Presentation by Annick Roetynck AVERE Light Electric Vehicle Policy Manager WEBikeC Workshop Gent, 9 and 10 June 2016

Transcription

1 Presentation by Annick Roetynck AVERE Light Electric Vehicle Policy Manager WEBikeC Workshop Gent, 9 and 10 June 2016

2 Annick Roetynck Degree Political Science In 2Wheel sector since Wheel articles in public magazines & trade papers, i.e. Bike Europe Secretary General of Belgian 2Wheel Federation Secretary General of ETRA

3 Annick Roetynck For ETRA: Defence and promotion interests 2-wheel dealers at EU level Strong involvement in development better rules for LEVs Awareness-raising in European institutions, e.g. Sustainable2wheels

4 The European Association for Electro- Mobility, founded in 1978 To promote the use of electric vehicles for a more sustainable mobility European network of 17 national associations/ + 1,000 members: vehicle & equipment manufacturers, users, ngo s, R&D entities, interest groups, public bodies Establishment LEV Task Force

5 Main Activities: Advocacy Networking & Information European Projects Conferences

6 AVERE LEV Task Force LEV-TF scope: all L-category vehicles, i.e. electric bicycles, mopeds, scooters, motorcycles, tricycles, quadricycles, quads, light quadrimobiles and LEVs excluded from L-category Objective: to develop and promote light electric mobility in the EU as a sustainable mobility solution, thus contributing to combatting climate change, improving quality of life and public health, greening the economy and creating green jobs, Who can participate: any company, organisation or invidivual who has an interest in the European LEV market and wishes to contribute in the framework of the AVERE LEV- TF to the promotion of LEVs

7 What are LEVs? The term Light Electric Vehicle covers a wide range of very different vehicles: powered bicycles, mopeds, motorcycles, tricycles, quads, quadri-mobiles, selfbalancing vehicles, vehicles without a seating position, They are exclusively battery powered. In Europe, their weight is limited to 600 kg. 7

8 What are LEVs? In some cases muscular power is added to the battery power, for instance on electric bicycles, electric recumbent bikes, velomobiles, electric handbikes, 8

9 LEV Groups Electric bicycles excluded from typeapproval Electric bicycles in type-approval Electric Powered 2, 3 and 4- wheelers in type-approval Light electric vehicles excluded from typeapproval

10 European LEV Market Electric bicycles excluded from type-approval: huge success, sales today close to 1,5 million and growing despite lack of political interest Electric bicycles in type-approval: success starting, sales a few thousand but huge confusion, type-approval = expensive and unadapted framework, incoherent terms of use, lack of political interest Electric 2-, 3- and 4-wheelers: success starting, sales in 2015 around 20,000 and growing but lack of political interest Light electric vehicles excluded from type-approval: marginal sales due to unadapted framework, hope for improvement since exclusion from type-approval but lack of political interest

11 What are LEVs used for? Light Electric Vehicles are used for different purposes: Public services: fire brigades, police, emergency services 11

12 What are LEVs used for? Light Electric Vehicles are used for different purposes: Public services: garbage collection, public gardens departments, street cleaning 12

13 What are LEVs used for? Light Electric Vehicles are used for different purposes: Commuting, shopping, transport of children 13

14 What are LEVs used for? Light Electric Vehicles are used for different purposes: Commercial services: home delivery, courier services, 14

15 What are LEVs for? Light Electric Vehicles are used for different purposes: Recreation, tourism: sports, touring, city trips, 15

16 Worldwide Electric Bicycle Sales Source: EBWR 2015

17 European Electric Bicycle Market EU Electric Bicycle Sales ,250,

18 Electric Bicycle Market Country E-bikes sold in 2015 Change compared to 2014 Market share Germany 535, ,5% 12% The Netherlands 280, ,5% 28,5% Belgium 125, % 28% France 102, % 3,5% Austria 77, ,5% 19% Switzerland 66, % 20,5% Italy 66, % 7% Sweden est. 30, % 6% Czech Republic est. 25,000 n.a. 8% Norway est. 20,000 n.a. 5%

