''1i. il_iij. A Management Calendar for Fall Calving 6OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERVICE 'II EM ! -

Transcription

1 .! - ''1i il_ ' A Management Calendar for Fall Calving 6OREGON STATE UNVERSTY EXTENSON SERVCE EM 8253

2 A MANAGEMENT CALENDAR FOR FALL CALVNG Department of Animal Science, Oregon State University This management calendar is a suggested guideline for the cow-calf producer who practices fall calving. The time of application of the procedures may vary depending upon the location of the herd and uponeach operator's management preferences. Therefore, the suggested dates may not always be appropriate; producers are encouraged to use the management procedures and guidelines that fit their operations. SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER HEFERS CALVE COWS CALVE Calf Management Procedures at Birth Check for dystocia (aid cow if have abnormal presentation of calf or hard labor for 1 hour without progress) Apply strong iodine solution to naval immediately after birth Give calves colostrum if they do not nurse within 6 hours dentify calves (ear tag and/or tattoo) Record birth weight Record sex Give selenium injection (if needed) Give vitamin A and D injection Check calves for pneumonia and scours mplant with RALGRO (do not implant replacement bulls or heifers) Record treatments given Separate cows that have calved from rest of the herd Vaccinate for scours (if needed) Enterotoxemia (Clostridum) vaccine (if needed) Prepare Bulls for Breeding Vaccinations BR infectious bovine rhinotracheitis Selection of Sires (Red Nose) P13 Parainfluenza type 3 Select bulls on basis of: BVD bovine virus diarrhea - quality (not price) Leptospirosis (3 way G.H.P.) - conformation Clostridial bacterin (4 way) - weight: birth, weaning, Blackleg and yearling - temperament Red water - dam's record (if plan to Black disease keep replacement External and internal parasites heifers) deworm calf's weaning weight pour on-for lice and grubs ratio within the Determine number of bulls needed: herd yearling bull: 10 to 20 cows calving interval 2-year-old bull: 20 to 30 cows udder soundness mature bull: 30 to 40 cows Select sires Fertility check bulls Have sires in good condition/provide exercise f Al., have ample semen on hand Cow Management and Health Procedures Vaccinations (at least 20 days before breeding Leptospirosis (3 way G.H.P.) Campylobacter (vibriosis) BVD (not pregnant cows) Clostridial bacterin (4 way) Blackleg Red water Black disease Hemophilus somnus External and internal parasites deworm pour on for lice and grubs Select breeding dates if synchronizing estrus Plan ahead Herd should be on an increased plane of nutrition to insure adequate conception 1. Table 1. Nutrient Requirements for Period (cows nursing calves) Weight (lbs.) Gain Digestible TDN Ca Phos Vit. A (lb/day) (lu/day) Cows 1, ,000 S Replacement 550 heifers (pre-breeding) j ,000

3 Suggested Goals to Be Achieved By the Cow-Calf Producer 90 to 95 percent calf crop. Healthy, normal-sized calves at birth. 365-day calving interval for each cow. Quality calves. 60-day calving season with a majority born during first 21 days. Minimum feed Costs. DECEMBER ANUARY FEBRUARY Heifer Breeding Season Use blls that are known to sire small calves Cow Breeding Season Remove Bulls Calf Management Procedures Remove Bulls F Al. - Brand Dehorn Castrate mplant with RALGRO Calves should be at least 8 weeks of age before vaccinating Vaccinations Clostridial bacterin (4 way) Blackleg Red water Black disease Leptospirosis (3 way G.H.P.) BR (Red Nose) -BVD -P13 Consider economics of creep feeding Check herd early morning and evening for signs of heat (estrus) Heat detection aids: - gomer bulls with chin-ball marker - hormone treated cows (androgens) - K-mar pads Check for cows returning to estrus f using estrus synchronization products, follow manufacturer's instructions Table 2. Nutrient Requirements for Period (breeding) Weight Gain Digestible TDN Ca Phos. Vit. A ( (lbs.) (lb/day) (lu/day) Cows 1, ,000 [ Breeding 650- heifers ,000

