Broadband Adoption and Internet Use Among Latinos
|
|
- Cornelia McKinney
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ESSAY SERIES WINTER 2012 Matthew D. Matsaganis Assistant Professor University at Albany State University of New York
2 The Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI) advances informed policy on key issues affecting Latino communities through objective and timely research contributing to the betterment of the nation. The Tomás Rivera Policy Institute University of Southern California School of Policy, Planning and Development 650 Childs Way, Lewis Hall, Suite 102 Los Angeles, California Tel: Fax: With offices at: Columbia University, New York, New York 2011 The Tomás Rivera Policy Institute Unauthorized duplication of this report is a violation of copyright. December 2011 The Tomás Rivera Policy Institute asserts a neutral position regarding public policy issues. Interpretations and conclusions presented in TRPI publications are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Institute, its trustees, officers or other staff members, or to the organizations which support its research.
3 Broadband Adoption and Internet Use Among Latinos Matthew D. Matsaganis, Ph.D. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Matthew Matsaganis (Ph.D., Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism, University of Southern California) is an Assistant Professor of Communication at the State University of New York at Albany. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to thank Drs. Harry Pachon and Jongho Lee for their support and insights in the process of conceptualizing this study and developing the research design. Special thanks also to Drs. John Horrigan, Vikki Katz, and Nicol Turner-Lee, as well as Professor Roberto Suro for taking time out of their busy schedules to review and offer their comments on earlier versions of this report. Of course, all omissions and errors remain the responsibility of the principal investigator. The author is also grateful to Jamie Gormley for lending his sharp copy editor s eyes and to Wendy Chavira and Kim Mogavero for their continued support in the process of producing the final report.
4 This report was supported through a grant made to the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI)* by Time Warner Cable. More information about Time Warner Cable can be found at and More information about the Time Warner Cable Research Program on Digital Communications can be found at The views in this report are solely those of the author and do not represent the views of either Time Warner Cable or the Time Warner Cable Research Program on Digital Communications. *The grant was awarded to TRPI when it was an independent non-profit organization. That organization ceased to exist at the end of The report is being published by a successor organization of the same name that has been constituted as a university research center affiliated with the University of Southern California s Sol Price School of Public Policy.
5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword... 6 By Fernando R. Laguarda, Time Warner Cable Executive Summary... 7 Introduction Background and significance Conceptualizing Internet access along a continuum Factors in home broadband adoption Communication ecologies and media use Methodology Key Findings Socio-demographic factors and home broadband adoption among Latinos: A composite, statistical model Perceptions of the cost of broadband Comfort using the Internet and perceived usefulness of the Internet Beliefs, attitudes towards the Internet Internet-related literacy Scope of technology use Communication ecologies Consumption of English-language and Latino media Interpersonal influence Group Profiles Home Broadband Adopters Mobile, Nomadic, and Dial Up Users Non-connectors References
6 Foreword Those of us who rely on and use broadband Internet access to connect with information, entertainment, and each other may not realize it, but there are millions of people who have access to the service and still don t subscribe to it. Broadband is a platform for opportunity. But broadband adoption rates (actual subscription to the service by consumers) vary widely depending on demographic characteristics. Absent action, the Federal Communications Commission s National Broadband Plan warns that broadband adoption rates will continue to be uneven. Even higher adoption rates by the general population could still mask continuing gaps along socioeconomic and racial/ethnic lines. As the FCC points out, if broadband adoption follows the trajectory of telephone adoption, one in four African Americans and one in three Hispanics could still be without broadband service at home even when an overwhelming majority of Americans overall have it. Understanding the reason for the gaps is an important step toward addressing them. So we are pleased to be able to make a contribution to the field through this report on broadband adoption and Internet use among U.S. Latinos by Professor Matthew Matsaganis of the State University at Albany, State University of New York, conducted under the auspices of the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI). The report finds that approximately 56% of Latinos have a high-speed Internet connection, consistent with other similar studies. Significantly, it also finds that broadband adopters identify the Internet as a top resource for seeking and obtaining information. In an environment where there is so much information available, more research may needed to understand how consumers make choices as to where and how they get their information in an age of media abundance. In particular, the report raises the question of whether and how more culturally relevant Spanish-language content online would impact Internet use and broadband adoption. This report makes a contribution to our understanding of broadband adoption and frames issues for further research and analysis. We hope it also stimulates debate and encourages more thoughtful policy. A special note of thanks is due to Dr. John Horrigan of TechNET (formerly of the FCC s National Broadband Plan task force), Dr. Nicol Turner-Lee of the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, and Dr. Mark Hugo Lopez of the Pew Hispanic Center, who provided comments on the report and participated in a panel discussion of the findings at the Time Warner Cable offices in Washington, D.C. As always, we look forward to your comments and feedback. Fernando Laguarda Vice President, External Affairs and Policy Counselor Time Warner Cable twitter.com/twc.rp 6
7 Executive Summary A survey conducted by the Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI) in late 2010 on broadband adoption and Internet use among U.S. Latinos indicates that approximately 56% of Latinos have a high-speed Internet connection. A closer look at the recent TRPI data reveals that: Among Latinos, less than half (48%) have a home broadband connection. Half of the Latinos with a home broadband connection also have high-speed Internet access through a mobile device (i.e., 25% of the entire sample in this study). Overall, one-third of Latinos have broadband access through a mobile device. Among them, though, only one in four do not also have a home broadband connection (i.e., 8% of the entire sample). Only 1 in 4 Latinos with Internet access via a mobile device are not also home broadband adopters. Latinos who connect to the Internet through their cell phones and are not home broadband adopters are sociodemographically distinct from home broadband adopters. They are, however, similar to home broadband adopters in terms of the range of technologies they use in their everyday lives. Socio-demographic characteristics. Home broadband adopters are more likely than mobile-only broadband users to be better off financially, more educated, and to live in a household where at least one member is a student. With respect to age, household income, education, and household composition, mobile-only broadband adopters are similar to nomadic Internet users (i.e., individuals who access the Internet outside their home, through public access points, at work or school) and dial-up users. Scope of technology use. Using more devices (e.g., laptop, ipod, gaming console) and services (e.g., , social networking sites) is most characteristic of home broadband adopters and mobile Internet users. Individuals with a constant connection use a broader scope of technologies than people with an intermittent connection to the Internet (i.e., nomadic and dial-up users). The range of technological devices considered in this study included both gadgets that require Internet access and devices that do not. Analyses suggest that having a constant connection is related to technology use, regardless of household income. The webs of communication resources Latino home broadband adopters rely on to achieve everyday goals are appreciably different compared to those of non-adopters. Individuals connect to a variety of communication resources in their everyday lives in order to achieve different goals. These webs of resources or communication ecologies (Wilkin, Ball-Rokeach, Matsaganis, & Cheong, 2007) that individuals construct vary by goal, but they are also influenced by having access to the Internet or not, as well as by the type of Internet access one has. The communication ecologies of Latinos with a broadband connection in their home are appreciably different compared to mobile-only broadband users, nomadic Internet users, dial-up users, and individuals with no Internet connection (non-connectors). Overall, 45% of home broadband adopters identified the Internet as their top resource for seeking and obtaining information that helps them make decisions around purchasing technological products and services. Approximately half that number (23%) of home broadband adopters picked television as their top choice, while 8% selected newspapers. 7
