Name: Date: Class: 1. What is a model used for in science. Give 3 examples.

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1 Name: Date: Class: Study Guide for FINAL EXAM FOR SEMESTER ONE!!! 1. What is a model used for in science. Give 3 examples. 2. What is a scientific law? 3. What is the SI unit of a. Mass b. Volume c. Distance 4. In SI, is used for a temperature scale? 5. A millimeter (mm) represents what fraction of a meter? 6. A salad is a good example of what kind of mixture. 7. In an atom, indicate where each of the following is located: a. proton b. electron c. neutron 8. Matter is defined as. 9. Define each of the follow and give an example a. Melting b. Evaporation c. Condensation d. Sublimination 10. Sugar is a solid? 11. are formed when acids and bases react?

2 12. Reacting with acids such as HCl is a property of a substance? 13. Provide the numerical range or number of that represents the following ph. a. Acidic b. Neutral c. Basic d. Bitter 14. When Sodium bonds with and halogen and loses an electron, the sodium has the new electron configuration of which other element? 15. When two atoms are covalently bonded and are sharing three pairs electrons, what type of bond do they form? 16. What is the maximum number of electrons in each of the following energy levels? a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3 rd 17. Which type of bond is most common between a metal and a nonmetal? 18. A bond has shared electrons while a bond has lost or gained electrons. 19. Chemical reactions that absorb thermal energy are called and one that releases energy is called? 20. What should be balanced in a chemical equation? 21. What is the purpose of an inhibitor in a chemical reaction? 22. What is the law of conservation of mass?

3 23. What is a catalyst? 24. What factors affect reaction rate? 25. Which reaction releases thermal energy? 26. What factors would DECREASE the rate of a chemical reaction? 27. What is the number of the group of elements in which the elements have a stable outer energy level? 28. Identify the Group Number for each of the following families? a. Halogens c. Alkali Metals b. Noble Gases d. Alkaline Earth Metals 29. Which term describes the units that make up substances formed by ionic bonding? 30. What common molecule is an example of a polar covalent bond? 31. Describe what happens to the electrons in the formation of a POLAR covalent bond? 32. How many electrons are in the outer energy level of the following Groups on the periodic table of elements? a. 1 c. 2 b. 14 d Group 1 elements, need to get rid of one electron to achieve stability. What is the name of the group?

4 34. A sour taste is a property of solutions? 35. What type of compounds will NOT dissolve in water? 36. What type of molecule is water? 37. A SOLID might become less soluble in a liquid when you decrease what? 38. A solution is prepared by adding 100 g of solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH, to 1,000 ml of water. What is the solid NaOH called? 39. Given equal concentrations, what will produce the most hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution? 40. Bile, an acidic body fluid used in digestion, has a HIGH concentration of hydronium ions. Predict its ph. 41. When you swallow an antacid, what happens to your stomach acid? 42. What happens to the Boiling Point when a Solute is added to a Solvent? 43. Litmus Paper, an Indicator turns what color when it is dipped into Strong BASE. 44. If the results from your investigation do not support your hypothesis, what should you do? 45. What is it called when you combine what you already know with new facts? 46. What are the variables that do not change in an experiment called?

5 47. An educated guess that can be tested and is based on what you know and what you observe is called what? 48. What term describes how close measurements are to each other? 49. What is used to organize data? 50. Give an example when you would use a line graph and when you would use a bar graph. 51. Write a number with six digits and round to the nearest thousandth. 52. How does a Scientist describe measurements that are accurate? 53. What is another name for a homogenous mixture? 54. What is an isotope? 55. What are the three different particles in an atom? 56. Who is Democritus. 57. What happens to an object as its kinetic energy increases? 58. In which state of matter do particles stay close together, yet are able to move past one another?

6 59. Glass is an example of what type of solid? 60. During which processes do particles of matter absorb energy? 61. change results in new compounds being formed. 62. Slippery and bitter taste is an example of physical properties of. 63. What happens to the electrons in the formation of a polar covalent bond? 64. In the chemical formula CO2, the subscript 2 shows what? 65. A metal tool rusting is an example of what kind of change? 66. Balanced the following equation. a. CH4 + O CO 2 + H 2 O 67. Identify an example of a solution. Fill in the Blank 76. The area around the nucleus where electrons travel. 77. The solid that forms when certain solutions are mixed 78. The ability to change or move matter 79. The force that holds two atoms together. 80. A bond formed between atoms sharing electrons. 82. A process that produces a chemical change. 83. Substances that exist before the reaction begins. 84. Minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to begin. 85. Biological catalysts that speed up reactions to help your cells work better. 86. When the PRODUCTS are more stable than the reactants. 87. I must gain or lose electrons before forming this. 88. When the bonds of the reactants have less energy than those of the products. 90. How fast a chemical reaction takes place once it has started.

7 91. Describe the two ways to measure reaction rates during a chemical reaction. 92. Why do Group I elements of the periodic table INCREASE in reactivity as you move down the group. 93. Draw an Electron Dot Diagram for an element from each: a Group 1 b Group 2 c Group 17 d Group Describe the electron arrangement in a water molecule? 98. How many significant figures exist in the following number? cm equals m kg equals g Write 919,000,000 in scientific notation Write 8.34 x 10-5 in standard notation.

8 103. What are the three main branches of science? 104. List the steps of the Scientific Method in order Why is it important to take good notes during a scientific experiment? 106. Round 11.72m to the nearest tenth of a meter The SI unit used to measure volume is What is the purpose of having a unified system of measurement such as SI Units for scientists to use all over the world? 109. Who was J.J. Thompson, what did he discover? What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

9 110. What is the difference between atomic number and mass number? 111. Explain what an isotope is Describe each of the following states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas mm = m 115. Write in Scientific Notation

CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING

CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING Essential Standard: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER,