Economic Crisis. Why good shortages a) British blockade b) Demand for supplies Inflation War debt Exports down
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1 Lecture Objective Trace the divisive issue of slavery as early as the birth of this nation. Understand the challenges faced by the United States after the American Revolution, both internal and external. Understand the emergence of the political parties. Understand the limited opportunities available to women after the American Revolution
2 Economic Crisis Why good shortages a) British blockade b) Demand for supplies Inflation War debt Exports down
3 Great Britain and U.S. Britain a) Most important trading partner 1) U.S.: provider of raw materials 2) U.S.: importer of Brit. Goods
4 The Virginia Plan Federal government a) Tax b) Laws (directly) c) House: Population=representation Challenge a) Small states
5 The Great Compromise (1787) House of Representatives a) Proportional to pop. Senate a) equal representation Strong federal government
6 The Great Compromise and Slavery Southerners demands a) Slaves represented 1) Excluded for taxes Northerners: Government regulate commerce Compromise: 3/5 th rule a) slave trade (no restrictions for 20 yrs.)
7 Ratifying the Constitution (June 1788) Federalists a) support Anti-Federalist a) too much power to government Bill of Rights (1791) a) Freedom of religion, assembly, press and
8 George Washington presides over Constitutional Convention, 1799 engraving
9 New Government Washington ( ) a) Sec. of State (T. Jefferson) Departments a) Treasury b) War Dept. c) Justice Dept. President a) Consulted w/cabinet
10 Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress established a) Circuit and district federal courts Supreme Court a) justices
11 Hamilton s Plan (part 1) Pay foreign/domestic creditors a) Foreign debt paid Pay states debts a) South protested
12 Hamilton s Plan (part 2) Est. Bank of U.S. a) Funded (private capital) Depository of government funds Opposition a) unconstitutional 1791 (bill signed)
13 Hamilton s Plan (part 3) Government a) Promote industry Why protective tariff a) Protect American products significant: political difference emerged
14 Alexander Hamilton, by John Trumbull, ca. 1804
15 Foreign Policy 1793: France and England (war) Franco-American Alliance (1778) a) Should U.S. support France? Jefferson/Madison: wait and see Hamilton/Washington: declare neutrality
16 Native Americans Intercourse Act ( 1790) a) Treaties 1) obtaining land Problems a) Intercourse Act not respected b) Model for taking land
17 Native American Reaction Organized a) Homeland protection Shawnees, Delawares, and Miamis a) Leader: Little Turtle November 1791 a) 900 Americans killed
18 Little Turtle, copy of oil painting.
19 U.S. Issues Prob. w/natives a) Can t be subdue British in north a) Control fur trade Spanish (west) a) No access to Mississippi River and New Orleans Port
20 Whiskey Rebellion 1794 (Pennsylvania) a) tax on whiskey distillation 1) Rebellion Washington s reactions a) 13,000 dispatched b) 20 arrested
21 General George Washington Reviewing the Western Army at Fort Cumberland the 18 th of October 1794, by Francis Kemmelmeyer
22 Battle of Fallen Timbers Gen. Anthony Wayne: subdue natives a) Aug. 20, 1794 Treaty of Greenville (1795) a) 12 native nations 1) Natives ceded: Ohio, parts of Indiana, Detroit, and Chicago
23 Settling Disputes (Britain and Spain) Jay s Treaty 1794 a) Great Britain and U.S. 1) Withdrawal of forces ) Britain most favored nation Spain a) Opened Mississippi
24 Political Parties (Federalist) Federalist a) Strong central government b) Ties with Britain c) Opposed: French Revolution Supporters (commercial economy) a) Merchants b) Urban workers
25 Anti-federalists (Democratic Republican Party) Weak federal government Supported French Revolution Hostile towards Great Britain Supporters a) Southern planters b) Northern planters
26 Emergence of Democratic Political Culture Initial celebrations a) Banquets for leaders Popular celebrations a) Street celebrations Political party impact a) Voter competition
27 1800 campaign advertising (Thomas Jefferson)
28 Women and Literature Female writers a) New roles for women Judith Sargent Murray a) Equality of the Sexes (1779) View: Educated women a) Service to family b) Teach: civic virtue
29 Portrait of Mrs. John Sargent Murray), by John S. Copley
30 Lady s Magazine (1792)
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