World War I The war to end all wars.

Transcription

1 World War I The war to end all wars. Germany Invaded Belgium A"er invasion, Britain became involved with the Allies Italy chose to remain neutral, as did the United States 1

2 Ba1le of the Marne The Schlieffen Plan outlined how Germany was going to quickly defeat the French before Russia could help them. Germans pushed to Paris before having to retreat to 50 miles outside Paris Ba1le of the Marne Simula;on hhp:// maps_outbreak.html Ba1le of Marne Con;nued Proved neither side would defeat the other quickly or easily Turned into a long stalemate 2

3 Ba1le of Tannenberg Russia invaded Germany to try and distract the Germans from the fighmng at Marne. Russia wasn t quite ready to make a move into the war, and the Germans encircled them in a forest with no way out Ba1le of Tannenberg Many Russian soldiers lacked rifles Russia= 30,000 killed and 92,000 captured Germany= Only 13,000 casualmes World War One Ba1les GAS ATTACK! At Ypres hhp:// wwone_movies/index.shtml 3

4 Ba1le at Ypres (EEPR) Germans collided with BriMsh troops for a series of bahles Germans used chemical warfare for the first Mme, catching the Allied troops off guard. Chemical warfare had been outlawed Chlorine gas was heavy and sank into the trenches This forced soldiers to abandon the trenches or stay and suffer Stalemate Neither side can advance on the other so they both dug in for trench warfare Both sides needed to adjust their plans and increase their supplies. 4

5 Trench Warfare Trench Designs Note: these are not in straight lines. WHY? Zigzag to prevent enemy from firing down the line. 5

6 Trench Warfare con;nued Video on trench warfare hhp:// wwone_movies/index.shtml Panoramic views of recreated trench life hhp:// launch_vt_frontline.shtml Trench Hazards Soldiers had many dangers in the trenches aside from enemy bullets. 1. Gas Attacks could linger for days. 2. Trench foot (Immersion Foot) 3. Poor hygienic conditions 4. Standing sewage, blood, and mud at the bottom of the trenches. Immersion Foot: AKA Trench Foot Trench Foot was caused by too much exposure to moisture and unsanitary conditions for prolonged periods of time. Trenches were not know for being warm and cozy. 6

7 Let s have us a good look at those Tootsies. Messenger Dogs -Trained to leap over barbed wire, carried vital information to front lines Zeppelin Created by Germans The Zeppelin is an aircra" which, like a balloon, is filled with a gas lighter than air. In 1914, this was hydrogen, a flammable gas, which, when mixed with the oxygen in the air, is highly explosive. 7

8 War in the Trenches: BaHle of Somme Began July 1916 lasted unml mid November Countered the German ahack at Verdun 60,000 BriMsh died on the first day Some pretty well known individuals fought during the Battle of Somme J.R.R. Tolkien author of Lord of the Rings C.S. Lewis author of Narnia Series A young Hitler also fought here Overall lives lost in this ba1le Germany-650,000 British-420,000 French-200,000 Only 7 miles of ground changed hands for 1.2 million lives lost Impact of the Bri;sh Blockade Stopped nearly all shipping into Germany, No food or fermlizer Couldn t trade with the neutral U.S. 8

9 Bri;sh Blockade Con;nued Led to famine and starvamon in Germany 750,000 starved Upset Germany and led to unrestricted U boat warfare Why did the U.S. avoid involvement? Over There Isola;onism: AHempt to avoid involvement in world affairs by keeping to oneself German U Boats: The New Sailor s Life for Me Before submarines the civilized thing to do was rescue the crew of the boat you just sank. Why would this be a problem for U-boats (submarines)? 9

10 How did the U.S become involved in WWI Americans were upset with sinking of the Lusitania (128 died), trade with G. B. was also affected by U Boats The Lusitania Sinking Zimmerman Note: Alliance between Germany and Mexico suggested. 10

11 A"er the Bolshevik revolumon in Russia the war was a chance for the U.S. to make the world safe for Democracy by toppling the brutal monarchies of Germany and Austria Hungary Pres. Wilson wanted a War to End War U.S. needed months to recruit, train, supply, and transport Sent 2 million soldiers by 1918 President Woodrow Wilson General John J. Pershing Group Effort during War Propaganda began surfacing to encourage Americans to enter the armed forces Posters encourage Americans to work harder to help the war cause. 11

12 Designed to get people fired up about the war effort. Everyone is supposed to do their part Encouraging Workers How/why the U.S ;pped the scales in a gridlocked war Provided fresh, enthusiasmc, and determined troops in large numbers U.S entry coincided with more advanced BriMsh tanks and airplanes being used U.S. convoy system made the U Boats much less effecmve 12

13 Who won/lost WWI Germany agreed to a cease fire (armismce) on Nov 11, 1918, mumny had begun to spread in their army and leaders knew hope was lost U.S., France, G. B. are le" in posimon of power Russia lost enormous amounts of land in the Versailles treaty and sustained massive casualmes during war Soviets were desperately trying to hold on to control of Russia to voice too much opposimon to the treaty. Explain the effects of WWI upon the World Treaty of Versailles made Germany accept all of the blame for WWI, and created 9 new namons (Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and others) 13

14 Treaty s weaknesses: Germany was humiliated Effects of WWI upon the World At wars end both Germany and Russia were humiliated and lost major secmons of land. This le" the leaders and cimzens vulnerable to extreme acmons and policies Cost of WWI 14

15 Europe Before WWI Europe after WWI Main ideas of President Wilson s 14 Points A. Issues that caused the war B. Secret covenants, lack of free seas, large armies C. Boundary changes self determinamon D. People could decide which namon to belong to E. Call for the League of NaMons 15