8 Among mobile-only broadband users, 28% identified the Internet as the most important communication resource, while 29% selected television. Another 14% identified newspapers as their top option. The communication ecologies of Internet nomads are similar to those of mobile-only broadband adopters: 28% of Latinos who access the Internet outside their home (e.g., at a public library, community center, at work) chose the Internet as their top communication resource, while 32% identified television, and 20% selected newspapers. Further research is necessary to determine whether availability of culturally relevant Spanish-language content online affects Internet use and broadband adoption among Latinos. Media consumption patterns among various types of Latino Internet users suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether availability of culturally relevant Spanish-language content online is a factor that affects Internet use and broadband adoption. Overall, 77% of Latinos who identify the Internet as their number one communication resource for obtaining information that helps them decide what technological devices and services to purchase indicate that the Web sites they browse are in English. In contrast, 76% of Latinos who identify television as their top choice say they are referring to Spanish-language television channels. Among Latinos who are home broadband adopters, 23% identify television as their top communication resource; two-thirds of these consumers indicate that their top choices are Spanish-language channels. Across Latino Internet users who are not home broadband adopters, television ranks as the top communication resource overall. Among those who identify television as their top choice 77% say they tune in to Spanish-language television. Finally, among individuals with no Internet connection television is ranked number one more often than other communication resources (e.g., print media, interpersonal channels); 84% of non-connectors who say television is their top choice also say that they are referring to Spanish-language channels. In addition, data on how much time per week individuals spend with media indicate that home broadband adopters spend significantly more time with English-language television and newspapers than Latinos who are mobile-only broadband users, nomadic users, dial-up users, or non-connectors. Conversely, compared to home broadband users, the latter four groups spend significantly more time with television and newspapers targeted to Latinos. Limited digital literacy is likely a concern among Latinos across the Internet access continuum. A fifth (19%) of Latinos who are not online indicate that this is because they do not know anything about the Internet, do not know how it works, or it is too difficult or complicated. These findings echo earlier research (e.g., Horrigan, 2010). However, data from this study also suggest that digital literacy may not be a problem only for Latinos who are not online or who are not broadband adopters. Limited digital literacy may influence Internet and broadband adoption, but it also may have a negative impact on individuals capacity to leverage the power of the Internet as a communication and information resource, regardless of the type of access they have. Home broadband users scored higher on a 3-item Internet literacy scale than dial-up Internet users and non-connectors did, but not significantly better compared to mobile and nomadic Internet users. Two-thirds (65%) of home broadband adopters answered correctly just one or none of the questions designed to capture Internet literacy. Among non-connectors, 83% answered one or no questions correctly, while 14% got all of them right. 8
9 About the Study Data were collected from October 6 through December 12, 2010 from 1,600 Latino households through a telephone survey conducted across four metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that included the cities of Charlotte (North Carolina), Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. Approximately 400 participants were recruited from every area. The sample was generated based on lists of households associated with Latino surnames. As each MSA consisted of multiple counties, the percentage of Latinos in each county (based on U.S. Census Bureau data) was used to determine what percentage of the sample would be drawn from each county. Interviews were conducted by trained Interview Service of America (ISA) staff. As many as eight attempts were made to contact sampled landline telephone numbers. Calls were staggered over times of day and days of the week to maximize the chance of making contact with potential respondents. Interviewers asked to speak with the adult head of household and asked a battery of questions to determine eligibility. Interviews were conducted in the language of preference of the participant (i.e., in Spanish or in English) and the average duration of the interviews was 19 minutes. Applying the American Association for Public Opinion Research s (AAPOR, 2011) guidelines, the minimum response rate for the survey was calculated to be.10 (Response Rate 1), the minimum household level cooperation rate was.24 (Cooperation Rate 1), the refusal rate.09 (Refusal Rate 1), and the household-level contact rate.36 (Contact Rate 1). 9
10 Introduction Research published in recent years stresses the persistent gap in broadband adoption between Latinos and other ethnic populations, most notably white Americans. The National Broadband Plan (NBP), released by the Federal Communications Commission in 2010, highlights the need to eliminate such disparities across U.S. populations. The need is as pressing as ever, as digital inclusion and social inclusion become increasingly intertwined and broadband adoption emerges as a critical benchmark for both (e.g., Dailey, Byrne, Powell, Karaganis, & Chung, 2010; Livingstone & Helsper, 2007). The first major aim of this Tomás Rivera Policy Institute (TRPI) study is to enhance our understanding of factors influencing the adoption of broadband by Latino consumers the fastest growing ethnic population in the country (Passel & Cohn, 2008). In doing so, we investigate the role of socio-economic and demographic factors (i.e., both individual and household characteristics), language, knowledge about the Internet and attitudinal and behavioral factors. We explore the independent impact of these factors on broadband adoption, but also develop a composite statistical model, in which the influence of multiple factors is explored in context of one another. The second main objective of our study is to describe and discuss differences among U.S. Latinos with respect to the communication resources they mobilize and use to accomplish everyday life goals. We examine differences among broadband adopters, Internet users without a high-speed Internet connection in their homes, and individuals who do not connect to the Internet (i.e., non-connectors). The related findings offer insight into the relationship between media consumption, Internet use, and home broadband adoption. Our third goal is to present profiles of three subgroups of Latinos, defined by their relationship to the Internet; namely; home broadband users, Internet users without broadband at home, and non-connectors. To construct these profiles, we rely on the answers given by this study s participants to a series of open-ended survey questions. These were created to allow individuals to describe their experiences with the Internet and broadband in their own words. Background and Significance Consistently, Internet connectedness rates among Latinos are found to be lower than among other ethnic populations in the United States. In 2010, according to research by the Pew Hispanic Center and the Pew Internet & American Life Project, the percentage of Latinos (English and Spanish-speaking) online was 65% (Livingston, 2011). In contrast, 77% of whites and 66% of African Americans were online. With respect to broadband adoption, previous research indicates that only between 45% and 49% of Latino adults have a high-speed Internet connection at home (Horrigan, 2010; Livingston, 2011). In comparison, 65% of non-hispanic whites, and 59% of non-hispanic Blacks are home broadband adopters (Horrigan, 2010; Livingston, 2011; see also Gant, Turner-Lee, Li, & Miller, 2010; U.S. Department of Commerce, 2011). These are some of the general trends that created the impetus for this study. In recent years, a number of researchers and policymakers have suggested that broadband has become more readily available across the U.S. (as it has in many developed nations) and therefore supply is not the primary factor hindering the continued growth of broadband adoption. Instead, these scholars and policymakers argue, broadband diffusion is demand-constrained (Choudrie & Dwivedi, 2004; Garcia & Rosenberg, 2011; Jayakar, 2011). That is to say, that there are factors keeping individuals from adopting broadband, even though it is available where they live. Therefore, as indicated earlier, one of this study s main objectives is to provide further insight into the factors that shape home broadband adoption, but also Internet use more generally, among Latinos. The present study, as a number of others before it, considers home broadband adoption as the practical benchmark for digital inclusion. The FCC has taken a similar position. It is true that cell phone adoption continues to grow, particularly among ethnic minority groups (Gant et al., 2010; Livingston, 2011; Nielsen, 2011) and mobile devices are becoming increasingly sophisticated. In addition, government agencies and service providers, such as banks, continue to adapt their online interface and applications for use on mobile devices. 10
11 However, the applications and Web sites designed for wireless devices, such as smartphones, still lack functionality and frequently malfunction, offer individual users access to a limited range of services, and are not as user-friendly as they could be (e.g., Siwicki, 2011; Song, Lee, & Park, 2011). Bank apps or Web site versions designed for smartphones, for instance, typically allow customers to check their balances and perform a limited number of other operations, but frequently redirect them to their regular Web site for other services. These full-service Web sites are harder or practically impossible to navigate, unless one has access to a desktop or laptop and, of course, a high-speed Internet connection. Likewise, several local, state, and federal government agencies, like the Internal Revenue Service, offer citizens access to several services online, including the option of completing forms necessary for a variety of tasks (i.e., from filing a tax return to applying for a driver s license). But these forms are difficult to view and complete while using any kind of mobile device. Providers of job market services offer a third example. They frequently do offer applications one can download onto a smartphone. However, it is not uncommon for a job seeker to be able to use the app to view available jobs on his or her cell phone, but to not be able to apply for a particular position, unless he or she can get to an Internet-connected computer. There are also cases in which apps have ceased to work and providers have failed to repair them or update them for weeks or months. The frustration that these service lapses create for consumers is evident in even a cursory examination of app reviews available online. These examples suggest that, at least for the time being, taking full advantage of what the Internet has to offer individuals and families requires adoption of