This is the written version of our Hot Topic video presentation available at: MayoMedicalLaboratories.com/hot-topics

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "This is the written version of our Hot Topic video presentation available at: MayoMedicalLaboratories.com/hot-topics"

Transcription

1 This is the written version of our Hot Topic video presentation available at: MayoMedicalLaboratories.com/hot-topics Welcome to Mayo Medical Laboratories Hot Topics. These presentations provide short discussion of current topics and may be helpful to you in your practice. Today our topic is serologic testing for the diagnosis and monitoring of some of the most common fungal infections in the United States. 1

2 Our speaker for this program is Dr. Elli Theel, Director of the Infectious Disease Serology Laboratory at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Theel, thank you for presenting today. Thank you. 2

3 I have nothing to disclose. 3

4 Serologic testing plays an important role in the diagnosis of some of the common fungal infectious agents in the United States, including Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides and Cryptococcus species. However, the decision of which fungal serologic test to order should be based on the patient s clinical presentation, their exposure history and risk factors for infection, all of which may differ between these fungal organisms. Serologic evaluation for all 4 of these agents simultaneously may lead to falsely positive results in low-risk patients. Therefore, in an effort to minimize inappropriate testing, as of March 2014 Mayo Medical Laboratories will no longer offer the Fungal Antibody Survey on serum and CSF specimens. Instead, fungal serologic testing will be available for each agent individually and as a panel for Histoplasma and Blastomyces due to the overlapping endemicity and similar clinical presentation of these 2 fungi. The focus of this hot topic will be to review the available serologic assays for these fungal agents and to discuss result interpretation. Identification and detection of these fungi by direct staining, culture, and molecular methods has been described in previous Hot Topics. 4

5 We will begin with Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is a dimorphic fungus that grows as a yeast at body temperature and as a filamentous mold at 25 degrees Celsius. Blastomyces is endemic throughout the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys in the US and encroaches into southern parts of Canada as well. The incidence of infection among these regions is low and the primary route of infection is through inhalation of fungal microconidia. While roughly half of those exposed will remain asymptomatic, patients may present with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including pulmonary flulike symptoms, disseminated disease, and more severe complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome. 5

6 Detection of antibodies to Blastomyces can be useful as an aid for the diagnosis of blastomycosis, alongside other laboratory methods and clinical evaluation. Mayo Medical Laboratories currently offers an FDA-cleared, qualitative enzyme immunoassay or EIA for detection of total antibodies to yeast phase Blastomyces antigens from serum and has also validated this assay for testing of cerebrospinal fluid. Compared to patients with culture-positive Blastomyces, this EIA has a sensitivity of approximately 85% in serum and therefore a negative EIA result cannot be used to definitively exclude the diagnosis of blastomycosis. If acute or pulmonary infection is suspected, a new specimen collected 2 to 3 weeks later should be submitted and tested. The specificity of the Blastomyces EIA is high and therefore samples positive by the EIA do not require further confirmatory testing. Finally, a distinct advantage of this assay, compared to more traditional techniques including immunodiffusion which we will discuss next, is its rapid turnaround time. 6

7 Mayo Medical Laboratories also offers the classic immunodiffusion assay for detection of precipitating antibodies to the Blastomyces A antigen, and similar to the Blastomyces EIA, results from the immunodiffusion assay should be used as an aid for the diagnosis of blastomcyosis. Briefly, immunodiffusion assays are performed by adding patient samples to wells in an agar plate which surround a central well that contains a purified fungal antigen, as shown in the image on this slide. During the incubation process, antibodies, if present in the patient sample, and antigen will diffuse out of their respective wells and an antigen-antibody complex will form between the wells and become visible between the wells, as indicated. The presence of a precipitation band is indicative of acute or active infection. Compared to the Blastomyces EIA, the performance characteristics of the ID assay are similar, likewise showing decreased sensitivity in patients with localized infection, and therefore, a single negative immunodiffusion result should not be used to exclude diagnosis. However, the immunodiffusion assay has a prolonged turnaround time compared to the EIA, and therefore we recommend ordering the Blastomyces EIA for routine evaluation of patients with suspected blastomycosis. 7

