WASTE TO ENERGY ADVANCES: THE BRESCIA EXPERIENCE

Transcription

1 Excerpts from Plenary Lecture at 2 nd Meeting of WTERT Council, Tampa, Florida April, 28-30, 2003 WASTE TO ENERGY ADVANCES: THE BRESCIA EXPERIENCE Antonio Bonomo ASM Brescia S.p.a. Brescia, Italy

2 Province of Brescia Municipality of Brescia

3 Brescia - Ancient city Panoramic views of the Cathedral square and the Castle, with Medieval and Baroque monuments

4 Brescia - Lake of Garda

5 ASM Brescia Spa Company overview (2002 data) District Electricity Gas Water heating Waste Management Gwh 961 Gwh 584 Mm3 55,4 Mm3 1,057 Mt Generation W.T.E. Transmission Distribution Trading Generation Distribution Sale Import Transmission Distribution Sale Sourcing Distribution Sewage Sewage treatment Collection Street cleaning Disposal Sale Public Lighting

6 ASM Brescia economics 2002 Number of Employees Revenues 785 M Net Invested Capital M Gross margin (EBITDA) 195 M Net Profit (NOPAT) 63 M

7 BRESCIA INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Waste prevention Separate collection (for material recycling) Composting of organic waste Energy from remaining waste (renewable energy) Landfilling minimization (only safe residues)

8 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT To keep a positive rate of development without compromising the availability of resources and the quality of environment for future generations

9 SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION * IN BRESCIA (percentage of waste produced) % , ,7 19, ,4 29,6 31,3 36,4 37, , * Paper, glass, metals, organic waste.

10 BRESCIA WTE PLANT Termoutilizzatore DESIGN GOALS: 1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2. HIGH EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY RECOVERY 3. RELIABILITY, SAFETY, AVAILABILITY

11 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 1. CLOSED BUILDINGS (kept at negative pressure) 2. ADVANCED COMBUSTION. Fully automatic waste feeding, grate movement and combustion control. expert system with infrared camera control. 30 under grate compartments, with automatic independent primary air flow control. Flue gas recirculation (30 %) for Nox prevention 3. SNCR DENOx SYSTEM 4. DRY GAS CLEANING SYSTEM (lime + active carbon) 5. REDUNDANT FABRIC FILTER (6 independent sections) 6. REAGENT SILOS AND DOSING EQUIPMENT FULLY REDUNDANT 7. AUXILIARY BURNERS FOR STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN 8. MINIMUM WATER CONSUMPTION. NO LIQUID EFFLUENTS 9. LOW NOISE COMPONENTS AND DESIGN

12 COMBUSTION SYSTEM (The Martin Grate)

13 AUXILIARY BURNERS ( for start-up and shut-down )

14 STACK EMISSIONS PLANT AUTHORIZATION LIMITS 1993 PLANT DESIGN DATA 1994 EUROPEAN UNION LIMITS 2000 ACTUAL OPERATION DATA Particulate matter <0,5 Suplhure doxide Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Chlorine acid (HCl) Fluorine acid (HF) ,2 Carbon monoxide Heavy metals 2 0,5 0,5 0,01 Cadmium (Cd) 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002 Mercury (Hg) 0,1 0,02 0,05 0,002 PAH (Policyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) 0,05 0,01-0,001 Dioxin (TCDD Teq) ng/nm3 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,01

15 WTE BRESCIA AVOIDED EMISSION PER TON OF TREATED WASTE (compared with landfill disposal of waste, electricity production with heavy fuel oil,heat production with natural gas) % kg/twaste t/ t waste Dust ,11 11 SO2-93 3, NOx ,64 63 CO

16 11 CO2 Emission (Balance related to 1 kg of M.S.W.) LANDFILL Waste anaerobic fermentation Electricity production ( oil fuel - 0,75 kwh el ) Building heating production (natural gas - 1 kwh th ) W.T.E. Waste combustion (production of 0,75 kwh el + 1 kwh th ) EMISSION CO2 (kg) 0,85 0,61 0, ,71 0,95 AVOIDED EMISSION 0,76

17 ENERGY EFFICIENCY The efficiency of energy production is an important environmental protection factor, as it allows both the saving of nonrenewable energy resources and the avoidance of emissions from power plants fired with traditional fossil fuels.

18 NET ENERGY EFFICIENCY 1. LOW COMBUSTION ECCESS AIR 2. HIGH HEAT RECOVERY (all combustion gases heat from 1100 to 130 C transferred to high pressure steam) 3. COMBUSTION AIR PRE-HEATING (with low pressure steam) 4. LOW POWER CONSUMPTION AUXILIARIES (Incl. var. freq. drives) 5. STEAM DATA: 60 BAR- 450 C (possible development: 70 bar 480 C) 6. HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINE AND THERMAL CYCLE 7. COGENERATION OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT

19 60 bar 450 C 5 MW TURBINE 45 MW Boiler 1 Boiler 2 DH HEAT EXCHANGER 55 C 115 C 102 MWth to District Heating 70 C DEAREATOR Thermal cycle

20 DISTRICT HEATING NETWORK 467 km of double pipe inhabit.supplied 34 Mm3 heated vol. 1 km connected buildings 650 Mwth 190 Mwe WTE

21 District heating Pipeline Building substation (30 flats)

22 DISTRICT HEATING USED FUELS NAT. GAS OIL COAL SOLID WASTE and BIOMASS YEARS GWh

23 OPERATION RELIABILITY AND SAFETY 1 PROVEN AND RELIABLE TECHNOLOGIES 2 DESIGNED FOR WIDE RANGE OF WASTE COMPOSITION (6,3-13,8 Mj/kg) 3 REDUNDANCY IN CRITICAL SYSTEMS 4 HIGH LEVEL OF AUTOMATION ( PROCESS PARAMETERS REPORTED TO CONTROL ROOM) 5 DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM 6 REDUNDANCY IN MEASURES AND PROCESS DATA

24 WTE BRESCIA Main data Waste capacity 2 x 88,3 MW Waste throughput 2 x 40 t/h Electric generation capacity 50 MW el Heat generation capacity 102 MW th INVESTMENT 200 M Waste disposal fee 65 /t

25 WTE BRESCIA OPERATIONS DATA 2002 Treated waste ( of which biomass t ) t electricity production (net) 334 Gwh district heating 261 Gwh fossil fuels saving (equivalent tons of oil) t CO2 avoided emissions > t

26 WTE SITE BEFORE CONSTRUCTION

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28 Control Room

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31 District heating achieved reduction of pollutant ground concentration (NOx) North (UTM) µg/m East (UTM)