Management. Airport Operations Centre. 3. RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT FOR SESAR AND WP-E Among others, one of the key focus of SESAR is the role of the human and their relation with advanced automation tools to work safely, with an appropriate workload and with a high level of situation awareness. These main characteristics are also one of the key features of this project. SESAR time horizon after 2020 will be the initial scope of ADAHR. Taking as a baseline the central human roles defined by SESAR, relations between them and the new automated tools being developed are going to be assessed at the beginning of project. The initial assumptions are based on the SESAR definitions of human roles and the expected technical capabilities of automation. After this initial consideration new levels of automation are assumed and new roles and responsibilities of human operators will be defined, taking into account a future ATM scenario far beyond 2020 time horizon. Human behaviour and strategic position and response of stakeholders will be studied in the same local environment with two different levels of automation. This research proposed by ADAHR is clearly included within the scope of WP E, by bringing new solutions that will provide benefit for both short and long term. For short term, adding value to the existing SESAR work by identifying new responsibilities and gaps in the evolution of human roles defined in SESAR by analysing the interaction with the new automation levels in the CNS/ATM system and helping defining future functionalities of new tools. And for long term, thinking beyond current SESAR timeframe, by assessing and clarifying new human roles and responsibilities as a result of the use of advanced tools with high levels of automation. The objectives of ADAHR will be achieved by the application of methodologies and techniques such as gaming to assess futuristic functionalities and capabilities of existing ATM human operators due to the new technical developments and the advanced levels of automation on tools

7 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) 4. PROJECT RATIONALE WITHIN SESAR WP-E THEMATIC PROGRAMME 4.1. RELATIONSHIPS WITH WP-E RESEARCH NETWORKS There is clear alignment with WP-E main objectives and especially with the following relevant research themes of the Thematic Programme: Towards Higher Levels of Automation in ATM, concerned with high degrees of automation up to and including full automation and the transition and the evolution of the human role. The evolution of the roles of human operators in a highly automated environment is one of the main concerns of this particular theme and is one of the key issues of the ADAHR project as well. Humans are the core of ATM future system operations placing significant constraints on system design. Increasing levels of automation requires a better understanding of the capabilities of automation and the human operators. An analysis of both issues and the interaction between them will be performed during the project. Mastering Complex Safely, considering ATM as a system of systems. Considering ATM as a system of systems, changes introduced in one or more subsystems could provoke a cascade of consequences. Many improvements are planned to be conducted during and beyond SESAR timeframe and there is a need to understand the potential system wide consequences of such improvements. ADAHR cope with this necessity by investigating key ATM issues such as safety of human interaction with high levels of automation in a complex advanced environment. The introduction of higher (or even full) levels of automation should be carefully studied because there is not only a question of cost-efficiency but also it has to be balanced against increasing system complexity and the need to ensure a correct evolution in human skills and capabilities to face futuristic CNS/ATM environment LINKS WITH SESAR WORK PROGRAMME During the lifetime of a Project there will be opportunities for bilateral exchange of information, progress and results with other parts of the SESAR Work Programme. This will be facilitated by the EUROCONTROL Project Officer (see Section 6.2) and agreed with the SJU before initiating any exchange. According to the WBS defined for SESAR, most of the operational WPs (WP4, WP5 and WP6) and their corresponding technical WPs (WP10, WP12 and WP13) will address Human Factors requirements and also the impact on the procedures, roles and responsibilities. Therefore, the impact of automation on humans will be valuable information to share between most of these projects. The more direct link with SESAR Work Programme will be those projects related with the environments addressed in this technical proposal, Airspace Organisation and Management and Airport Operations Centre; specially, those projects addressing the definition of roles, responsibilities and the related projects in charge of the development of the corresponding systems. Outputs from these projects will be taken into account in order to establish the baseline for this project. On the other hand, the outcomes of this project will be used as baseline, (mainly for projects addressing step 3) and guidance material for their future activities: - 3 -