home-based high-speed Internet connections. Conceptualizing Internet Access Along a Continuum (Sample Segments) We conceive of Internet access along a continuum, ranging from no access to broadband access via a number of devices and services. Therefore, a related goal of this study is to examine the critical ways in which U.S. Latinos differ depending on where they are located along this continuum. For the purposes of the study participants were divided into the following six segments or groups, depending on the type of connection (or lack thereof) they had to the Internet at the time they were interviewed: Multi-device broadband Internet users (Segment 1) access the Internet via a home-based broadband connection as well as other devices and services (e.g., a cell phone). Home broadband users (Segment 2) access the Internet only via their home broadband connection. Mobile Internet users (Segment 3) do not have a broadband connection at home, yet they do connect to the Internet via a mobile device (usually a cell phone or smartphone). Internet nomads (Segment 4) do not have a broadband at home, but access the Internet in other ways; when they visit relatives with an Internet connection, for example, at work, or when they are visiting a library or a community center. Dial-up or Old school Internet users (Segment 5) are individuals who access the Internet only via a dial-up connection. Non-connectors (Segment 6) are people who do not connect to the Internet in any location or through any device We prefer the term non-connectors to the more commonly used non-adopters for two reasons. First, the term non-connectors describes more accurately those individuals with no Internet connection. Second, the term non-adopters implies that we are referring to individuals residing in areas where broadband Internet access is in fact available and that these individuals have opted to not connect. Universal access, however, is still a goal to be achieved and barriers to broadband adoption, such as cost, are often not under consumers control. 11
12 Table 1. Sample Segments: Study Participants by Type of Internet Access Segment 1: Multi-device home broadband users Segment 2: Home broadband adopters Segment 3: Mobile Internet users Segment 4: Nomadic Internet users Segment 5: Dial-up/ old school Internet users N % Aggregate groups % Aggregate groups % Home broadband 47.8 users Internet users without broadband 18.6 at home Households with a constant Internet 56.2 connection Intermittent connection Segment 6: Non-connectors/Internet non-users Non-connectors 33.6 Non-connectors 33.6 TOTAL These six segments were aggregated into larger groups when data analyses suggested commonalities across particular segments. The table above reflects two different ways in which larger groups were created. In the first case, segments were aggregated based on whether or not they reported a broadband connection at home. This resulted in three larger groups: (a) home broadband adopters, (b) Internet users without home broadband, and (c) non-connectors. In the second instance, the six segments were aggregated according to the consistency (or lack thereof) of their Internet connection. In this case, the broader categories included: (a) Internet users with a constant connection (always online, via a home broadband connection or mobile service), (b) Internet users with an intermittent connection, and (c) non-connectors. Factors in Home Broadband Adoption In brief, the factors considered in this study include: Indicators of socio-economic status (e.g., income, education). Demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, the size of the household, and the number of children in the home; but also factors that are salient in the study of Latino populations in the U.S., such as language spoken at home, nativity and immigration generation, ancestry, and residential tenure in the United States. Perceptions related to the Internet and broadband (e.g., perceived cost of broadband, perceived usefulness), as well as beliefs and attitudes towards the Internet (e.g., regarding the ability of the Internet to help individuals be more productive, whether the Internet is a safe or dangerous place, whether seniors stand to gain less than young people from connecting to the Internet). Social influence or the role of children, family, and friends in home broadband adoption. Internet-related literacy; and Prior experience with the Internet and broadband, in particular. 12
13 Communication Ecologies and Media Use Prior communication and media research suggests that new communication platforms and media do not emerge in a vacuum. Instead, they always become embedded in wider webs of communication resources that individuals have created in the course of their everyday lives in order to achieve a variety of goals (e.g., staying on top of what is happening in their community, making purchasing decisions, obtaining health information, entertainment) (Ball- Rokeach, 1998; Matsaganis, Katz, & Ball-Rokeach, 2011; Wilkin, Ball-Rokeach, Matsaganis, & Cheong, 2007). We refer to these webs of communication resources as individuals communication ecologies. The importance of each communication resource is relative; that is to say, its importance depends on the goals for which individuals use it (e.g., social understanding versus entertainment) and on the variety of other communication resources a person has access to and has incorporated into his or her communication ecology. In this study, we included a small battery of questions intended to capture communication ecology differences among Latinos who are home broadband adopters, Latinos who are otherwise connected to the Internet but do not have broadband at home, and non-connectors. We focused on one goal and asked participants to identify what communication resource they considered most important for obtaining information that would help them make decisions about purchasing technological products and services. These data are likely to have practical value in designing public campaigns aimed at increasing broadband adoption across the U.S. In addition to questions pertaining to participants communication ecologies, several other items allowed us to capture individuals connectedness to, or use of, various media options including television, radio, and newspapers, (mainstream, English-language media, but also ethnically-targeted media). Media consumption data were used to (a) identify differences among home broadband adopters, Internet users without broadband at home (i.e., mobile, nomadic, and dial-up Internet users), and individuals with no Internet connection and (b) explore how media consumption is related to home broadband adoption (and Internet connectedness more broadly speaking) among Latinos. 13
14 Methodology Data were collected from October 6 through December 12, 2010 from 1,600 Latino households through a telephone survey conducted across four metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) that included the cities of Charlotte (North Carolina), Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York. Approximately 400 participants were recruited from every area. The sample was generated based on lists of households associated with Latino households. As each MSA consisted of multiple counties, the percentage of Latinos in each county (based on U.S. Census Bureau data) was used to determine what percentage of the sample would be drawn from each county. Interviews were conducted by trained Interview Service of America (ISA) staff. Interviewers were required by the IRB of the University at Albany, State University of New York to complete additional training modules pertaining to research with human subjects. As many as eight attempts were made to contact sampled landline telephone numbers. Calls were staggered over times of day and days of the week to maximize the chance of making contact with potential respondents. Interviewers asked to speak with the adult head of household and asked a battery of questions to determine eligibility. Interviews were conducted in the language of preference of the participant (i.e., in Spanish or in English) and the average duration of the interviews was 19 minutes. Applying the American Association for Public Opinion Research s (AAPOR) guidelines, the minimum response rate for the survey was calculated to be.10 (Response Rate 1), the minimum household level cooperation rate was.24 (Cooperation Rate 1), the refusal rate.09 (Refusal Rate 1), and the household-level contact rate.36 (Contact Rate 1). These rates are conservative estimates and are within the region of expected values for surveys targeting landlines only (for more information on the formulae used to calculate minimum response, cooperation, refusal, and contact rates, please see: AAPOR, 2011). The analysis of the data involved a combination of statistical procedures, including chi-square analyses, analyses of variance (ANOVAs), correlations, and regressions (multiple, multinomial, and logistic). Certain sampling methodology limitations should be considered in appreciating this research. Cost considerations made it necessary to use a Latino surname household sample. Such listed samples offer cost-efficiency (particularly at low incidence levels), but they also impact negatively the ability to generalize to the broader population. Therefore we are cautious in making generalizations about the entire U.S. Latino population, based on the complete data set. 14