4 26.9 Table 3. Daily Nutrient Requirements for Bulls. Weight Gain Digestible TDN Ca (lbs.) (lb/day) (lu/day) , , , ,000 1, ,000 Phos. Vit. A MARCH APRL MAY Plan Forage Program Cow Management Procedures Plan Marketing Program for Calves Utilize pasture (grass) when appropriate Test soil Apply fertilizer if needed Analyze hay for nutrient content Potential Problems Pregnancy test cows (45 days after bulls are removed) Lice control Deworm Marketing alternatives: - special feeder sales - weekly auction markets private contract sale to cattle feeder private contract sale to feeder cattle dealer feed out calves yourself Keep current with present and future cattle markets. - Grass tetany (feed ample amounts of magnesium oxide) Bloat (feed poloxalene or other anti-bloat agent) Bull Management Procedure Feed bulls to proper flesh (don't get overfat) provide feedstuffs that promote growth rather than fattening Exercise is important - provide ample sized lots run two or more bulls together or with a few pregnant cows Calf Management Procedures Calf boosters (at least 30 days prior to weaning) Clostridial bacterin (4 way) B lack leg Red water Black disease BR - BVD P13 mplant with RALGRO (steers and non-replacement heifers) Deworm Update Beef Production Knowledge Attend Extension Service meetings and cattle days Read university publications Read beef production magazines and newspapers Table 4. Nutrient Requirements for Period (mid-third gestation period) Cows Weight Gain Digestible TON Ca Phos. Vit. A (lbs.) (lb/day) (lu/day) 1,000-1,050 Pregnant 725 heifers , ,000

5 Feeding and Management of Replacement Heifers Save 30 to 35 percent of the heifer calves each year to maintain cow herd size. Do not creep feed heifer calves while cows are on good pasture. - Avoid coarse, poor quality feedstuffs for heifers. For young heifer calves, the supplement should be an all-natural feed such as soybean meal or alfalfa cubes. - Feed heifers in groups according to size so that they will reach 60 to 65 percent of mature weight at breeding time. Feed replacement heifers separate from mature cows and steers. Under cold conditions, heifers need more feed energy to maintain body heat. Do not let heifers get overfat. - After calving, feed first calf heifers at increased levels to allow for growth, milk production, and rebreeding. - Heifers should weigh 80 to 85 percent of mature weight at calving. UNE Wean Calves ULY Allow calf to nurse as long as spring pasture lasts Calculate percent calf crop Calculate 205-day-adjusted weaning weight Pregnancy test cows if not done previously AUGUST Cow Management Procedures Vaccinate pregnant cows to prevent scours in newborn calves if this is a problem nject cows with selenium if in deficient area or provide a mineral supplement containing selenium Prepare calving facilities and equipment Cull Cows Open cows Smooth mouthed cows Cancer eye cows Cows weaning light calves Unthrifty cows Replacement Heifers Select on basis of: dam's record conformation weaning weight temperament - avoid freemartins select 30 to 50 percent more heifers than needed to allow for culling select heifers that will reach target weight at breeding British breeds: over 600 pounds Exotic breeds: over 700 pounds Vaccinate replacement heifers for Brucellosis Freeze brand for permanent individual identification purposes Ear tags should be large and readable Control Parasites Control flies with backrubbers dust bags spray insecticidal salt-mineral mix insecticidal ear tags Control pink eye reduce flies clip tall mature grasses inject antibiotics and steroids in each eyelid glue a patch Over animal's infected eye Table 5. Nutrient Requirements for Period (last 3rd gestation) Weight Gain Digestible TDN Ca Phos. Vit. A i (lbs.) (lb/day) (lu/day) Cows 1, ,000 Pregnant 850 heifers ,000

6 THE OSU EXTENSON AGRCULTURAL PROGRAM provides education, training, and technical assistance to people with agriculturally related needs and interests. Major program emphasis is on food and fiber production, farm business management, marketing and processing of agricultural products, and resource use and conservation. Evtension Service, Oregon State University. Corvallis, O.E. Smith, director. This publication was produced and distributed in furtherance ot the Acts ot Congress ot May 8 and une 30, Extension work is cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties. Oregon State University Extension Service otters educational programs, activities. and materials without regard to race, color, national origin, or sen as required by Title V at the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Title Xl of the Education Amendments of Oregon State University Eutension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. An expression of appreciation is due the nternational Minerals and Chemical Corporation for financial assistance in the printing of this publication. THS PUBLCATON was prepared by the Advanced Beef Management class, Department of Animal Science, Oregon State University under the direction of Dale W. Weber, Associate Professor, Department of Animal Science. Class members included: Michael Alley, Don Baum, Lori Bradshaw, Dale Coats, Michael Cook, Bruce Hopman, anet Houston, Taylor Hyde, Ed Lowry, eff McCormack, Linda Nathanson, Lora Prouty. Special appreciation is expressed to Dr. Michael Shires and Dr. Loren Appell, College of Veterinary Medicine; Ms. Carol Whipple, Elkton, OR; Mr. William McCormack, Prineville, OR; and Mr. Ric Hoyt, Burns, OR for their technical assistance; and to Ms. Deforas Martin for the manuscript preparation. To simplify information, trade names of products have been used. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not mentioned. anuary 1984