8 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) P controller Team Organization, roles and responsibilities in a trajectory based operation within En-route airspace (including multi-sector planner). P Cooperative Planning in the TMA. P Airport Operations Centre. P Integration of airport airline/ground handlers- ATC processes (incl. turnaround) in ATM. P DCB/ASM Scenarios Management. P The Airport Operations Plan (AOP), decision support tools and conflict detection tools to be integrated in APOC for managing the overall performance of the airport. P Networks Operation & Monitoring sub-system definition. The transversal SWP16.5 Human performance in Automation is also related to this project, although timescales are different as SWP16.5 will centre their efforts in SESAR 2020 timeframe. The related projects in line with this technical proposal are: P identification and integration of related best practices would be a valuable input for ADAHR, at the same time, P could benefit from the review of the state of the art that will be performed in ADAHR. P Guidance for an effective information presentation, could give an indication of the representation to the actors when the human is the central part of the ATM environment. ADAHR will provide feedback regarding the implementation of some of their guidelines. 5. PRESENTATION OF THE PROJECT 5.1. PROBLEM STATEMENT Automation is a necessary mean for the future ATM network. The necessary level of automation for 2020 in a SESAR environment will be studied in the SJU programme, but this level of automation will be higher in the ATM environment after SESAR. There is some knowledge regarding how automation impacts on the workload and on the performance of an actor, but there is little knowledge regarding how the same automation impacts on the interactions and situation awareness among several actors with different interests (e.g. airspace users and ANSPs). Experience (e.g. automation in cockpit) has shown that the transition to higher levels of automation has to be carefully addressed to promote the trust on the new system, (guarantying certain safety levels), and to ensure its acceptability by the human operator. ADAHR addresses two different scenarios, one centred in the timeframe when SESAR foresees the implementation of Services Levels 4 and 5 which correspond (not directly) to automation levels 4 and 5 [Parasuraman], and a second scenario in a further timeframe after SESAR with higher levels of automation e.g. level 7. Research questions addressed in ADAHR are: How do different levels of automation in ATM impact human interaction? How does automation impact roles and responsibilities in the different environments selected? Which automation functionalities can be brought forward in the SESAR master plan? - 4 -

9 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) What requirements are needed to promote the acceptance of high levels of automation in the ATM environment? 5.2. OBJECTIVES The main objective of ADAHR is to assess the behaviour of different ATM human actors in a highly automated environment. This objective will be achieved through the: Identification of mechanisms that enhance the trust of the human actors in automation. Analysis of the impact of automation in the interaction between human actors. Analysis of the impact of automation on the new roles and responsibilities foreseen by the levels of automation addressed, especially in terms on workload and situational awareness. Analysis of the tools supporting the ATM human actors duties EXPECTED RESULTS Expected result of ADAHR will be a better knowledge of human interactions in environments with high levels of automation. Other results are to describe the role of human operators in a highly automated ATM environment, amplifying the knowledge in two different points of the road towards full ATM automation. ADAHR will provide functionalities needed in the technological systems supporting the human operators and an outline of change and transition to these scenarios. Expected results of ADAHR are: A better understanding of the impact of automation in the interactions between different actors. An insight on the changes in stakeholder s strategies according to the level of automation. To prove and demonstrate the benefits of the introduction of higher automation levels in the ATM environment. Recommendations on early introduction of higher automation levels. Definition of roles and responsibilities of the human actors according to different automation levels. Identification and pre-specification of tool s functionalities that support the introduction of higher automation levels POTENTIAL BENEFITS TO THE ATM COMMUNITY The better understanding of how automation may change the strategies and responsibilities of several ATM roles will enable the members of the ATM community to identify their real future needs. This knowledge of the future ATM stage will help making the most of the available efforts - such as budget, tool functionalities development, or training DISSEMINATION PLAN ADAHR will define a dissemination plan to ensure that the results obtained are correctly spread among the ATM community. Target groups of the dissemination activities will be: The work packages (WP) identified as potential beneficiaries within the SESAR programme. The SESAR WPE networks

