Chapter 20: The World in 1450 Chapter 21: The World Economy Chapter 22: The Transformation of the West Chapter 23: The Rise of Russia

Transcription

1 Chapter 20: The World in 1450 Chapter 21: The World Economy Chapter 22: The Transformation of the West Chapter 23: The Rise of Russia Read Chapters from your textbook. Answer the following short answer and multiple choice questions based on the readings in the space provided. Chapter 20: 1. Account for the decline of the Middle East. 2. Evaluate the position of China in the international balance of power in What were the sources of dynamism that fueled the Western advances relative to other civilizations? 4. Describe early Western exploration and colonization patterns. 5. In what sense were the civilizations outside the world network of cultural exchange (the Americas, Africa, and Polynesia) vulnerable to interaction with other civilizations? 1

2 Chapter 21: 1. Describe the early European exploration of the world. Characterize the nature of early settlement. 2. What was the nature of the "Colombian Exchange?" 3. The European expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries created an imbalance in world trade. Discuss the emergence of dominant core areas and peripheral dependent zones. 4. Prior to 1600, what areas of the world remained outside the global trading network? What areas were then incorporated into the network after 1600? 5. Of all the colonial systems, the Atlantic colonies of North America most fully incorporated Western civilization. In what ways were the Atlantic colonies similar to the West? In what ways did they differ? 2

3 Chapter 22: 1. In what ways was Western Europe in 1750 different from the medieval West? 2. Compare and contrast the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. 3. In what ways did the commercial revolution of the 16th century change the social structure of the West? 4. How was the absolute monarchy of the 17th century different from the political forms of the Middle Ages? 5. How did the Enlightenment effect changes in popular outlook? 3

4 Chapter 23: 1. What was the nature of early Russian expansion under the Ivans? 2. In what way did Peter the Great reform the economy and government of Russia through Westernization? 3. In what ways were the policies of Westernization undertaken by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great more appearance than substance? 4. What were the primary differences by the 18th century between Russia and the West? 4

5 Multiple Choice: Chapter 20: 1) Which of the following was NOT a symptom of decline in the Arabic caliphate by 1300? A) The narrowing of intellectual life symbolized by the triumph of religion over literature, philosophy, and science B) Landlords seized power over peasants C) The decline of the Sufis D) Decline of tax revenues for the state 2) By what date had the Middle Eastern peasants increasingly lost their freedom, becoming serfs on large estates? A) 900 B) 1000 C) 1100 D) ) Which of the following statements concerning Arabic trade after 1100 is most accurate? A) Arabic control of the seas was strengthened following B) Although Arabic dynamism in trade was reduced, Muslims remained active in world markets. C) The total collapse of the Islamic world in the 12th century can best be compared to the fall of the Roman Empire. D) The Arab trading complex was reduced after 1100 to the Middle East. 4) Which of the following statements concerning the political fragmentation of the Arabic world is most accurate? A) After the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the emerging Ottoman Empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the Byzantine corner. B) The political fragmentation caused by the fall of Baghdad lasted for several centuries under the decentralized administration of the Seljuk Turks. C) The Mongol conquests eliminated any form of centralized government in the Middle East until the 17th century. D) Following the fall of the Abbasid caliphate, the Middle East became part of the colonial empire of the emerging feudal states of western Europe. 5) Which of the following statements concerning the Ottoman Empire is most accurate? A) The rise of the Ottoman Empire restored the full international vigor that the Islamic caliphate had possessed. B) Turkish rulers promoted trade more actively than did their Arab predecessors. C) The expansionist power of the Ottoman Empire was very real, but the focus on conquest and administration overshadowed wider commercial ambitions. D) The Ottoman Empire had no expansionist interests or capabilities. Chapter 21: 1) Which countries were the largest recipients of New World silver? A) Russia and Mongolia B) Australia and New Zealand C) China and India D) Britain and France 2) Which of the following statements is true? A) From 1100 European leaders and merchants isolated themselves from the rest of the world. B) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had begun to colonize the Americas. C) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had forged trading links with the Americas. D) From 1100 European leaders and merchants had become increasingly aware of the larger world. 3) Who had crossed the Atlantic in the 10th century and named North America Vinland? A) China B) The Vikings C) Africans D) Middle Easterners 4) Which of the following was NOT a technological improvement introduced during the 15th century in the West? A) Use of the compass for navigation B) Deep-draft, round-hulled ships C) Lateen sails D) Gunpowder adapted to gunnery 5) The initiative for Western exploration and conquest came from the kingdom of A) Portugal. B) Spain. C) France. D) Sicily. Chapter 22: 1) Where did the Renaissance first develop? A) Italy B) Holland C) England D) Spain 2) Which of the following sequences lists the major developments of Western civilization in proper sequence? A) Protestant Reformation, Renaissance, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment B) Absolute monarchy, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Protestant Reformation C) Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, absolute monarchy, Enlightenment D) Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Enlightenment, absolute monarchy 3) Which of the following statements about the Renaissance is NOT accurate? A) The Renaissance challenged medieval intellectual values and styles. B) The Renaissance sketched brasher spirit that may have helped create a new Western interest in exploring. C) The Renaissance failed to develop any new ideas concerning political organization. D) The Renaissance was built on a more commercialized economy. 5

6 Chapter 22 continued...: 4) Which of the following was NOT a participant in the 15th century Italian Renaissance? A) Michelangelo B) Leonardo da Vinci C) Niccolo Machiavelli D) Giotto 5) Which of the following statements concerning Italian humanism is most accurate? A) Humanists focused on humankind as the center of intellectual and artistic endeavor. B) Humanists attacked Christianity as rife with superstition and witchcraft. C) Humanists carved out new literary styles without reference to classical or medieval models. D) Humanists emphasized the corporate and communal aspects of human society. Chapter 23: 1) Much of the territory added to the Russian empire was A) Balkan. B) African. C) Asian. D) Polynesian. 2) What political center served as the focal point for the Russian liberation from the Mongols? A) Kiev B) Duchy of Moscow C) St. Petersburg D) Principate of Novgorod 3) Under what Russian ruler was a large part of Russia freed from Mongol control in the 15th century? A) Peter III B) Ivan III C) Ivan IV D) Alexis Romanov 4) What was the state of the Russian economy immediately after the expulsion of the Mongols in the 15th century? A) Russia was already a dependent region within the global economy dominated by the West. B) Fueled by the establishment of the Tartar trade routes with the East, Russia had developed a significant export trade and merchant class. C) Russia had become a more purely agricultural economy, dependent on peasant labor. D) Russia's economic ties were almost exclusively with the Ottoman Empire and hence with Africa. 5) What government did Ivan the Great claim to have succeeded as the "third Rome"? A) The Byzantine Empire B) The Abbasid Empire C) The Ottoman Empire D) The Umayyad Empire 6

7 Create a list of concepts and definitions that you need to know: TERM/NAME Definition Memory Clue Page # 7