The role of Waste-to-Energy in EU - Energy Union and Circular Economy Ella Stengler, CEWEP, Brussels

Transcription

1 ISWA Beacon Conference November 2015, Malmö The role of Waste-to-Energy in EU - Energy Union and Circular Economy Ella Stengler, CEWEP, Brussels 1

2 Waste-to-Energy as part of Circular Economy & Energy Union Diverting waste from landfills Local, cost-effective, secure energy Circular Economy Quality Recycling Waste-to-Energy Energy Efficiency Energy Union Sink for pollutants Replacing fossil fuels with Renewables 2

3 Circular Economy Package 2015 holistic approach The European Commission s original Circular Economy Package proposal was withdrawn (February 2015) To be retabled on 2 nd December 2015 New Circular Economy Package will have a broader focus on the whole value chain, including: design, production, consumption, waste management and secondary raw materials 3

4 Circular Economy Package 2015 holistic approach New Circular Economy Package will include: a Communication setting out an action plan (next 4 years) to "close the loop" of the circular economy, 4 a revised legislative proposal on waste directives: 2008/98/EC on waste, 1999/31/EC on the landfill of waste, 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste, 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles, 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators, 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment, 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste, 75/439/EEC on waste oils, 86/278/EEC on sewage sludge,

5 Circular Economy Package 2015 waste management Revised legislative proposal on waste will include inter alia: long-term recycling targets for municipal waste, packaging waste and landfill, general requirements for Extended Producer Responsibility schemes, simplification and harmonisation of definitions and calculation methods. 5

6 Circular Economy Package 2015 secondary raw materials Priority areas: plastics, food waste, critical raw materials, construction and demolition waste, biomass and biobased products Work on quality standards for secondary raw materials (in particular for plastics). 6

7 Circular Economy Package 2015 secondary raw materials Revision of the EU regulation on fertilisers - recognition of organic and waste-based fertilisers in the single market Analysis and options on the interface between chemicals, products and waste legislation, including on how to promote non-toxic cycles and improve the tracking of chemicals of concern in products. 7

8 Circular Economy Package 2015 timetable Waste management Revised legislative proposal on waste Improved cooperation with Member States for better implementation of EU waste legislation, and combat illicit shipment of end of life vehicles Stepping up enforcement of revised Waste Shipment regulation Promotion of industry-led voluntary certification of treatment facilities for key waste/ recyclate streams Initiative on waste to energy in the framework of the Energy Union Dec onwards 2016 onwards 2018 onwards 2016 Identification and dissemination of good practices in waste collection systems 2016 onwards 8

9 Circular Economy Package 2015 timetable Market for secondary raw materials Development of quality standards for secondary raw materials (in particular for plastics ) Proposal for a revised fertilisers regulation Analysis and policy options to address the interface between chemicals, products and waste legislation Measures to facilitate waste shipment across the EU, including electronic data exchange (and possibly other measures) Further development of the EU raw materials information system 2016 onwards Early onwards 2016 onwards 9

10 Circular Economy Package 2015 landfill diversion Will the Commission propose effective targets to divert waste from landfills? 10

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12 CEWEP Policy Recommendations Circular Economy Uniting the Circular Economy and Energy Union goals Taking a holistic approach Considering the role of WtE in integrated systems, providing Affordable and secure energy Reducing Europe s dependence on fossil fuel imports Saving Greenhouse gas emissions and helping Quality Recycling by treating the waste not suitable for sustainable recycling and Diverting waste from landfills All in respect of the waste hierarchy! 12

13 Energy Union synergy with Circular Economy The European Commission s Energy Union Strategy (February 2015) announces to: further establish synergies between energy efficiency policies, resource efficiency policies and the circular economy. This will include exploiting the potential of "waste to energy". Commission will publish WtE Communication in

14 Energy Union communication on WtE 1. Exploiting the potential of WtE by establishing synergies between resource efficiency, energy efficiency, circular economy and climate change. 2. Efficiency of WtE processes. 3. Processes other than incineration - gasification, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, etc. 4. Location. How to use already available WtE capacities in Europe. 5. Waste derived fuels. 6. Possible diversion from waste hierarchy (cases where WtE process would be more optimal than e.g. material recycling). 14

15 Other European legislation in the pipeline Revision of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) Directive Effort Sharing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in sectors not covered by EU ETS BREF Waste Treatment and BREF Waste Incineration review 15

16 EU energy legislation 16

17 Electricity market Legislative proposals on new electricity market design and on risk preparedness Focus on mechanisms for the redesign of the European electricity market in order to achieve goals of: reliable and affordable energy, efficiency first principle, renewable energy integration, greater interconnection and cooperation between MS, security of electricity supply. Recently held public consultations: Consultation on a new Energy Market Design Consultation on risk preparedness in the area of security of electricity supply Recently published inception impact assessment: 17 Initiative to improve the electricity market design Initiative to improve the security of electricity supply

18 Heating and Cooling Strategy Roadmap : Communication on an EU strategy for Heating and Cooling the contribution from heating and cooling to realise the EU's energy and climate objectives [h]eating and cooling are closely linked with other energy markets, in particular the fuel and the electricity markets, but also with nonenergy markets such as water, waste, real estate and technology. Heating and Cooling Strategy will not propose any new policies but identify areas for further work, which could be developed further in the context of upcoming reviews of the Energy Efficiency Directive, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and the Renewable Energy Sources Directive. 18