10 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) ATM service providers and users. The dissemination activity includes the construction of a website containing information about the project s objectives, approach, public deliverables, planned events, relations with other projects, etc. which will be continuously maintained during the project s lifetime. It will have a public access area and a limited access area for the use of the consortium to transfer information and facilitate information exchange. ADAHR web page with its services will be continued for at least 24 months after the end of the project. A regular newsletter with the main achievements will be published in the website and circulated to the target groups. Academic papers, articles in trade publications and conference presentations will be produced throughout the duration of the project. Specifically, WPE networks will be addressed for white paper dissemination and the associations of which the consortium are members SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF WPS Herewith, summary of the activities to be developed in the WPs is shown: WPS SUMMARY Nº TITLE DESCRIPTION WP0 Project Management Performs the coordination and management of the project. Main activities are solving administrative and financial issues, reporting and day to day management of the contract WP1 Scenario Definition Produces the definition and characterisation of the scenarios of interest to be addressed in ADAHR. This WP defines the roles and responsibilities in the scenarios and specifies them for the gaming exercises. WP2 Platform Adaptation Adapts the paper-based and hardware-based platforms. WP3 Games Execution Performs the games exercises, including the creation of the game report compiling the outputs of the exercises. WP4 Conclusions & Strategic Recommendations The analysis and evaluation of the outputs of all the games is performed in this WP, including a set of recommendations for the early implantation of high levels of automation. WP5 Dissemination Creation of a dissemination plan and execution of the actions and activities described in it. Table 1 Work Package Summary The relationships between the WPs are displayed in the figure below. More details can be found in the sections 4.x.4 of this document: - 6 -

11 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) WP5 Dissemination WP1 Scenarios Definition Scenarios and Roles Description WP2 Platform Adaptation Configurated Platforms Games Outputs WP3 Games Execution WP4 Conclusions and Recommendations Games Reports 5.7. PLANNING AND MILESTONES Figure 1 Work Package Flow The next figure shows the overall planning of the project

12 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) Figure 2 Gantt chart of the project - 8 -

13 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) 6. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE 6.1. WP0 MANAGEMENT The main objective of WP0 Project Management is to ensure that all project related tasks are performed successfully and according to established contractual and technical requirements. See chapter 5 for a detailed description of the project management and quality related tasks WP1 SCENARIOS DEFINITION This work package will start selecting and analysing human roles and responsibilities of the main actors involved in a 2020 SESAR timeframe scenario. Also an allocation of the appropriate level of automation of the technologies developed by that time will be done. This assessment is required to perform a good baseline for the following steps in the project. The definition of the new human roles and responsibilities of the main actors will be tested performing a set of futuristic operational scenarios. All the scenarios defined are embraced in two different ATM environment, Airport Operation Centre environment and Flow Management Unit environment. Main actors involved are significantly different in both environments. Airline agent, airport operator or airport ATC are examples of representative roles in airport environment whilst Sub-regional manager, Flow management unit, military users and airspace users are in a network environment. Also a high level description of other actors involved not identified as essential for the operation will be gathered. A need to describe new procedures is foreseen to assure a feasible execution of the scenarios. An exhaustive description of the requirements of the scenarios will be done, including a description of the environment, roles and responsibilities of the main involved actors and new operational procedures. The eight different scenarios to be detailed will depend on: Environments: Airport Operations Centre and Flow Management Unit Levels of Automation: Two levels of automation will be addressed. These levels will be higher than in SESAR operations. Type of Gaming technique: Paper-based and Hardware-based WP2 PLATFORM ADAPTATION The adaptation of the platforms to the scenarios defined in WP1 Scenarios Definition will be performed in the frame of this WP. For each environment and for each gaming technique a platform adaptation process will be necessary. The paper-based platforms will be adapted through: Modelling actors behaviour. Description of the roles and their responsibilities scripts based on WP1. Definition of the game story board for each gaming session