15 Key Findings Overall, just over two-thirds of study participants are online (68%), but less than half (48%) have a broadband connection at home. These findings offer further support for general trends discussed in studies conducted around the same time (Gant, Turner-Lee, Li, & Miller, 2010; Horrigan, 2010; Smith, 2010, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2011) Half of Latinos with broadband at home also connect to the Internet through mobile devices, such as cell phones, laptops, and gaming consoles. One-third (33%) of Latinos in our sample accessed the Internet through a mobile Internet plan, but only 1 in 4 accesses the Internet exclusively via a mobile device. While mobile Internet use is growing nationwide and, in fact, growing even faster among Latinos compared to other populations (Nielsen, 2011), our findings question the ability of mobile broadband to act as a substitute to home broadband. We return to this issue later in this report. Socio-demographic factors and home broadband adoption among Latinos: A composite, statistical model One of this study s main objectives was to build a statistical model that would help predict home broadband adoption across Latino households. Towards this end a comprehensive list of socio-economic and demographic factors were considered. The final composite model that captures the combination of factors that best predict home broadband adoption includes six (6) variables, namely: age, education, income, the number of children under the age of 18 living in the household, the number of students (of any level) that live in the household, as well as Mexican ancestry (i.e., being of Mexican-origin or not). Figure 1 illustrates what socio-demographic variables differentiate among three larger groups of our study s participants. Compared to non-connectors, home broadband adopters are more likely to be younger, more educated, and to live in households with a higher income. Compared to non-connectors, home broadband users are also more likely to live in households with fewer children under the age of 18, but with at least one student present. Home broadband adopters are also more likely to not be of Mexican origin. Similarly, compared to non-connectors, Internet users without a home broadband connection are younger, more educated, live in households that are better off financially, and in homes that are more likely to have at least one student present. In addition, Internet users without a broadband connection at home do not differ significantly from non-connectors with respect to the number of children under the age of 18 that live in their homes. In addition, Mexican ancestry was not a significant predictor of being in one group or the other. Finally, home broadband adopters are more likely than other Internet users without a high speed connection in the household to be better off financially, more educated, and live in a household where at least one member is a student; they are also less likely to be of Mexican origin. 15
16 Figure 1. Socio-demographic factors that differentiate among home broadband adopters, Internet users without a broadband subscription at home, and non-connectors. GROUPS COMPARED SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS THAT DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GROUPS Age Education Household # of children # of students Mexican Group A compared to Group B income <18 in household in household ancestry Home broadband Non-connectors Y Y Y Y Y Y adopters Home broadband Internet users without N Y Y N Y Y adopters broadband at home 1 Internet users without Non-connectors Y Y Y N Y N broadband at home N = This factor is NOT one that differentiates between these two groups Y = This factor is one that helps predict whether a person is more likely to be in Group A as opposed to Group B NOTE: 1 Group includes individuals who access the Internet only via a mobile device, Internet nomads, and dial-up users. Perceptions of the cost of broadband More than one-fifth of our study s participants (21%) thought the cost of broadband was very high, while another 34% thought the cost was somewhat high. About 17% of our sample said the cost was just about right. Interestingly, perceptions of broadband affordability were not related to income; there was no significant correlation between reported household annual income and perceived cost of broadband. In addition, 40% of non-connectors indicated that they do not know what a broadband Internet connection costs. These findings do not negate research suggesting that cost is a significant barrier to household broadband adoption. They do, however, indicate that lack of relevant and clear information related to the price of broadband may influence a Latino household s decision to adopt broadband or not. 16
17 FIGURE 2. Perceptions regarding the cost of a home broadband connection among Latinos Very Somewhat Somewhat Somewhat Neither High Don t High High Low Low Nor Low Know 2% Non-connectors 17% 19% 5% 16% 41% 2% Dial-up Users 29% 34% 8% 17% 7% *** Nomadic Internet Users Mobile Broadband/Internet Users 27% 28% 27% 9% 4% 13% 21% 1% 35% 8% 17% 13% 2% Home Broadband Adopters 24% 46% 9% 15% 5% 2% Multi-device Home Broadband Users 21% 44% 12% 19% 3% Comfort using the Internet and perceived usefulness of the Internet 42% of respondents who do not connect or have access to the Internet also indicated they felt very comfortable using the Internet. In fact, they made up about one-sixth (17%) of the entire sample of Latinos who said they felt very comfortable using the Internet. These data support prior findings suggesting that among individuals formally classified as non-connectors many have experience using the Internet and therefore, that non-connectors are not a monolithic group. Among them, we might find individuals who, for example, were connected to the Internet previously but are not currently online for a variety of reasons (most commonly because of a change in their financial situation). The Internet was rated most useful by home broadband adopters. Interestingly, 35% of non-connectors also said the Internet is very useful. In keeping with the idea that non-connectors are a more diverse group than is generally acknowledged, this figure shows that a much larger percentage of the Latino population sees the value of being online than the proportion who are currently broadband adopters and Internet users. Beliefs and attitudes towards the Internet 90% of Latinos who participated in the study indicated that they either strongly agree or agree that the Internet is a valuable source of information. 86% strongly agree or agree that the Internet is an important tool to communicate with other people. 81% also strongly agree or agree that it is important for children to know how to use the Internet; and 76% strongly agree or agree that people can be more productive using the Internet. 17
18 Significant differences in attitude towards the Internet emerged (a) among home broadband adopters, dial-up users, and Latinos who are offline; and (b) between mobile broadband adopters and non-connectors. In both cases, broadband adopters were more likely to agree with the foregoing statements. Study participants also expressed high levels of agreement, though, with opinions that reflect a more negative attitude towards the Internet: 80% said that they strongly agree or agree that it is too easy for one s personal information to be stolen online. 76% also said that they strongly agree or agree that there is too much offensive material on the Internet; and 60% indicated that they strongly agree or agree that senior citizens have less to gain from Internet access than younger people. Somewhat surprisingly, there are no significant differences in opinion here among Latinos across the continuum of Internet access. Taken together, these findings suggest that many Latino Internet users may be wary of being online, but concerns around safety or offensive content give way because they see the Internet as a particularly valuable information and communication resource. Internet literacy Three survey items were combined to create an index of Internet literacy: (a) Do you believe that Internet browser cookies can be used to track people over the Internet? (b) Do you think a Web page whose address begins with https indicates that information or data on that page is transmitted in encrypted form? and Do you believe there is more than one Web browser available to access the Internet? These items were dichotomous; interviewers asked participants to offer yes or no answers. By combining them, each individual received a score that ranged from 0 to 3. 2,3 A score of 3 meant that the participant answered all three questions correctly. Home broadband users scored higher than dial-up Internet users and non-connectors, but not significantly better than mobile and nomadic Internet users. Latinos who are earning higher incomes and are more educated scored higher on the Internet literacy index. Younger Latinos achieved higher scores, too. While home broadband users were most likely to get all three questions right (comprising 60% of those with three correct answers), it is worth noting that 14% of respondents with three correct answers were non-connectors. On the flip side, even among those with broadband at home approximately two-thirds (65%) answered correctly just one or none of the questions designed to capture online technical literacy questions. Among non-connectors, 83% answered one or no questions correctly. These findings suggest that digital literacy may not be a problem only for Latinos who are offline or who are not broadband adopters. Limited digital literacy may influence Internet and broadband adoption, but it also may have a negative impact on individuals capacity to leverage the power of the Internet as a communication and information resource, regardless of the type of access they have. 2 The online digital literacy measure had a range of 0-3, a mean score M = 1.14, and standard deviation SD = Individuals scores on this index were significantly and positively correlated with income and education and negatively correlated with age; that is, Latinos with higher levels of income and more educated scored higher, as did younger Latinos. These correlations were significant, yet generally weak: for digital literacy and income, r =.17, p<.01; for digital literacy and education, r =.16, p<.01; and digital literacy and age, r = -.12, p<
19 Table 2. Level of Internet literacy (IL) by segment of Internet users Internet Literacy Level (3 = max) Total SEGMENT 1 N Multi-device broadband users % within segment % within IL level SEGMENT 2 N Home broadband adopters % within segment % within IL level SEGMENT 3 N Mobile broadband/ Internet users % within segment % within IL level SEGMENT 4 N Nomadic Internet users % within segment % within IL level SEGMENT 5 N Dial-up Internet users % within segment % within IL level SEGMENT 6 N Non connectors % within segment % within IL level TOTAL Scope of technology use Using more technological devices (e.g., laptop, ipod, gaming console) and online services (e.g., , social networking sites) is most characteristic of individuals with a constant connection to the Internet (i.e., of home broadband adopters and mobile Internet users). Individuals with a constant connection use a broader scope of technologies than people with an intermittent connection to the Internet (i.e., nomadic and dial-up users) or non-connectors. In addition, analyses suggest that having a constant connection is related to having and using more technological gadgets or devices and subscribing to more online services regardless of household income. Communication ecologies We defined communication ecologies as those webs of communication resources that individuals construct in the process of their everyday life in order to accomplish a variety of goals. In this study we focus on a particular goal: seeking information that helps individuals decide what technological services and devices to subscribe to and purchase, respectively. The communication ecologies of Latinos with a broadband connection in the home are appreciably different compared to mobile-only broadband users, nomadic Internet users, dial-up users, and individuals with no Internet connection (non-connectors). 19