8 Histoplasma capsulatum, similar to Blastomyces, is a dimorphic fungus which is also endemic along the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, with infection occurring through inhalation of aerosolized Histoplasma microconidia. Clinically, the vast majority of primary infections are unrecognized or result in mild influenzalike symptoms for which medical attention is not sought out. In a small proportion of individuals however and particularly those who are at the extremes of age or who are immunosuppressed, exposure can lead to acute pulmonary disease characterized by a dry cough, fever, and fatigue and in some cases may progress to disseminated infection with extrapulmonary foci. 8

9 Detection of antibodies to Histoplasma provides additional laboratory evidence of disease when used alongside other laboratory findings and clinical presentation. All specimens submitted for anti-histoplasma antibody detection, are first screened by an EIA. Patients who are nonreactive by this assay may be considered as negative for histoplasmosis, unless their exposure was recent and early acute infection is suspected. In such cases, collection and submission of a new specimen in 2 to 3 weeks is recommended. Alternatively, all samples which are reactive or equivocal by the EIA are automatically reflexed for confirmatory testing by the Histoplasma immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays. It is important to remember that clinical decisions regarding histoplasmosis should not be based on reactive results from the EIA alone. The Histoplasma immunodiffusion assay utilizes 2 different antigens, the H and the M proteins, and we can therefore detect up to 2 different precipitating bands in the agar plate. Antibodies to the M antigen, appear shortly following exposure and can remain detectable by immunodiffusion for up to 3 years following disease resolution. Therefore, presence of the M band alone cannot be used to discriminate between acute or remote infection. On the other hand, the presence of an H band either alone or in combination with the M band is indicative of active or recent histoplasmosis. Importantly, a negative immunodiffusion result should not be used to exclude histoplasmosis as the specimen may have been collected early following exposure and prior to the development of detectable precipitating antibodies. 9

10 Alongside immunodiffusion, we also perform Histoplasma complement fixation testing. Briefly, complement fixation assays are based on the ability of antibodyantigen complexes, formed between antibodies present in the patient sample and added fungal antigens, to fix and inactivate exogenously added complement. Sensitized RBCs are added to this mix and since the complement pathway is inactivated, the red blood cells will remain intact and settle to the bottom of the well as a compact pellet, indicative of a positive reaction and the presence of specific antibodies. 10

11 In the absence of patient antibodies however, the added complement will remain active and lead to lysis of the sensitized red blood cells. Therefore, the presence of lysis is indicative of a negative reaction and the absence of specific antibodies. 11

12 The Histoplasma complement fixation assay is performed using 2 different Histoplasma antigens, one purified from the yeast phase and the second purified from the mycelial phase of growth. Serial dilution of patient samples, as shown in the image below, allows us to determine an endpoint titer which can be used to guide diagnosis. For either antigen, serially increasing titers or an endpoint titer greater than or equal to 1:32 is associated with the presence of active histoplasmosis. A titer of 1:8 or 1:16 is considered positive, but only presumptive evidence of infection and additional clinical correlation is necessary. Titers less than 1:8 are not considered to be significant and therefore are not reported. Importantly, low-level titers may be detected in individuals who reside in endemic areas and are otherwise healthy. Finally, declining complement fixation titers over months to years have been associated with disease resolution, but should not be used to monitor response to therapy. The complement fixation assay has a higher sensitivity for histoplasmosis as compared to immunodiffusion assays, particularly during early disease, however their specificity is lower and for this reason complement fixation and immunodiffusion are performed concurrently. Also these assays are fairly labor intensive with long incubation times which leads to an average turnaround time of 48 to 72 hours. 12

13 The final dimorphic fungus we will discuss today is Coccidioides which grows as a filamentous mold in the environment, but forms spherules and endospores in the host. Coccidioides is endemic throughout the southwestern United States and infection occurs through inhalation of aerosolized arthroconidia. In the United States, the incidence of medically significant Coccidioides infections is estimated to be approximately 150,000 individuals annually. Though many more people are exposed to the fungus, in up to 60% of them infection will be inapparent or sufficiently mild to not prompt clinical evaluation. Individuals who succumb to disease typically present with pulmonary symptoms, fever, and fatigue. 13