19 Analysis Electric Bicycle Market Leaders: The Netherlands, Germany & Belgium = mature markets Riders are getting younger, looking for more sporty models Electric bike use becomes more diverse: commuters, service bikes, logistics, tourism, rental schemes, Success goes together with policies to push cars out of urban areas and growing traffic problems Average electric bike price = + 2,000

20 Analysis Electric Bicycle Market Followers: France, Austria, Italy (?) Sales until recently very low Now fast increase Same trends as for leaders Average electric bike price = 1,200 to 2,000 Doubters: For instance in Denmark, Sweden & the UK, electric bikes still not taking off In Denmark, cyclists can t be bothered, in UK motorists can t be bothered Average electric bike price = 1,200 to 2,000

21 Analysis Electric Bicycle Market Stragglers: Southern Europe: Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal: sales remain marginal Bicycle associated with sports and recreation Little use as means of transport in urban areas Eastern European countries: sales very low Cycling has negative image Electric bicycle considered expensive means of transport Avere electric bike price = 750 to 1,250

22 General Developments 25km/h pedelecs continue to grow. Players from other sectors become interested: Huge success for Bosch, Shimano finally catching up, still other and new players: BionX, Bafang, Panasonic, TDCM, Yamaha, Brose Interest and attempts from car manufacturers bu no impressive success stories yet Limited and hesitating interest from scooter/motorcycle sector: Klever Mobility = electric bike brand of Kymco Piaggio working on electric bike project as one step towards the new light mobility market Accell, originally conventional bike maker, market leader: 12% total turnover growth in Electric bicycles = 45% share in turnover, 41% in 2014 and 35% in 2013 Electric bike only brands become more known, more popular, for instance Stromer, Flyer, Klever Mobility,

23 General Developments Faster electric bicycles come on the market Confusion, uncertainty & deception related to unadapted, expensive technical rules and terms of use for electric bicycles in type-appproval, Nevertheless, sales taking off: > 3,000 in NL (2015) = +30% Mainly commuters who live up to 30 km away from work EU Import 01/15 till 08/15 = 172,000 = + 30%

24 General Developments Sales electric mountain bikes rapidly increasing Users are getting younger and want more sporty bikes 80 and 90 mountain bikers get back to the sport with electric version Expanding range and models 1/5th of e-bikes sold in 2015 in Austria : electric mountain bikes 20% of Accell turnover from electric mountain bikes in 2015

25 General Developments Other types, except cargo bikes, still very marginal Cargo bicycles for transport of goods and children or for other services, i.e. post, become increasingly popular Very few quality electric folding bicycles available. Brompton next year? Very few electric bike sharing schemes available: Gobike in Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Stavanger, Barcelona, Utrecht, BiciMAD in Madrid

26 EU Technical Legislation Electric Bicycles Legislative basis: EU Regulation 168/2013 = Type-approval for mopeds & motorcycles Excluded from type-approval legislation Member states allowed to categorise as bicycle Pedal assisted bicycles < 25 km/h < 250 W: European standard EN In most member states voluntary Selfcertification Bicycle no driver s licence, no helmet, no insurance, no number plate,

27 EU Technical Legislation Electric Bicycles Legislative basis: EU Regulation 168/2013 = Typeapproval for mopeds & motorcycles Any electric bicycle other than pedal assisted bicycles Included in Type-approval legislation Categorisation as L1E-A, powered cycle, or L1E-B, moped Typeapproval of vehicle and of large number of components specific bicycle requirements for certain components < 25 km/h < 250 W: Typeapproval to be carried out by a technical service accredited by MS approval authority At sales, vehicle to be accompanied by Certificate of Conformity Moped driver s licence, helmet, insurance, number plate,