20 FIGURE 3. Top communication and information resources among Latinos by type of Internet access Interpersonal Newspapers Television Internet Non-connectors 5% 13% 44% Dial-up Users 6% 8% 20% 37% Mobile Broadband/Internet Users 20% 32% 28% Nomadic Internet Users 5% 14% 29% 26% Home Broadband Adopters 5% 10% 23% 41% Multi-device Home Broadband Users 5% 8% 23% 52% Overall, 45% of home broadband adopters identified the Internet as their top resource for seeking and obtaining information that helps them make decisions around purchasing technological products and services. About half that number (23%) of home broadband adopters picked television as their top choice, while 8% selected newspapers. Among mobile broadband users without a high-speed Internet connection at home, 28% identified the Internet as the most important communication resource, while 29% selected television. Another 14% identified newspapers as their top option. The communication ecologies of Internet nomads are similar to those of mobile-only broadband adopters: 28% of nomadic Internet users chose the Internet as their top communication choice, while 32% identified television, and 20% selected newspapers. Individuals with different types of access to the Internet are likely to have access to qualitatively different resources and information for making decisions. This is most clear in comparing the communication ecologies of mobile, nomadic, and dial-up Internet users vis-à-vis home broadband adopters. The latter are much more likely to identify the Internet as their top information source. These results suggest that a home broadband connection may be required for individuals to fully appreciate the Internet as a communication resource and to fully take advantage of it as they pursue everyday life goals. 20
21 Figure 4. Relative importance of English-language and Spanish-language media in the communication ecologies of Latinos A. OVERALL Spanish-language English-language Television 30% Internet 28% Newspapers 10% English-language Spanish-language 52% 48% English-language 76% 24% Spanish-language 77% 23% Interpersonal channels 5% B. BY TYPE OF INTERNET ACCESS Among individuals who picked the Internet as their top communication and information resource: English-language Web sites Spanish-language Home broadband adopters 45% 82% 18% English-language Spanish-language Other Internet users 23% 69% 31% Among individuals who picked television as their top communication and information resource: English-language channels Spanish-language Home broadband adopters 22% 34% 66% English-language Spanish-language Other Internet users 32% 23% 77% English-language Spanish-language Non-connectors 41% 16% 84% Among individuals who picked newspapers as their top communication and information resource: English-language newspapers Spanish-language Home broadband adopters 8% 62% 38% English-language Other Internet users 13% 50% 50% English-language Spanish-language Spanish-language Non-connectors 12% 34% 76% 21
22 Consumption of English-language and Latino media Media consumption patterns among various types of Internet users suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether the availability of culturally relevant Spanish-language content online is a factor hindering Internet use and broadband adoption. Overall, 77% of Latinos who identify the Internet as their number one communication resource for obtaining information that helps them decide what technological devices and services to purchase indicate that the Web sites they browse are in English. In contrast, 76% of Latinos who identify television as their top choice say that they are referring to Spanish-language television channels. Among Latinos who are home broadband adopters, 23% identify television as their top communication resource; two-thirds of these consumers indicate that their top choices are Spanish-language channels. Across Latino Internet users who are not home broadband adopters, television ranks as the top communication resource overall. Among those who identify television as their top choice 77% say they tune into Spanish-language television. Finally, among individuals with no Internet connection, television is ranked number one more often than other communication resources (e.g., print media, interpersonal channels); 84% of non-connectors who say television is their top choice also say that they are referring to Spanish-language channels. In addition, data on how much time per week individuals spend with media indicate that home broadband adopters spend significantly more time with English-language television and newspapers than Latinos who are mobile-only broadband users, nomadic users, dial-up users, or non-connectors. Conversely, compared to home broadband users, the latter four groups spend significantly more time with television and newspapers targeted to Latinos. Interpersonal influence Among Latinos who indicated interpersonal communication as most important when making decisions about technological products and services: One-third (33%) said that they relied mostly on themselves. Another 18% mentioned their children, 17% mentioned their spouse or partner, and another 10% referenced extended family members. In addition, 11% said that their friends were the most influential people in making decisions around technological services and products. 22
23 Group Profiles Home Broadband Adopters While most Latinos adopted broadband at home for its speed and efficiency (30% of adopters cited this as their top reason), many said that their primary reason for subscribing was their children needing the Internet to do their homework (i.e., it was the top reason for 21% of adopters). FIGURE 5. The reasons home broadband adopters identified as most important for having a high-speed Internet connection at home Could you tell me the most important reason for having a high-speed broadband Internet connection at home? Responses clustered thematically N % of Home Broadband Adopters Speed/Efficiency/Always on To help children with social work Because of my family (grandchildren, children, spouse, siblings) Communicate with family and friends To find information/do research For work/to work from home The range of activities home broadband adopters engage in online (e.g., using social networking sites, banking) was significantly and positively correlated to the number of years they have been using broadband, the amount of time they spend online in an average day, their income and their level of Internet literacy. Among broadband users and other Internet users alike, individuals who engage in more online activities FIGURE 7. Top reasons non-connectors are NOT online are more likely to believe that the Internet is (a) a valuable source of information and (b) a necessary tool to communicate with other people. These individuals are also more inclined to agree that (c) it is Responses important grouped for thematically children to know how to use the Internet, and that (d) people can be more productive by using the Internet. Digital Literacy 19% Don t know anything about the Internet Don't know how it works It is too difficult or complicated Financial Difficulties I have no money, no job No steady source of income Lack of Hardware No computer Computer is broken 16% 16% Perceived Lack of Relevance I am not interested I don t care about it I don t feel it s important 15% 23
BY Aaron Smith NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE NOVEMBER 19, 2015 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT:
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE NOVEMBER 19, 2015 BY Aaron Smith FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Aaron Smith, Associate Director, Research Dana Page, Senior Communications
More informationInternet Access and Use: Does Cell Phone Interviewing make a difference?
Internet Access and Use: Does Cell Phone Interviewing make a difference? By Evans Witt, Jonathan Best and Lee Rainie A paper prepared for The 2008 Conference of The American Association for Public Opinion
More information17% of cell phone owners do most of their online browsing on their phone, rather than a computer or other device
JUNE 26, 2012 17% of cell phone owners do most of their online browsing on their phone, rather than a computer or other device Most do so for convenience, but for some their phone is their only option
More informationJohn B. Horrigan, PhD November 2014. Prepared for Public Knowledge
Smartphones and Broadband: Tech users see them as complements and very few would give up their home broadband subscription in favor of their smartphone John B. Horrigan, PhD November 2014 Prepared for
More informationAdoption and Use in America
Broadband Adoption and Use in America OBI Working Paper Series No. 1 B y J o h n B. H o r r i g a n, P h. D. F e d e r a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s c o m m i s s i o n B r o a d b a n d A d o p t i
More information2014 Report Oregon Broadband Adoption Survey. Table of Contents
2014 Report Broadband Adoption Survey Table of Contents About This Report 4 Executive Summary 4 Methodology 9 Internet Use 11 Internet Use by Age Group 11 Internet Use by Household Income 11 Internet Use
More informationTHE FIELD POLL. Release #2509 Embargoed for print publication: Tuesday, June 16, 2015
Field Research Corporation 601 California Street, Suite 210, San Francisco, CA 94108 415.392.5763 FAX: 415.434.2541 field.com/fieldpollonline THE FIELD POLL Release #2509 Embargoed for print publication:
More informationLatinos and Digital Technology, 2010
February 9, 2011 Latinos and Digital Technology, 2010 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gretchen Livingston, Senior Researcher, 1615 L St, N.W., Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel(202) 419-3600 Fax (202)
More informationBroadband Subscription and Internet Use in New Mexico
Broadband Subscription and Internet Use in New Mexico June 2013 Prepared for: The New Mexico Broadband Program New Mexico Department of Information Technology http://www.doit.state.nm/broadband Prepared
More informationConsumers and the IP Transition: Communications patterns in the midst of technological change
Consumers and the IP Transition: Communications patterns in the midst of technological change John B. Horrigan, PhD vember 2014 1 Summary of Findings Americans today have a range of communications services
More informationAUGUST 26, 2013 Kathryn Zickuhr Aaron Smith
www.pewresearch.org AUGUST 26, 2013 Home Broadband 2013 Some 70% of American adults have a high-speed broadband connection at home; an additional 10% of Americans lack home broadband but do own a smartphone.