14 As with the other fungal agents, serologic testing for anti-coccidioides antibodies should be used as an aid to diagnose coccidioidomycosis. Similar to the testing process for anti-histoplasma antibodies, specimens submitted for detection of antibodies to Coccidioides are first screened by an enzyme immunoassay. Patients who are nonreactive by the EIA may be considered as negative for coccidioidomycoses, unless patient exposure was recent and early infection is suspected. In such cases, collection and submission of a new specimen in 2-3 weeks is recommended. Alternately, all samples which are reactive by the EIA are automatically reflexed for confirmatory testing by the Coccidioides immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays. Again, it is important to remember that clinical decisions regarding coccidioidomycosis should not be based on a reactive EIA alone. The Coccidioides immunodiffusion assay detects IgM- and IgG-class antibodies separately, using 2 different purified antigens. Following infection, IgM antibodies develop to the TP antigen and are detectable within 3 weeks of symptom onset in over 80% of infected individuals. IgM-class antibodies will subsequently decline over the next 6 to 7 months following disease resolution. IgG-class antibodies to Coccidioidies develop to the CF antigen, are detectable 3 to 5 weeks following infection and remain detectable following the disappearance of IgM-class antibodies. 14

15 The complement fixation assay for Coccidioides uses antigens derived from a culture filtrate of the organism and similar to the other fungi, endpoint titers can be indicative of disease progression. Specifically, titers of 1:2 to 1:8 are indicative of either prior exposure or acute, focal infection. Discrimination between these 2 clinical entities requires correlation with clinical presentation and other laboratory findings. Additionally, submission of a convalescent sample is recommended as a 4- fold or greater rise in titers between acute and convalescent sera would be indicative of active disease. Traditionally, complement fixation titers greater than or equal to 1:16 have been associated with more severe disease manifestations. Finally however, single time point negative immunodiffusion or complement fixation results should not be used to exclude infection as specimens may have been collected prior to the development of detectable antibodies. 15

16 Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are encapsulated yeast which are transmitted following environmental aerosolization and inhalation. Epidemiologically, Cryptococcus neoformans can be isolated throughout the United States, whereas Cryptococcus gattii is primarily isolated from states along the pacific coast and more recently has been reported to be endemic to the southeastern United States. Both of these agents are primarily found in the lungs and have a tropism for the central nervous system. Interestingly though, while Cryptococcus neoformans is considered primarily an opportunistic pathogen among immunocompromised hosts, Cryptococcus gattii is commonly associated with infection in otherwise healthy individuals and has a higher predilection for the central nervous system. While the incidence of cryptococcosis as a whole is low, immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of infection and severe disease. 16

17 Detection of the Cryptococcus polysaccharide antigen can be used as definitive laboratory based evidence of infection. Prior to March of 2014, Mayo Medical Laboratories used a latex agglutination assay to detect this antigen in both serum and CSF specimens. As of then however, MML has transitioned to using a new lateral flow immunoassay or LFA to detect the cryptococcal antigen. 17

18 The LFA is a dip-stick based method and FDA-cleared for use in both serum and CSF specimens. This assay offers increased sensitivity for detection of both Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii compared to the previous latex agglutination assay and will be used as both a screen and to determine an endpoint titer. It is important to understand however, that endpoint titers between the LFA and latex agglutination assays do not correlate and are not interchangeable. We and others have found that endpoint titers acquired by the LFA are often much higher than those acquired on the same sample by the latex agglutination assay. Therefore, for patients who are being monitored for disease regression by the Cryptococcus antigen test, the same method, either LFA or LA must be used on serial samples. In order to help providers transition to the new LFA method, MML will report both the LFA and latex titers for a 3-month period following implementation of the LFA. The latex titer will be performed and reported at no charge to the patient. 18

19 The following 3 slides are a summary of the available and preferred fungal serologic tests performed at Mayo Medical Laboratories and are included for your reference. 19

20 Finally, to conclude, the College of American Pathologists, recently recommended that all CSF specimens submitted for initial diagnostic testing and which are positive by the Cryptococcus antigen assay, must also be submitted for routine fungal culture. CSF specimens submitted for repeat or serial cryptococcal antigen testing do not need to be cultured. To comply with this requirement, MML will offer 3 different test codes for Cryptococcus antigen testing from CSF. First, the LFACX test should be ordered if the specimen is submitted for initial diagnostic purposes and the referring laboratory does not perform routine fungal culture on CSF. If the CSF is positive for cryptococcal antigen in this case, the sample will be reflexed to fungal culture and for determination of an endpoint titer. Alternatively, if the specimen is submitted for initial diagnostic purposes and the referral laboratory performs fungal culture on site, test code CLFA should be requested. In this case, Cryptococcus antigen-positive CSF specimens will be reflexed to titer only. Finally, for CSF specimens submitted to monitor antigen levels, the CLFAT test code should be ordered which will determine an endpoint titer only. 20

