The Geography of North Carolina
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1 The Geography of North Carolina
2 The Geography of North Carolina Chapter 1 Essential Question: How have regional variations of land, climate, and resources in North Carolina affected patterns of settlement and the economy?
3 Topography -Physical terrain -Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth.
4 Geographic Regions of North Carolina
5 Outer Banks The long chain of sandy islands off the coast of North Carolina
6 Sandbanks a deposit of sand forming a shallow area in the sea or a river
7 Mountains- Western most region of NC
8 Piedmont- foothills of NC between Coastal Plain and Appalachian Mountains. Charlotte is located in the Piedmont. Clay
9 Coastal Plain-eastern most region of NC
10 Why is North Carolina known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic? There is a reason why the coast of North Carolina is known as the "Graveyard of the Atlantic." More than 2,000 ships have sunk in these waters since people began keeping records in Shallow waters Capes that stick out hurricanes
11 Sunbelt a strip of warm-weather states that runs across the southern United States.
12 I. North Carolina Geography A. Mountains 1. The Mountains that run through the Western region of NC are the Appalachian Mountains (named after the Apalachee Native Americans). 2. The Appalachians rise to their highest elevations in NC. 3. Mt. Mitchell is the highest mountain east of the Mississippi River.
13 B. Piedmont 1. Piedmont is a French word meaning "foot of the mountain," and North Carolina's Piedmont region is sometimes referred to as "the foothills." The rolling hills of this region range in elevation from just 300 feet in the east to 1,500 feet near the mountains. 2. Elevations between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont change so sharply that rivers spill off the Piedmont in rocky rapids or low waterfalls. The dividing line between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain is called the fall line.
14 C) Coastal Plain 1. Eastern most region of NC; borders Atlantic Ocean. 2. The Outer Banks are the long chain of sandy islands in the Coastal Plain. 3. The highest sand dune along the Atlantic coast is Jockey s Ridge at Nags Head. 4. Tidewater- low lying area in the Coastal Plain where water near the mouths of rivers rises and falls with ocean tides.
15 Coastal Plain Continued 5. The coast of NC is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic. (Ships wreck into capes, get stuck in shallow water, get caught in hurricanes). 6. Cape- a point of land projecting into a body of water a) Cape Hatteras, Cape Fear, Cape Lookout 7. Sounds-A long, relatively wide body of water, larger than a strait or a channel, connecting larger bodies of water. a) Albermarle Sound b) Pamlico Sound
16 II. Climate in NC A) Definition of Climate Climate: the main kind of weather that a region enjoys over an extended period of time. 1) The Appalachian Mts act as a barrier and stop masses of cold air headed southeast from the interior. (The higher the elevation, the colder the climate). 2) While North Carolina is located in a warm temperate zone, (Sunbelt) its diverse regions can experience a great variety of weather conditions.
17 Climate Continued 3) While locations in the mountains may see average temperatures of 30 degrees in January and 65 degrees in August, locations in the coastal plains can often experience January averages in the mid 40's and August averages in the 90's. 4) The Piedmont has a hot, humid summer with a long growing season and mild winters 5) The state averages 44 inches of rainfall each year, and 5 inches of snow.
18 *You don t have to write down the next slide, however, you can use this information to help you with climate facts for your brochure if you are doing the mountains.
19 Climate in the Mountains of North Carolina Spring: This season can bring wildly varying weather--anything from snow, to heat waves in the 90's, but it's usually mild and fairly wet. It's also very scenic as the new leaves and wildflowers advance higher and higher in elevation. Summer: Temperatures in the mountain valleys are typically in the mid 80's, only occasionally reaching 90 or above, and scattered afternoon thunderstorms are likely. The cool forests, cold streams, and high mountain elevations offer respite from the heat on rare occasions when it gets too hot to hike in the valleys. This is a wet season, and when cold fronts do move through, widespread heavy rain can occur, and influence from tropical systems - heavy rain and wind - is possible mainly toward late summer. Beware of nagging insects during summer. Fall: This season offers spectacular leaf displays, cooler temperatures (60's and 70's), clear, dry, crisp air, and great weather for hiking. This is, on average, the driest season. Early fall brings the possibility of tropical systems with rain and wind. The best fall colors are from late September on the highest peaks to late October or early November in the valleys. Winter: You will experience occasional snow during this wet season, with average highs in the 40's and 50's; however extreme cold and snow is not at all uncommon, as are days that are sunny and 60 degrees. The snow generally melts quickly, though it may stay around for a month or more at higher elevations. Trails may be icy and high-elevation wet trails may require crampons or avoidance due to large slabs of ice.
20 III. Natural Resources in NC A) Definition of Natural Resources -materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain 1. Mountains 2. Piedmont 3. Coastal Plain
21 Natural Resources Natural resources-parts of nature that man uses in some way.
22 Marble limestone Talc Natural Resources in Mountains
23 Rubies Garnets Sapphires Diamonds
24 Natural Resources in Piedmont Red clay Mica
25 Clay Granite Natural Resources in the Piedmont Slate Quartz
26 Natural Resources in the Coastal Plain Menhaden-derives from a Water Native American word for fertilizer. It is generally thought that Pilgrims were advised by Squanto to plant the fish with their corn crops.
27 Natural Resources in the Coastal Plain Sea Mullet Tuna Loam-soil that is a mixture of sand, clay, and decaying plants
28 Chapter 1 Questions with Groups Directions: Work with your group to answer the following questions in complete sentences in your interactive notebook. Use the markers at your table to record your group s answers on the chart paper. You are the expert to the answers for these questions and will be presenting to the rest of the class, so make sure you explain your answer and include important details.
29 Group 1: 1) What are barrier islands? 2) How do barrier islands protect the mainland? 3) Why did many ships wreck along the Outer Banks? 4) What is the Coastal Plain? 5) Why are the low-lying areas of the mouths of rivers called the Tidewater?
30 Group 2 6. What is the Piedmont? 7. What mountain range stretches through the Western part of North Carolina? 8. Why did people name the dividing line between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain the fall line? 9. What is one of the most important factors influencing a region s climate? 10. How does bordering the Atlantic Ocean affect North Carolina s climate?
31 Group What often stops masses of cold air from the Great Plains from reaching North Carolina? 12. Why does altitude vary across North Carolina? 13. Why is the temperature generally cooler in the mountains than it is along the coast? 14. What area of North Carolina is most likely to receive heavy snowfall? Explain. 15. What kinds of weather is North Carolina likely to receive in summer months?
32 Group What effect do you think North Carolina s precipitation levels have on agriculture in the state? 17. In what part of North Carolina do wind speeds tend to be the highest? 18. How did sailors view North Carolina s winds? 19. How has wind affected the Outer Banks? 20. What kind of soil is found in the Tidelands?
33 Group What kind of soil is found in the Piedmont? 22. How did the soil type affect settlement patterns in North Carolina? 23. What building materials are found in the Piedmont? 24. What animal found in North Carolina especially impressed the early colonists? Explain. 25. Name some animals that continue to thrive in North Carolina.
34 Group Why is North Carolina home to such a variety of plants and wildlife? 27. What is the largest lake in North Carolina? 28. What are some important rivers found in the state? 29. How do you think North Carolina s vast water resources have affected its economic development? 30. What are the three regions of North Carolina from West to East?
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