Employment challenges for Youth Situation, prospects and initiatives in Europe

Transcription

1 Employment challenges for Youth Situation, prospects and initiatives in Europe, Head of Research and Policy Analysis 27 March 2012 Ottawa

2 2 Youth more severely affected by the crisis Unemployment rate by age group (EU27, %) Youth unemployment rate by level of education (EU27, %) % 15 to 24 year olds 25 to 64 year olds % Low (ISCED 0-2) Medium (ISCED 3-4) High (ISCED 5-6) Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q Q1 2009Q1 2010Q1 2011Q1 Note: data are not seasonally adjusted

3 3 Demand by occupation by 2020 potential for young workforce Million jobs Technicians and associate professionals Professionals Elementary occupations Legislators, senior officials and managers Service workers and shop and market sales workers Craft and related trades workers Clerks Plant and machine operators and assemblers TOP 5 occupations most in demand by 2020 Expansion demand Replacement demand Total job openings Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Other associate professionals Net change (expansion demand) Replacement demand Total job openings Sales and services elementary occupations Personal and protective services workers Other professionals Corporate managers

4 4 Skills supply by 2020 Labour force by qualification level Millions % 29 % 37 % % 47 % 47 % % 24 % 16 % Low qualification Medium qualification High qualification

5 5 Early leaving from education and training By 2020, reducing the EU share for young to less than 10% % Young with at most lower secondary education and not in further education or training (% of those aged 18-24), Malta Portugal Spain Italy Romania UK EU Bulgaria Greece % EU trends and the 10% headline target Latvia France Cyprus Belgium Germany Estonia Denmark Ireland Hungary Finland Netherlands Sweden Austria Lithuania Luxembourg Poland Slovenia Czech Republic Slovakia

6 6 Young graduates in the EU 48% of all young people had a medium level qualification in 2009 And 72% of those were in VET Equivalent to over 23 million year olds Most young adults (25-34 years old) with medium level educational attainment have VET backgrounds (EU, 2009) Source: Cedefop calculations based on Eurostat, EULFS 2009 Ad Hoc Module.

7 7 Typical pathways for young people in Europe General uppersecondary graduates tend to continue studying VET upper-secondary graduates tend to go straight to the labour market Pathways for year olds with medium level education in EU27 in 2009 (ISCED 3 and 4)

8 8 Positive labour market outcomes for VET graduates Young VET graduates are more likely to be engaged in the labour market At the medium level: young VET graduates are more likely to be employed and less likely to be unemployed than young adults from the general stream Source: Cedefop calculations based on Eurostat, EULFS 2009 Ad Hoc Module. Data: EU27, 2009, excludes current students.

9 Young general graduates more likely to spend prolonged periods without work 9 Cumulative duration of non-employment after leaving formal education for the last time (25-29 year olds) Source: Cedefop calculations based on Eurostat, EULFS 2009 Ad Hoc Module. Data: EU27 excluding DE, 2009.

10 10 Employment premium to VET in most EU countries Difference in employment rates for year olds with VET and general medium level education (% points, 2009) Source: Cedefop calculations based on Eurostat, EULFS 2009 Ad Hoc Module. Excludes current students.

11 Large country differences reflect systems, choice and attractiveness VET system intensity and type (%, year old graduates) 11 Source: Cedefop calculations based on Eurostat, EULFS 2009 Ad Hoc Module. Excludes countries where VET type was not reported.

12 12 European VET policy Copenhagen process Started in 2002 Voluntary cooperation Subsidiarity principles aims at set in common, means are chosen by MS Policy objectives are reviewed on a regular basis Since 2010 short-term deliverables have been agreed Countries policy progress is monitored Next review of the deliverables in

13 13 VET - Quality, efficiency, effectiveness and relevance Improve the image Promoting attractiveness to raise participation in VET (including skills competitions and campaigns) Becoming acquainted with vocational trades and careers Promote stakeholders cooperation and SP involvement To increase the share of WBL, apprenticeships and number of apprentices Train teachers in enterprises Provide FB on graduates employability Transnational mobility (including of apprentices) Creativity and innovation partnerships

14 14 Business Europe advantages of a Dual system Demand-driven respond to LM needs Cooperation and transfer of knowledge between schools and companies / teachers and trainers Smoother transition to work High level of employability of apprentices for companies and sectors Combine theory and practice Earn while you learn

15 15 Examples of practices 35 examples of policies and practices Information provided by coordinator of the initiative Includes contact details for each initiative Outcome of Study Visits programme for education specialists

16 16 Alternance and work-based learning Combining learning and part-time work Belgium 15 + not in full-time education 47 training centres in Flanders, VET fields offered depending on local labour market Part-time paid work (3 days/week) + training centre (2 days/week) Support by G&C to choose job placement and cope with social/psychological issues Personal training plan taking into account experience, needs and preferences Company staff assisted by the school Tax benefits and training costs covered for employers (ESF) 96% in full-time job 6 months after the end of the program Support to enterprises to provide traineeships DE Jobstarter: funding programme for projects (125 mio Euros by 2013 incl. ESF) To create additional traineeships support companies having no previous experience in training (e.g. high technology sector) Regional offices provide information on conditions for funding and stimulate cooperation between stakeholders Projects implemented interalia by trade chambers, local and regional bodies, education providers and companies

17 17 Alternance and work-based learning Project-based learning in collaboration with local companies Sweden Projects set out between schools and companies (e.g. company marketing, product development, quality and environmental standards ) Assigned to 2-3 learners linked to same company during all three years of program Business nights where students present ideas to a board of entrepreneurs, receive advice and constructive criticism Results presented to peers and to all companies part of the initiative Run own business within the company during the final year of the programme Outcomes for students: key competences, some project have led to real companies being created Benefit for companies: students creativity, recruitment of employees

18 Guidance and counselling Employment challenges for youth Situation, prospects and initiatives in Europe Building one s skills portfolio France Maisons familiales rurales (430) Non profit association for sustainable local development / youth integration / fostering relations between companies, schools and families Skills portfolio for in apprenticeship - to get a first job Apprentices gradually document and evidence skills acquired in formal and informal settings (reflective approach), support of a mentor and a company trainer, simulated job interview at the end 80% in job less than 3 months after the end of training Offering guidance to NEETs Sweden City of Malmö (40% of migrant origin) Improve rate of contact with without upper secondary certificate Inform and guide towards adult education, further studies or work placements Letters, phone calls, SMS, home visits engagement of families (91% contact rate) Individual education plans Denmark IEP obligatory for all students in last year of compulsory schooling Pupils describe, define and organise personal and education choices, abilities at school Support by G&C centres / collaboration with the school / involvement of parents Local groups of young role models visit the schools / support pupils decisions Extra help and individual support foreseen in the plan / IEP updated as necessary Database providing information to counsellors about youth not in satisfactory situation Education attendance of students up to 25: 86.8% in 2010; 91.8% in 2011 (target of 95% in 2015) 18

19 19 Thank you for your attention