21 Thank you. 21

22 22

Some Immunological Test. Presented by Alaa Faeiz Ashwaaq Dyaa Aseel Abd AL-Razaq Supervised by D.Feras

Some Immunological Test. Presented by Alaa Faeiz Ashwaaq Dyaa Aseel Abd AL-Razaq Supervised by D.Feras Some Immunological Test Presented by Alaa Faeiz Ashwaaq Dyaa Aseel Abd AL-Razaq Supervised by D.Feras Alaa Faeiz Antigen -Antibody Reactions. Antigen antibody reactions are performed to determine the presence

More information

Topic: Serological reactions: the purpose and a principle of reactions. Agglutination test. Precipitation test. CFT, IFT, ELISA, RIA.

Topic: Serological reactions: the purpose and a principle of reactions. Agglutination test. Precipitation test. CFT, IFT, ELISA, RIA. Topic: Serological reactions: the purpose and a principle of reactions. Agglutination test. Precipitation test. CFT, IFT, ELISA, RIA. Serology is the study and use of immunological tests to diagnose and

More information

Zika Virus. Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP Richard Vial Professor Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases

Zika Virus. Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP Richard Vial Professor Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases Zika Virus Fred A. Lopez, MD, MACP Richard Vial Professor Department of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases What is the incubation period for Zika virus infection? Unknown but likely to be several

More information

Basic Immunologic Procedures. Complex Serological Tests

Basic Immunologic Procedures. Complex Serological Tests Basic Immunologic Procedures Complex Serological Tests Amal Alghamdi 2014-2015 1 Classification of antigen-antibody interactions: 1. Primary serological tests: (Marker techniques) e.g. Enzyme linked immuonosorben

More information

Lyme (IgG and IgM) Antibody Confirmation

Lyme (IgG and IgM) Antibody Confirmation Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Lyme (IgG and IgM) Antibody Confirmation TEST UPDATE: New Test Notification Date: 1/9/2013 Effective Date: 1/7/2013 CONTACT INFO Call 802-847-5121 800-991-2799 email labmarketing@vtmednet.org

More information

Cold Agglutination Titer detecting Cold Reacting Antibodies

Cold Agglutination Titer detecting Cold Reacting Antibodies Objectives: Cold Agglutination Titer detecting Cold Reacting Antibodies 1. Perform a serial dilution to determine the amount of cold reacting antibody present in a patient specimen with the results obtained

More information

Algorithm for detecting Zika virus (ZIKV) 1

Algorithm for detecting Zika virus (ZIKV) 1 Algorithm for detecting Zika virus (ZIKV) 1 This algorithm is addressed to laboratories with established capacity (molecular, antigenic and/or serological) to detect dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) 2, and chikungunya

More information

4A. Types of Laboratory Tests Available and Specimens Required. Three main types of laboratory tests are used for diagnosing CHIK: virus

4A. Types of Laboratory Tests Available and Specimens Required. Three main types of laboratory tests are used for diagnosing CHIK: virus 4. LABORATORY 4A. Types of Laboratory Tests Available and Specimens Required Three main types of laboratory tests are used for diagnosing CHIK: virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

More information

Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D infections

Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D infections Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D infections Acute infection Detection of HBsAg in serum is a fundamental diagnostic marker of HBV infection HBsAg shows a strong correlation with HBV replication

More information

What is HIV? What is AIDS? The HIV pandemic HIV transmission Window period Stages of HIV infection

What is HIV? What is AIDS? The HIV pandemic HIV transmission Window period Stages of HIV infection Module 1 Overview of HIV Infection Purpose Pre-requisite Modules Learning Objectives To provide you with the basic terms and concepts related to HIV infection. None At the end of this module, you will

More information

Borrelia burgdorferi IgG, IgM Fully automated chemiluminescence assays for quantitative determination of Borrelia antibodies in serum and CSF

Borrelia burgdorferi IgG, IgM Fully automated chemiluminescence assays for quantitative determination of Borrelia antibodies in serum and CSF Borrelia burgdorferi IgG, IgM Fully automated chemiluminescence assays for quantitative determination of Borrelia antibodies in serum and FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY Borrelia burgdorferi IgG, IgM