More informationAmericans and their cell phones
Americans and their cell phones Mobile devices help people solve problems and stave off boredom, but create some new challenges and annoyances Aaron Smith, Senior Research Specialist 8/15/2011 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2011/cell-phones.aspx
More informationHispanic Americans Foreshadow the Future of Media
Hispanic Americans Foreshadow the Future of Media A whitepaper exploring the media consumption habits of Hispanic Americans Presented by + Table of Contents 2 4 5 13 Executive Summary Hispanic Americans
More information2014 Vermont Residential Telecommunications Survey Report
2014 Vermont Residential Telecommunications Survey Report Prepared for the Vermont Public Service Department by the Castleton Polling Institute Castleton College 6 Alumni Drive Castleton, Vermont 05735
More informationCalifornia Emerging Technology Fund Calls for National Policy on Affordable Broadband Rate
Embargoed for media use: Tuesday, July 8, 2014 Contact: Mary Anne Ostrom, Maryanne.Ostrom@cetfund.org Mobile: 510-381-3070 California Emerging Technology Fund Calls for National Policy on Affordable Broadband
More informationOregon Broadband Adoption
Broadband Adoption Submitted to: Public Utility Commission Submitted by: ORC International, Inc. September 10, 2012 [Blank page inserted for pagination purposes when printing.] P a g e 2 Contents Contents...
More informationBroadband decisions: What drives consumers to switch or stick with their broadband Internet provider. FCC Working Paper December 2010
Broadband decisions: What drives consumers to switch or stick with their broadband Internet provider FCC Working Paper December 2010 1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Summary of Findings The Federal Communications
More informationLatinos Online. Hispanics with lower levels of education and English proficiency remain largely disconnected from the internet.
Latinos Online Hispanics with lower levels of education and English proficiency remain largely disconnected from the internet. March 14, 2007 Susannah Fox, Pew Internet & American Life Project Gretchen
More informationPolitics on Social Networking Sites
SEPTEMBER 4, 2012 Politics on Social Networking Sites Campaign and policy-related material on SNS plays a modest role in influencing most users views and political activities. Democrats and liberals are
More informationBROADBAND ADOPTION IN ILLINOIS:
: Who is online, who is not, and how to expand home high-speed adoption John B. Horrigan, PhD Research Director Partnership for Connected Illinois November Executive Summary The Partnership for a Connected
More informationDigital differences. Kathryn Zickuhr Research Specialist, Pew Internet. Aaron Smith Senior Research Specialist, Pew Internet
APRIL 13, 2012 Digital differences While increased internet adoption and the rise of mobile connectivity have reduced many gaps in technology access over the past decade, for some groups digital disparities
More information2012 Minnesota Internet Survey Digital Divide 2.0 and beyond
2012 Minnesota Internet Survey Digital Divide 2.0 and beyond After more than ten years of asking rural Minnesotans about their access to high-speed Internet service, it is possible to draw a few conclusions:
More information24% of internet users have made phone calls online
24% of internet users have made phone calls online Lee Rainie, Director May 30, 2011 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2011/13--internet-phone-calls--skype.aspx Pew Research Center s Internet & American Life
More informationMobile Broadband in Nevada: Access At Home or On the Go
March 2013 Without a doubt, cell phones and mobile Internet service have changed the way that people stay in touch and access the web. The Brookings Institute anticipates that by 2015 there will be 3.1
More informationCell Phone Activities 2013
www.pewresearch.org SEPTEMBER 16, 2013 Cell Phone Activities 2013 50% of cell owners download apps to their phones; 48% listen to music services; video calling has tripled since 2011; texting remains a
More informationDr. Joseph Straubhaar Dr. Wenhong Chen Jeremiah Spence Teresa Correa Dr. Nádie Machado-Spence
August 10, 2011 Dr. Joseph Straubhaar Dr. Wenhong Chen Jeremiah Spence Teresa Correa Dr. Nádie Machado-Spence Department of Radio, TV & Film University of Texas-Austin Contact: Dr. Joseph Straubhaar, jdstraubhaar@mail.utexas.edu
More informationThe Demographics of Social Media Users 2012
www.pewresearch.org FEBRUARY 14, 2013 The Demographics of Social Media Users 2012 Young adults are more likely than older adults to use social media. Women, African- Americans, and Latinos show high interest
More informationVoter Turnout by Income 2012
American democracy is challenged by large gaps in voter turnout by income, age, and other factors. Closing these gaps will require a sustained effort to understand and address the numerous and different
More informationAmericans and text messaging
Americans and text messaging 31% of text message users prefer texting to voice calls, and young adults stand out in their use of text messaging Aaron Smith, Senior Research Specialist 9/19/2011 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2011/cell-phone-texting-2011.aspx
More informationTHE EFFECT OF AGE AND TYPE OF ADVERTISING MEDIA EXPOSURE ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF RETURNING A CENSUS FORM IN THE 1998 CENSUS DRESS REHEARSAL
THE EFFECT OF AGE AND TYPE OF ADVERTISING MEDIA EXPOSURE ON THE LIKELIHOOD OF RETURNING A CENSUS FORM IN THE 1998 CENSUS DRESS REHEARSAL James Poyer, U.S. Bureau of the Census James Poyer, U.S. Bureau
More informationLocation Based Services - The Less Commonly Used
4% of online Americans use location-based services Kathryn Zickuhr, Web Coordinator Aaron Smith, Senior Research Specialist 11/4/2010 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2010/location-based-services.aspx Pew
More informationWhat Do Consumers Know About The Mortgage Qualification Criteria?
