Psychology: An Introduction

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1 Psychology: An Introduction Benjamin Lahey 11th Edition Slides by Kimberly Foreman

2 Chapter Ten: Developmental Psychology

3 Basic Processes of Development Developmental psychology - the more or less predictable changes in behavior associated with increasing age Maturation: - systematic physical growth of the nervous system and other bodily structures

4 Basic Processes of Development (cont.) Early experience and critical periods: - imprinting - critical period - early social deprivation: - Harry and Margaret Harlow

5 Basic Processes of Development (cont.) Variations in development: - children vary in the rate of their own development from one period to the next

6 Stage Theories of Development Piaget s stage theory of cognitive development: 4 stages Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational

7 Stage Theories of Development (cont.) Stage theories of moral development: - Kohlberg s theory of moral development: - gives boys moral dilemmas to determine level of moral reasoning - Gilligan s theory of moral development: - says girls pass through stages differently

8 Development in Infancy and Childhood Neonatal period: the newborn - first 2 weeks of life - reflexes: - rooting - sensory abilities are well developed - cognitive development is just beginning

9 Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Infancy: 2 weeks to 2 years - physical development - cognitive development - sensorimotor stage: - object permanence - telegraphic speech - emotional and social development: - attachments - separation anxiety

10 Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Early childhood: 2 to 7 years - cognitive development: - preoperational stage: - egocentric - animism - transductive reasoning - emotional and social development: - parallel to cooperative play

11 Development in Infancy and Childhood (cont.) Middle childhood: 7 to 11 years - cognitive development: - concrete operational stage: - reversibility - conservation - decentered thought - emotional and social development: - relationships with peers become significant - cliques

12 Adolescent Development Physical development: - puberty: - primary sex characteristics: - menarche - secondary sex characteristics - adolescent growth spurt

13 Adolescent Development (cont.) Cognitive development: - formal operational stage: - can use abstract concepts - adolescent egocentrism: - imaginary audience - personal fable - hypocrisy - pseudostupidity

14 Adolescent Development (cont.) Emotional and social development: - adolescent emotions: - parent-child conflicts - mood changes - risky behavior: - drinking - drugs

15 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood Physical development: - slow process of physical decline after early adulthood Cognitive development : - fluid intelligence reaches its peak in the early twenties then declines thereafter

16 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Emotional and social development: - major dimensions of adult personality are very stable

17 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Stages of adult life: - early adulthood: - intimacy vs. isolation (17 to 45 yrs) - middle adulthood: - generativity vs. stagnation (40 to 65 yrs) - midlife transition - later adulthood: - integrity vs. despair (65 yrs on)

18 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Evaluation of stage theories of adulthood: - gender differences - cultural differences and historical change - inconsistent evidence - questions about the idea of stage theories

19 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Causes of aging and predictors of longevity: - biological factors - psychological factors

20 Adulthood: Young Adulthood through Older Adulthood (cont.) Death and dying: the final stage - Elisabeth Kübler-Ross: - denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance

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