Medical Assisting Review

Transcription

1 Fifth Edition Medical Assisting Review Passing the CMA, RMA, and CCMA Exams Chapter 6 General Psychology 6-2 Learning Outcomes 6.1 Recognize terminology used in relation to the principles of psychology. 6.2 Describe the differences and similarities between motivation and emotions. 6.3 Describe personality and the theoretical beliefs of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. 6.4 Explain the humanistic beliefs regarding psychological motivation, affiliation, fear of success, and Maslow s hierarchy of needs. 6-3 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 6.5 Explain the theory of learning through operant conditioning. 6.6 Identify and define common psychological disorders. 6.7 Describe Erik Erikson s stages of psychosocial development and Elizabeth Kübler- Ross s stages of death. 6.8 Define grief and its adaptive processes. 1

2 6-4 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 6.9 Identify behaviors and techniques to decrease stress and promote wellness Describe substance abuse and withdrawal and their psychological and emotional effects on the human body. 6-5 Basic Principles Psychology the science of behavior and mental processes Scientific method Identify the problem Formulate a rationale Perform supportive research Theories predictions or explanations Hypothesis prediction that can be tested 6-6 Motivation and Emotion Motivation desired goals Emotion positive or negative feeling in response to stimuli Behavior overt, observable actions Mental processes thoughts, emotions, feelings, and motives that others cannot directly observe 2

3 6-7 Motivation and Emotion Empathy experiencing a situation through the other person s eyes Sympathy feeling sad for someone because of personal identification Fear physiological, cognitive, and behavioral response to a situation 6-8 Personality Typical ways of acting, thinking, and feeling Makes a person unique 6-9 Freud Psychodynamic theory of personality Unconscious forces act as determinants of personality Unconscious part of the personality of which the person is unaware 3

4 6-10 Freud s Mind The id Consists of basic instincts and psychic energy Unconscious mind The ego Reality principle Partly conscious The superego Moral barometer Principles of right and wrong 6-11 Defense Mechanisms Repression Rationalization Projection Denial Regression Displacement Sublimation Reaction formation 6-12 Freud's Psychosexual States of Development Birth to months Oral months to 3 years Anal 3 to 5 6 years Phallic 5 6 years to adolescence Latency Adolescence to adulthood Genital 4

5 6-13 Carl Jung's Theories Extroversion Introversion Personal unconscious Collective unconscious 6-14 Humanistic Theory of Personality Humans are striving to reach their full potential. Full potential can be reached with encouragement and positive regard. Psychological motives Motive for affiliation Fear of success 6-15 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 5

6 6-16 Behavioral/Learning Theory of Personality Learning through operant conditioning Adaptation Behavior modification Biofeedback Cognitive theory Cognitive development Cognition Language Intelligence Cognitive dissonance 6-17 Psychological Disorders Anxiety disorders Depression Phobias Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorders Dissociative disorders Personality disorders Somatoform disorders 6-18 Psychological Disorders Hypochondriasis Conversion disorder Schizophrenia Mania Bipolar disorder Attention deficit disorder Autism 6

7 6-19 Aging and Dying Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Infancy: Birth to 1½ years trust vs. mistrust Early Childhood: 1½ to 3 years autonomy vs. shame and doubt Preschool/ Play age: 3 to 5 years initiative vs. guilt School age: 6 to 12 years industry vs. inferiority Adolescence:12 to 18 years identity vs. role confusion Young adulthood: 18 to 40 years intimacy vs. isolation Middle Adulthood: 40 to 65 years generativity vs. stagnation Maturity: 65+ years ego integrity vs. despair 6-20 Aging and Dying Elizabeth Kübler-Ross' stages of death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance 6-21 Grief A group of intense psychological and physical responses that occur after a loss A natural adaptive response to loss 7

8 6-22 Promoting Health and Wellness Compliance Provide clear instructions to patients regarding medication schedules. Maintain good rapport between patients and medical staff. Be honest. Keep the patient well-informed. Frame messages in a positive manner to help the patient with early detection of a disease. Frame messages in a negative manner to motivate the patient to prevent disease Promoting Health and Wellness Stress General adaptation syndrome (GAS) First stage: alarm and mobilization Second stage: resistance Third stage: exhaustion Aftermath of this syndrome: The patient will be able to lessen the stressor through the exhaustion stage by avoidance Substance Abuse Substance legal or illegal drug that may cause physical or mental impairment Intoxication reversible effect of a substance upon the central nervous system Abuse misuse of a substance when avoidance does not cause symptoms of withdrawal Dependence/Addiction when a person can no longer avoid using a substance without symptoms of withdrawal 8