Progression and Trends of Water Technology. Alfredo Zepeda Global Technical Marketing Manager GE Water & Process Technologies

Transcription

1 Progression and Trends of Water Technology Alfredo Zepeda Global Technical Marketing Manager GE Water & Process Technologies

2 Due to recent developments and advancements in water and waste treatment, you can overcome the lack of new water and the lack of waste permits needed to expand production by implementing three solutions.

3 Analogy: Communication Trends 15 Years Ago: Phone (land line) Letter (mail) Today: Land Line Phone Mobile Phone VOIP Phone Satellite Phone Letter (mail) Instant message Text Message Picture Message

4 Congratulations! You are now the proud owner of this turbine

5 Site Information Municipal Line 3 Wells on site 3 MGD Permit 2 MGD Permit 500 ppm TDS 100 ppm BOD Primary / Secondary Clarifiers Ion Exchange Plant

6 Changes: 1990 to 2006 Rapid population growth 10% above projections Increased water and electricity usage driven growing economy and standard of living More awareness by the average consumer of water and waste water quality and quantity Development and commercialization of new water and waste technologies lower cost and better performance Plant has become land locked due to development

7 Problem: Today Projections show your power plant will be overloaded in less than 5 years You are asked to expand again with an on line date in only 24 months Municipality & State EPA have capped the plants water usage Waste permits will probably be granted, but will take much longer than required by the project schedule Need for another 1000 gpm high purity water

8 Solutions Use of very low quality well source HERO RO - Desal & Brackish EDR Use waste water Cooling tower blow down evaporator MBR tertiary MBR - secondary treatment Increase efficiencies of existing systems Increase boiler or cooling cycles

9 Low quality: HERO Process: Complete removal hardness and alkalinity prior to RO running at high ph Benefits: Up to 95% recovery even with elevated silica, very high rejection, longer membrane life and ability to take multiple feed streams Drawbacks: Chemical usage and handling, patented process and more complex Trend: In the past used primarily to treat cooling water blow down and microelectronics make-up water

10 Low quality water source: Brackish desalination by RO Process: Using high pressure and high rejection membranes to treat brackish water Benefits: Proven technology, high quality permeate water Drawbacks: Relatively low water recovery, needs advanced pretreatment to maintain reliability Trend: Replace conventional ion exchange systems, use of SWRO elements being replaced by NF and new lower energy RO

11 Low quality water source: Seawater desalination by RO Process: Using high pressure and high rejection membranes to treat seawater (70x salt of drinking water) Benefits: Proven technology, create a limitless source of fresh water Drawbacks: Low water recovery, high power requirement, needs advanced pretreatment Trend: Significant reduction in both capital cost, water independence for industrial sites

12 Low quality water source: Brackish desalination by EDR Process: Electrically driven ion separation, uses reversal process to clean membrane Benefits: Proven technology, very high recovery even with high silica and sulfate, chlorine tolerant, and needs less pretreatment than RO Drawbacks: Slightly lower effluent quality than RO, larger footprint Trend: More applications in industrial reuse after 30 years of primarily municipal use Na + Na + Cl- Cl- Na + Cl- Na + Cl Cl- Na + Na + Cl- Na+ Na + Na + + Na Na + Cl- Cl- Cl- Na + Na + Na+ Na + Cl

13 Wastewater: Evaporator Process: Vapor compression falling film evaporator boils and condenses water using mechanical compressor Benefits: Little pretreatment required and high TDS feed is acceptable Drawbacks: Capital and operating cost very high Trend: In the past used only for ZLD plants in very water stressed areas

14 Waste Water: UF-RO Tertiary Process: Using Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis to treat secondary effluent or Title 22 water Benefits: UF RO provides the most consistent operation and protects against waste water upsets and changing feed water quality Drawbacks: UF-RO is a higher capital cost than other options and not a band aid for other problems Trend: More companies and cities being forced to do this NEWater

15 Waste Water: MBR Process: Membrane bio reactor to replace a secondary clarifier Benefits: Far less space needed, use of existing tanks to expand, lower TSS & BOD, and upset protect Drawbacks: Higher capital and operating cost than secondary clarifier, fewer trained operators Trend: More players entering the market and being use for reuse not just to meet very low discharge limits

16 Increase Efficiencies : Cycles Process: Run the boiler and cooling tower at increased cycles Benefits: Reduced water and chemical usage Drawbacks: More corrosive due to higher dissolved solids, more particulate may cause system fouling, may require use of acid in cooling systems Trend: Due to the need to reduce water and total costs, many customers continue to drive to higher cycles in both cooling and boiler systems

17 What do you do?

18 Conclusion What do you do? There is no correct answer Every plant will need to review all the new technologies available and evaluate based on their situation Good news is that choices now exist that were not available 10 years ago and more are being developed

19 Relieving water scarcity through improved source water utilization Seawater Brackish Wastewater Surface Source Water Quality Well Water Quality Demand Food Industry Life

20 Average daily domestic water use (per capita) United States Canada 335 litres 380 litres Italy 250 litres Sweden France Israel 150 litres 135 litres 200 litres Latin America ME/N.Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 68 litres 64 litres 49 litres litres of water per person per day

21 Implications Lack of fresh water reduces economic development and reduces living standards Difficult to balance water demand for food, industry and people Balancing Water Conservation vs. Economic Growth is a challenge in water scarce regions The value of fresh, reliable water is increasing Consumers will demand knowledge of companies water responsibility The conversion of tough waters into usable resources is necessary Breakthroughs in technology make this practical

22 Implications Cost of Water $/1000 Gal Cost of Desalination Cost Water Reuse Cost of Traditional Water Supply

23 Capital Cost Trends 12 USD per gpm produced EDR MBR-RO Desal HERO Incr Cycles Evap