Fannie Mae 2015 Mortgage Qualification Research What Do Consumers Know About The Mortgage Qualification Criteria? Economic & Strategic Research Group December 2015 Disclaimer The analyses, opinions, estimates,
More information24% of rural Americans have high-speed internet connections at home compared with 39% of urban and suburban dwellers
Data Memo BY: Associate Director John Horrigan (202-419-4500) Research Assistant Katherine Murray RE: RURAL BROADBAND INTERNET USE February 2006 24% of rural Americans have high-speed internet connections
More information"Resolving the Digital Divide: Information, Access and Opportunity" Tuesday, October 19, 1999, Washington DC
The Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, The President's Information Technology Advisory Committee and The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Paula Y. Bagasao, Ph.D., Director,
More informationPrivacy and Data Management on Mobile Devices
SEPTEMBER 5, 2012 Privacy and Data Management on Mobile Devices More than half of app users have uninstalled or avoided an app due to concerns about personal information Jan Lauren Boyles Research Intern,
More informationThe Social Impact of Voice over Internet Protocol Technology on Latinos
The Social Impact of Voice over Internet Protocol Technology on Latinos Exploring ways to bridge the digital divide by investigating how Internet based telephony is transforming communication behaviors
More information2011 Cell Phone Consumer Attitudes Study
2011 Cell Phone Consumer Attitudes Study Prepared for: CWTA April 29, 2011 Copyright 2009-2012 Quorus Consulting Group Ltd. Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Research Objectives and Methodology 9 Detailed
More informationSMEs and the communications market: 2006
SMEs and the communications market: 2006 Publication date: June 2006 Contents Section Page 1 Background, research objectives and approach 1 2 Executive summary small businesses and sole traders 3 Small
More informationThe Rise in Download Rate of Search & Email Use by Adults
Search and email still top the list of most popular online activities Two activities nearly universal among adult internet users Kristen Purcell, Associate Director for Research, Pew Internet Project August
More informationA Comparison of Training & Scoring in Distributed & Regional Contexts Writing
A Comparison of Training & Scoring in Distributed & Regional Contexts Writing Edward W. Wolfe Staci Matthews Daisy Vickers Pearson July 2009 Abstract This study examined the influence of rater training
More informationTablet Ownership 2013
www.pewresearch.org JUNE 10, 2013 Tablet Ownership 2013 Tablet adoption has almost doubled over the past year. For the first time a third (34%) of American adults now own a tablet computer, including almost
More informationAC 2011-2429: AN INITIAL STUDY OF GEORGIA S HISPANIC PARTIC- IPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
AC 2011-2429: AN INITIAL STUDY OF GEORGIA S HISPANIC PARTIC- IPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION Barbara Victoria Bernal, Southern Polytechnic State Barbara Victoria Bernal is a Professor of Software Engineering
More information71% of online adults now use video sharing sites
71% of online adults now use video sharing sites Kathleen Moore, Pew Internet Project 7/25/2011 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2011/video sharing sites.aspx Pew Research Center 1615 L St., NW Suite 700
More informationA PRELIMINARY STUDY EXAMINING THE SECURITY PRACTICES OF HISPANIC COLLEGE STUDENTS
A PRELIMINARY STUDY EXAMINING THE SECURITY PRACTICES OF HISPANIC COLLEGE STUDENTS Robert Crossler recrossler @utpa.eduh 956-665-2019 Marco A. Villarreal Hmvillarrea13@utpa.eduH 210-844-1418 Francis Kofi
More informationAUSTRALIAN MULTI-SCREEN REPORT QUARTER 3 2014
AUSTRALIAN MULTI-SCREEN REPORT QUARTER 3 TV AND OTHER VIDEO CONTENT ACROSS MULTIPLE SCREENS The edition of The Australian Multi-Screen Report provides the latest estimates of screen technology penetration
More informationBroadband and Education Connecting Students in Texas
September 2014 Because broadband is such an important educational tool, it is vital that all students have the ability to access it. Without ubiquitous broadband access for Texas students, the state risks
More informationBefore the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20554
Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Modernizing the E-Rate Program ) WC Docket No. 13-184 For Schools and Libraries ) ) COMMENTS OF THE WRITERS GUILD
More informationPERCEPTION OF SENIOR CITIZEN RESPONDENTS AS TO REVERSE MORTGAGE SCHEME
CHAPTER- V PERCEPTION OF SENIOR CITIZEN RESPONDENTS AS TO REVERSE MORTGAGE SCHEME 5.1 Introduction The present study intended to investigate the senior citizen s retirement planning and their perception
More informationMaking an Impact: Technology Use Among WomenOwned Businesses in South Carolina
Making an Impact: Technology Use Among WomenOwned Businesses in South Carolina November 2013 Women-owned businesses are a vital part of South Carolina s economy. Statewide, there are an estimated 108,300
More informationef*f Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report
ef*f Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes Report Research Document Publication date: October About this document This report examines children s media literacy. It provides detailed evidence on
More informationInternet & Broadband Use in Kentucky Statewide Results from the 2005 County Level Technology Assessment Study
Internet & Broadband Use in Kentucky Statewide Results from the 2005 County Level Technology Assessment Study Computer & Internet Presence Nearly 70% of adults in Kentucky report having a computer in their
More informationInternet Connectivity and the Digital Divide in California Households: 2015
Internet Connectivity and the Digital Divide in California Households: 2015 A statewide survey conducted for California Emerging Technology Fund by May 2015 About the Survey Population surveyed: Method
More informationAccess to the internet, broadband and mobile phones in family households No. 3
Australia s regulator for broadcasting, the internet, radiocommunications and telecommunications www.acma.gov.au Access to the internet, broadband and mobile phones in family households No. 3 September
More informationFigure 2.1 Broadband Availability in California Zip Codes 19 Percentage of Services
Chapter 2. The California Broadband Market 2.1 Broadband is Widely Deployed in California The analysis that follows is based largely on data reported by carriers to the FCC s Form 477 survey for June 2004.
More informationKESSLER FOUNDATION/NOD SURVEY OF EMPLOYMENT OF AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES
Final Report KESSLER FOUNDATION/NOD SURVEY OF EMPLOYMENT OF AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES CONDUCTED BY: HARRIS INTERACTIVE OCTOBER 2010 Conducted for: Kessler Foundation and National Organization on Disability
More informationE-reader Ownership Doubles in Six Months
E-reader Ownership Doubles in Six Months Adoption rate of e-readers surges ahead of tablet computers Kristen Purcell, Associate Director for Research, Pew Internet Project June 27, 2011 Pew Research Center
More informationDifferences in Length of Survey Administration between Spanish-Language and English-Language Survey Respondents
Differences in Length of Survey Administration between Spanish-Language and English-Language Survey Respondents Tom Wells, Monica Vidalon, Charles DiSogra Knowledge Networks Inc., 1350 Willow Road, Suite
More informationAbortion Viewed in Moral Terms
AUG. 15, 2013 Fewer See Stem Cell Research and IVF as Moral Issues Abortion Viewed in Moral Terms FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Luis Lugo, Director Alan Cooperman, Deputy Director Cary Funk, Senior
More informationNUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE JULY 16, 2015 MEDIA CONTACT FOR THIS REPORT: Dana Page, Communications Manager
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE JULY 16, 2015 MEDIA CONTACT FOR THIS REPORT: Dana Page, Communications Manager 202.419.4372 RECOMMENDED CITATION: Duggan, M., Lenhart, A., Lampe,
More informationCONTENTS. About the report 3. Methodology & survey demographics. Key findings. SECTION 1: Most-used online resources and devices
Published July 2014 Published July 2014 Contents CONTENTS About the report 3 Methodology & survey demographics 4 Key findings 5 SECTION 1: Most-used online resources and devices Online versus offline resources
More information2014 Vermont Non-residential Telecommunications Survey Report
2014 Vermont Non-residential Telecommunications Survey Report Prepared for the Vermont Public Service Department by the Castleton Polling Institute Castleton College 6 Alumni Drive Castleton, Vermont 05735
More informationEcoPinion Consumer Survey No. 19 The Conflicted Consumer Landscape in the Utility Sector. May 2014
EcoPinion Consumer Survey No. 19 The Conflicted Consumer Landscape in the Utility Sector May 2014 Overview 2 Utilities are increasingly seeing customers as core to their business model on a going forward
More informationClosing Online Access Gaps for Older Adults
REPORT SERIES FALL 2014 Closing Online Access Gaps for Older Adults John B. Horrigan, PhD An Initiative of Project GOAL Debra Berlyn, Executive Director www.twcresearchprogram.com Other Time Warner Cable
More informationNearly half of Orange County households have children, and as a result Orange County households are larger than the average Hudson Valley household.
Summary of the Findings Orange County October 2002 SUMMARY: ORANGE COUNTY Profile Nearly half of Orange County households have children, and as a result Orange County households are larger than the average
More informationDisparities in Access and Use of Skilled Nursing Services by Income and Racial-Ethnic Status in California
Disparities in Access and Use of Skilled Nursing Services by Income and Racial-Ethnic Status in California Vivian Y. Wu Background Concerns about Disparities in Long-Term Care Services The baby boomer
More informationCAREER SERVICES USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES
CAREER SERVICES USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES Introduction In conjunction with the Career Advisory Board (CAB), the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) conducted a survey of college
More informationOnline Credit Card Report
Measuring the digital world. TM Online Credit Card Report April 2011 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: Sarah Lenart comscore, Inc. (703) 234 8689 slenart@comscore.com Stephanie Houck comscore, Inc.