19 New Renewable Energy Directive and bioenergy sustainability policy for 2030 Objectives of the review: Establishing an accountable and reliable system for the achievement of the 2030 target of at least 27% renewable energy at EU level (flexibility for MS to deploy a nationally or regionally desired amount of renewable energy). Creating market conditions that allow for the cost-efficient financing and integration of renewable energy into the market Promote cooperation between MS in regional approaches to renewable energy and market integration and grid operation. 19

20 New Renewable Energy Directive and bioenergy sustainability policy for 2030 Objectives of the review: Biomass sustainability criteria - improved bioenergy sustainability policy which promotes robust, cost-efficient and verifiable GHG emission savings with sustainable production and efficient use of biomass and biofuel in the heat, electricity and transport sectors, while ensuring the sustainable use of land, the sustainable management of forests in line with the EU's forest strategy, addressing indirect land use effects, guaranteeing the integrity of the internal market, respecting the international trade rules and avoiding excessive administrative burden; Public consultation to start in Autumn

21 Review of Energy Efficiency Directive Review of Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency Roadmap and consultation process 21

22 Review of Energy Efficiency Directive The Energy Union communication announced: EU's energy efficiency legislation will be reviewed in 2016 The new governance system will have to ensure the delivery of the 2030 energy and climate framework, and notably the implementation of the agreed 2030 targets on renewables and energy efficiency. 22

23 Review of Energy Efficiency Directive The Energy and Climate policy framework for 2030 establishes more ambitious EU commitment for: Further greenhouse gas emission reductions (40%) The share of renewable energy consumed (at least 27%) Saving at least 27% energy by 2030 at EU level compared to 2007 baseline projections. Reviewing the energy efficiency target by 2020 having in mind an EU level of 30% 23

24 Review of Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) An open internet-based consultation has been launched in November 2015: The Consultation has a targeted approach and will focus on some Articles of the EED, to assess them in view of the 2030 energy efficiency target Of particular interest is the review of Article 20 (energy efficiency national fund, financing and technical support): The European Fund for Strategic Investments (Junker Plan) raises the importance to address the market gaps for energy efficiency investments. 24

25 Review of Energy Efficiency Directive Regarding Article 20, question 5.2 of the consultation form is: 5.2. Should there be specific provisions aimed at facilitating investment in specific areas of energy efficiency? Two of the options are: District heating and cooling network development City and community infrastructures in relation to transport, waste heat recovery, waste-to-energy 25

26 26 chemicals and waste legislation

27 HP (Hazardous Properties) classification of waste Alignment of the chemical and waste legislation: Commission s work on the pending definition of HP 14 (ecotoxic) in the classification of waste and non-binding waste classification guidance 27

28 Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) & Regulation No 1357/ classification of waste Properties of waste which render it hazardous 28 HP 1 HP 2 HP 3 HP 4 HP 5 HP 6 HP 7 HP 8 HP 9 HP 10 HP 11 HP 12 HP 13 HP 14 HP 15 Explosive Oxidising Flammable Irritant skin irritation and eye damage Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT)/Aspiration Toxicity Acute Toxicity Carcinogenic Corrosive Infectious Toxic for reproduction Mutagenic Release of an acute toxic gas Sensitising Ecotoxic Waste capable of exhibiting a hazardous property listed above not directly displayed by the original waste

29 European List of Waste (2014/955/EU) - classification of waste * bottom ash and slag containing hazardous substances bottom ash and slag other than those mentioned in

30 Classification of Bottom Ash from WtE plants Currently, most MS classify bottom ash as non-hazardous If this would change and bottom ash would need to be landfilled it would generate 932 million additional costs just for deposition at landfills, without environmental benefit and where is the volume to place it? 81.1 million t of waste incinerated in Europe (2013) bottom ash is ca. 23% (18.6 million t) of waste input in WtE plant Additional costs if landfilled: ca. 50 /t 30

31 Classification of Bottom Ash from WtE plants For HP14 (ecotoxic) classification of Bottom Ash both biological testing and calculation methods using M-factors can lead to legal uncertainty, and different classifications of the same waste and are therefore not appropriate. 31

32 CEWEP study on bottom ash classification HP classification of European incinerator bottom ash (IBA) Part 1: Compilation of data on IBA composition and leaching properties Part 2: Assessment of hazardous properties (HPs) of IBA Authors: H.A. van der Sloot (Hans van der Sloot Consultancy, Langedijk, The Netherlands), O. Hjelmar DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark A. van Zomerenecn, ECN, Petten, The Netherlands A tiered (3 step) classification approach is proposed. 32

33 CEWEP s proposal on Classification of Bottom Ash from WtE plants For HP14 but also for other HP-criteria : add the possibility to refer to an external comprehensive dossier for the procedure of classification in the Commission s nonbinding waste classification guidance, so that Member States - if they wish to do so - can implement such specific approaches into their national framework. Specific example of such dossiers classification approach is the CEWEP bottom ash dossier. Results can be used on the national/regional level for the classification of the bottom ash if a specific bottom ash is in the range of the CEWEP standard ash composition. The non-binding waste classification guidance wouldn't contain any reference to the results of the classification but only to the dossier and its methodology. 33

34 Classification of Bottom Ash from WtE plants Will the Commission and Member States follow CEWEP s proposal? 34

35 Hear all the news about Waste-to-Energy policies and techniques on 16 th June 2016, followed by a technical visit on 17 th June to explore Rotterdam s high efficiency Waste-to-Energy plant supplying citizens and industry with sustainable and affordable energy 8 th CEWEP Waste-to-Energy Congress Connect the dots - in Rotterdam and elsewhere in Europe June 2016 in Rotterdam, Netherlands Contact: 35 ella.stengler@cewep.eu