28 Problems with Legislation Spot the difference?

29 Problems with Legislation Pedelec < 25 km/h Pedelec < 45 km/h Mountain Bike < 75 km/h The difference

30 Problems with Legislation Manufacturers & distributors don t know/don t believe the legislation: < 45 km/h are not type-approved Not type-approved mountain bikes are put on the market without information about their legal use Lack of information or misinformation of the consumers Appearance creates confusion about type of vehicle: bicycle, moped or mountain bike? Difficulties to police legislation National helmet rules seriously hamper use of electric bike in type-approval Serious threats to market development and product development Growing discussion about place of electric bicycles on the road All details on rules & legislation: white paper

31 EU Policies & Legislation Europe needs light electric electromobility for: Emission reduction Reducing congestion Combatting noise Combatting climate change Improving public health Improving social inclusion Making transport more energy-efficient Improving quality of life Greening the economy and creating green job

32 EU Policies & Legislation Road transport emissions still problematic: = 1/5 of EU's total CO² emission 3.3% in 2012 but still 20.5% higher than in 1990 Transport is only major sector where GHG emissions are still rising. Several EU objectives: reducing carbon emissions by 60% by 2050 compared to targets by 2020, among which 20% less GHG compared with 1990 and 20% more energy efficiency

33 What can electric bicyles do for sutainable transport? Electric bicycles are able to provide a very considerable contribution to making transport more sustainable. Electric bicycles are: clean and quiet, thus reducing emissions contributing to fighting climate change avoiding premature deaths resulting from pollution and noise energy-saving and energy-efficient, thus decreasing oil dependency very cost-effective and cost-efficient, thus accessible to most, if not all social groups in society contributing to social inclusion 33

34 What can electric bicyles do for sutainable transport? Electric bicycles are able to provide a very considerable contribution to making transport more sustainable. Electric bicycles are: a way to combat congestion, thus reducing the external costs resulting from congestion contributing to public health by not producing emissions by inciting citizens to more physical exercise by preserving the mobility of elderly people, people with health problems and of thephysically impaired contributing to the economy by creating green jobs by reducing costs from oil imports and pollution by stimulating innovation contributing to the overall improvement of quality of life 34

35 Main Hurdles? What are the main hurdles? Static consumer behaviour: - Unwilling to change their mobility habits - Unwilling to adopt new technology Lack of political will to restrict ICE vehicles Lack of political awareness and/or belief in LEV potential Regulatory bottlenecks 35

36 What are the main hurdles? Public perception of electric bicycles: o not safe, not comfortable, too slow, range anxiety o social status o more expensive and less effective Lack of knowledge among all stakeholders on the vehicles, their advantages, rules and regulations, how and where to use them, Technical hurdles: availability of vehicles, service and repair recycling end-of-life batteries & vehicles in a very heavily populated city it may be difficult to find space for parking and charging infrastructure 36

37 What are the main hurdles? Attitude/behaviour of electric bike industry Conservative product design: fit a battery + motor and make it look as much as possible as a normal bike, Little to no interest in ease of use for consumer, no involvement for instance in debate on infrastructure, terms of use, Conservative and protectionist behaviour towards rules and regulations: should fit existing vehicles Protectionist behaviour towards non-european suppliers, especially China Little to no interest in advocacy for electric bicycles in particular, electric mobility in general Does not grasp potential contribution of electric bicycles to making transport more sustainable Still markets nuts and bolts 37

38 What are the main hurdles? Lack of scientific/academic research into: Relevant parameters for technical regulations Product design/development Accurate infrastructure Adaptation existing infrastructure and traffic rules Overall terms of use: helmets, insurance, driving licenses Effective contribution to policies in the field of transport, energy, climate change, public health, competitiveness, etc. Cost-benefit analyses Transport behaviour Lack of cooperation, both between scientific/academic institutes and with other stakeholders 38

39 1996 or 2016?

40 2016 or 2036?

41 Gent, 12 March 2015 Thank you!

42 Further suggestions, questions, comments, information? Please contact Annick Roetynck AVERE Light Electric Vehicle Policy Manager averelev.wordpress.com