More informationAmericans Current Views on Smoking 2013: An AARP Bulletin Survey
Americans Current Views on Smoking 2013: An AARP Bulletin Survey November 2013 Americans Current Views on Smoking 2013: An AARP Bulletin Survey Report Prepared by Al Hollenbeck, Ph.D. Copyright 2013 AARP
More informationDEVELOPING STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
Chapter Four DEVELOPING STRATEGIES AND TACTICS The principal advantage of our model over more traditional approaches is that it can help organizations develop more targeted and therefore more effective
More informationChronicling Latinos diverse experience in a changing America
Chronicling Latinos diverse experience in a changing America 1615 L Street, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 202-419-3600(main) 202-419-3608(fax) www.pewhispanic.org About the Center About the Pew Hispanic
More informationCommunity socioeconomic status and disparities in mortgage lending: An analysis of Metropolitan Detroit
The Social Science Journal 42 (2005) 479 486 Community socioeconomic status and disparities in mortgage lending: An analysis of Metropolitan Detroit Robert Mark Silverman Department of Urban and Regional
More informationBY: John B. Horrigan, Ph.D., Senior Research Specialist, (202-296-0019)
BY: John B. Horrigan, Ph.D., Senior Research Specialist, (202-296-0019) Allen Hepner, Advisory Board Member, New Millennium Research Council (202-263-2930) DATE: June 2004 DATA MEMO PEW INTERNET PROJECT
More informationTechnology Barriers and Adoption in Rural Appalachian Ohio
Technology Barriers and Adoption December 9, 2011 The Appalachian region of Ohio is distinct from the rest of the state with its rich cultural tradition and history, as well as a unique natural environment.
More informationSocial Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults
Social Media & Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults By Amanda Lenhart, Kristen Purcell, Aaron Smith and Kathryn Zickuhr http://pewinternet.org/reports/2010/social Media and Young Adults.aspx
More informationWomen s Way Direct Mail Project:
Women s Way Direct Mail Project: 2005 Summary Issued: December 2005 Prepared for: Women s Way, the North Dakota Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program Prepared by: North Dakota State Data Center
More informationOne Year In: Americans Respond to the Affordable Care Act. With Focus on Women, Millennials, Latinos, and African Americans
One Year In: Americans Respond to the Affordable Care Act With Focus on Women, Millennials, Latinos, and African Americans January 2015 2014 was a seminal year in the world of health care coverage. With
More informationNumber, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: 2009
Number, Timing, and Duration of Marriages and Divorces: 2009 Household Economic Studies Issued May 2011 P70-125 INTRODUCTION Marriage and divorce are central to the study of living arrangements and family
More informationVideo calling and video chat
Video calling and video chat 19% of Americans have tried video calls or video chat or teleconferencing online and on cell phones By Lee Rainie, Director Kathryn Zickuhr, Web Coordinator 10/13/2010 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2010/video-chat.aspx
More informationTHE HISPANIC AMERICAN FINANCIAL EXPERIENCE. 2014 Prudential Research
THE HISPANIC AMERICAN FINANCIAL EXPERIENCE 2014 Prudential Research FOREWORD THE HISPANIC AMERICAN FINANCIAL EXPERIENCE According to the most recent U.S. Census, Hispanics are the fastest growing population
More informationEmployment-Based Health Insurance: 2010
Employment-Based Health Insurance: 2010 Household Economic Studies Hubert Janicki Issued February 2013 P70-134 INTRODUCTION More than half of the U.S. population (55.1 percent) had employment-based health
More informationThe 2009 Consumer Financial Literacy Survey Final Report. The National Foundation for Credit Counseling
The 2009 Consumer Financial Literacy Survey Final Report Prepared For: The National Foundation for Credit Counseling Prepared By: Harris Interactive Inc. Public Relations Research Summary At this time
More informationEnergy Issues: How the Public Understands and Acts
The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Research Highlights Energy Issues: How the Public Understands and Acts T. Tompson, J. Benz, J. Broz, M. Kozey, J. Agiesta, D. Junius 2012 AP
More informationThe Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of U.S. Public Schools
Report AUGUST 30, 2007 The Changing Racial and Ethnic Composition of U.S. Public Schools Richard Fry Senior Research Associate, Pew Hispanic Center The recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions on school desegregation
More informationCo-Curricular Activities and Academic Performance -A Study of the Student Leadership Initiative Programs. Office of Institutional Research
Co-Curricular Activities and Academic Performance -A Study of the Student Leadership Initiative Programs Office of Institutional Research July 2014 Introduction The Leadership Initiative (LI) is a certificate
More informationNew Jersey s State Broadband Program
New Jersey s State Broadband Program April 24, 2013 Topics Overview of the State Broadband Program Definition of Broadband Importance of Broadband in Urban and Rural Areas Availability and where NJ Ranks
More informationThe relationship between insurance coverage and access to a regular source of health care
The relationship between insurance coverage and access to a regular source of health care The relationship between insurance status and access to and use of health care services has been established in
More informationOnline Survey of Employees Without Workplace Retirement Plans
Online Survey of Employees Without Workplace Retirement Plans Report of Findings Conducted for: State of California October 2015 Prepared by Greenwald & Associates 2015 1 Table of Contents Methodology
More informationC A LIFORNIA HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION. Consumers and Health Information Technology: A National Survey
C A LIFORNIA HEALTHCARE FOUNDATION Consumers and Health Information Technology: A National Survey April 2010 Introduction Health care providers, government, and private industry are making multi-billion
More informationSame-sex Couples Consistency in Reports of Marital Status. Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division
Same-sex Couples Consistency in Reports of Marital Status Author: Affiliation: Daphne Lofquist U.S. Census Bureau Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division Phone: 301-763-2416 Fax: 301-457-3500
More informationAdults and Cell Phone Distractions
Adults and Cell Phone Distractions Mary Madden, Senior Research Specialist Lee Rainie, Director June 18, 2010 http://pewinternet.org/reports/2010/cell-phone-distractions.aspx Pew Internet & American Life
More informationInteractive Intelligence
Interactive Intelligence Customer Service Experience Study (Wave II) by Joe Staples Chief Marketing Officer Interactive Intelligence, Inc. and Thomas Bailey Content Editor Interactive Intelligence, Inc.
More informationGlobal Consumer Technology Trends: Poland Briefing
Global Consumer Technology Trends: Poland Briefing June 2014 This document is copyrighted by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA ) and may not be reproduced, in whole or part, without written permission.
More informationSite Matters: The Value of Local Newspaper Web Sites. Site Matters: The Value of Local Newspaper Web sites
Site Matters: The Value of Newspaper Web Sites Site Matters: The Value of Newspaper Web sites 1 Site Matters: The Value of Newspaper Web Sites Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Methodology & Definitions...4
More informationLMX Reports: The Tablet Computer
LMX Reports: The Tablet Computer August, 2011 Excerpts for Review LMX Longitudinal Media Experience For the past three years, LMX has been the only syndicated single-source media diary examining when,
More informationBROADBAND ADOPTION MARKET RESEARCH
Established 1960 Beyond Information. Intelligence. Database Marketing Economic & Social Impact Studies Evaluations Research Modeling/Forecasting SMS 1042 Fort Street Mall Suite 200 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph:
More informationwww.nonprofitvote.org
American democracy is challenged by large gaps in voter turnout by income, educational attainment, length of residency, age, ethnicity and other factors. Closing these gaps will require a sustained effort
More informationPolicy Forum. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in Illinois: Are There Any Solutions?
Policy Forum I N S T I T U T E O F G O V E R N M E N T&P U B L I C A F F A I R S I N S T I T U T E O F G O V E R N M E N T&P U B L I C A F F A I R S Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities in Illinois: Are
More informationOnline Product Research
Online Product Research 58% of Americans have researched a product or service online September 29, 2010 Jim Jansen, Senior Fellow, Pew Internet Project http://pewinternet.org/reports/2010/online-product-research.aspx
More information