14 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) Definition of the detailed processes that will be addressed. Creation of initial and debriefing questionnaires for each role. Creation of the material to be delivered (cards, scripts). Hardware-based platforms will be adapted through the: Definition of the physical scenario. Adaptation of the traffic need. Configuration of the actor positions to support the different roles. Definition of the ATM data and information allowed to be exchanged to support collaborative processes. Configuration of the functionalities performed by the human actor and by automation. Creation of the material to be delivered (cards, scenario description). The paper-based and hardware-based platform adaptation will have both common and separate tasks. Scenarios, actors, and story boards will be essentially the same for both cases but will have to be adapted to the particularities of each platform in order to take full benefit of the flexibility of the paper-based games and the process assessment facility of the hardware-based games. The outputs of the paper-based games will provide information to the hardware-based platforms to enhance the game sessions WP3 GAMES EXECUTION Different games will be designed according to each proposed gaming session. Games developed for a paper-based session will improve the definition of roles and functionalities and will provide inputs for the configuration and adaptation of their corresponding hardware platform. Furthermore, their results will be the baseline for the hardware-based games design. All the outputs collected from the performance of the games will be analysed in the WP4. The activities to be carried out in order to execute the games corresponding to each gaming session will be: General presentation of the gaming session, explaining objectives, rules and context of the games to be performed. Training for the gaming session: performing a dedicated game to train the actors in the technique and/or platform used. Material delivery, provision to the players of the information related to their role and tools available. Support by the management team: Game manager (Director of the Game) to the development of the game to ensure the session objectives are achieve and game assistant(s) (Technical support to the game manager) to the actors to solve any technical problem. De-briefing sessions for analyzing the execution of the game. Filling in questionnaires by the actors. Collection of the data reports provided by the hardware based platforms. Creation of a game report for each environment. This report will collect the outputs of the gaming sessions in a rational way without analyzing them

15 ADAHR (ASSESSMENT OF DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON HUMAN ROLES) 6.5. WP4 CONCLUSIONS AND STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS This WP will compile all the results provided by the games and will produce the following outputs: Analysis of results: The outputs coming from the gaming sessions will be analysed and consolidated in a report document. Conclusions: After the analysis of the results, main conclusions will be issued in order to have a clear view of the most important outputs obtained from the gaming sessions performance Recommendations: After the analysis of the results, recommendations will be reported to have a clear view of the best opportunities and the issues to take into account, depending on the level of automation. Each activity will take into account this information structure: The description/updating of the roles, their responsibilities and interactions. Impact of each level of automation in the roles (mainly potential benefits) and additional functionalities to be implemented within the tools/systems. Safety Impact: For each level of automation, the impact in the safety of operations will be assessed in terms of improvements and also in terms of additional risks WP5 DISSEMINATION WP5 will ensure the results are correctly understood and sufficient dissemination is carried out. A dissemination plan (see initial draft in Section 5.5) will be defined by all the partners who will also perform the actions identified in it for raising ATM community awareness. These actions include: Construction and maintenance of a public website that will contain the public deliverables. Issue of articles/white papers for promotion of the project, and dissemination of conclusions & recommendations. WPE networks will be specially addressed for distribution of white papers SUMMARY OF DELIVERABLES D0.1 Project Management Plan D0.2 Interim Report 1 WP0 Management D0.3 Interim Report 2 D0.4 Interim Report 3 D0.5 Final Report 3 WP1 Scenario Definition D1.1 Roles & Responsibilities D1.2 Scenarios Description D2.1 Paper Based Platform - Environment 1 WP2 Platform Adaptation D2.2 Simulation Based Platform - Environment 1 D2.3 Paper Based Platfrom - Environment

16 NEWO (EMERGING NETWORK-WIDE EFFECTS OF INVENTIVE OPERATIONAL APPROACHES IN ATM) D2.4 Simulation Based Platform - Environment 2 WP3 Games Execution WP4 Conclusions & Strategic Recommendations WP5 Dissemination D3.1 Game Report - Environment 1 D3.2 Game Report - Environment 2 D4.1 Conclusions & Recommendations Report D5.1 Dissemination Plan D5.2 Dissemination Report