More information

Direct Testing Systems and Serology

Direct Testing Systems and Serology Direct Testing Systems and Serology Rapid Manual Tests 6-2 Serology Diagnostics 6-6 BD Diagnostics Diagnostic Systems Catalog 2005/2006 6-1 Rapid Manual Tests Meningitis Test Systems 252360 Directigen

More information

Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology

Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology 1. Vaccinations 2. Monoclonal vs Polyclonal Ab 3. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Vaccinations What is Vaccination? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing

More information

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: Verotoxin-producing E. coli infection indicator conditions, including Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

More information

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: West Nile Virus Illness Revised December 2014 West Nile Virus Illness 1.0 Provincial Reporting Confirmed

More information

Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan for Low Risk Dental Offices

Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan for Low Risk Dental Offices Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan for Low Risk Dental Offices A. BACKGROUND According to the CDC, approximately one-third of the world s population, almost two billion people, are infected with tuberculosis.

More information

Clinical description 2 Laboratory test for diagnosis 3. Incubation period 4 Mode of transmission 4 Period of communicability 4

Clinical description 2 Laboratory test for diagnosis 3. Incubation period 4 Mode of transmission 4 Period of communicability 4 Tuberculosis Contents Epidemiology in New Zealand 2 Case definition 2 Clinical description 2 Laboratory test for diagnosis 3 Case classification 3 Spread of infection 4 Incubation period 4 Mode of transmission

More information

Objectives. Immunologic Methods. Objectives. Immunology vs. Serology. Cross Reactivity. Sensitivity and Specificity. Definitions

Objectives. Immunologic Methods. Objectives. Immunology vs. Serology. Cross Reactivity. Sensitivity and Specificity. Definitions Immunologic Methods Part One Definitions Part Two Antigen-Antibody Reactions CLS 420 Clinical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics Kathy Trudell MLS (ASCP) CM SBB CM ktrudell@nebraskamed.com Discuss the

More information

Diagnosis and Treatment Regimes for Syphilis By Dr John Bannister

Diagnosis and Treatment Regimes for Syphilis By Dr John Bannister Diagnosis and Treatment Regimes for Syphilis By Dr John Bannister Syphilis: Serological Testing Introduction In an ideal world a practitioner would have assessed a patient s medical history with regards

More information

AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS

AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS AIR FORCE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS An Air Force addendum to the TRI-SERVICE REPORTABLE EVENTS GUIDELINES & CASE DEFINITIONS Prepared by: Air Force Institute for Operational Health

More information

Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG AB (13 Serotypes), MAID... 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae IgG AB (13 Serotypes), MAID... 7 Volume 12 December 2011 Table of Contents Summary of Test Changes... 3 Test Changes... 6 Human Anti-Mouse AB (HAMA), ELISA... 6 Hepatitis E Antibody (IgG, IgM)... 6 Hepatitis E Antibody (IgG)... 6 Hepatitis

More information

510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY

510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY A. 510(k) Number: K092353 510(k) SUBSTANTIAL EQUIVALENCE DETERMINATION DECISION SUMMARY B. Purpose for Submission: This is a new 510k application for a new indication for the MONOLISA Anti-HAV IgM EIA

More information

Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers: Interpreting Results from the Aptima Zika Virus Assay. June 17, 2016

Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers: Interpreting Results from the Aptima Zika Virus Assay. June 17, 2016 Dear Health Care Provider: Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers: Interpreting Results from the Aptima Zika Virus Assay June 17, 2016 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued an Emergency

More information

Suggested Reporting Language for the HIV Laboratory Diagnostic Testing Algorithm

Suggested Reporting Language for the HIV Laboratory Diagnostic Testing Algorithm Suggested Reporting Language for the HIV Laboratory Diagnostic Testing Algorithm November 2013 Introduction In March 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Public

More information

PERTUSSIS SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE PROTOCOL

PERTUSSIS SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE PROTOCOL PERTUSSIS SURVEILLANCE AND RESPONSE PROTOCOL Public Health Action 1. Educate the public, particularly parents of infants, about the dangers of whooping cough and the advantages of initiating immunization

More information

PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2015 PAHAN 307 04-02-ADV Pertussis in Centre County

PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2015 PAHAN 307 04-02-ADV Pertussis in Centre County PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 2015 PAHAN 307 04-02-ADV Pertussis in Centre County DATE: 04/02/2015 TO: Health Alert Network FROM: Karen M. Murphy, PhD, RN, Acting Secretary of Health SUBJECT: DISTRIBUTION:

More information

Nurse Aide Training Program Application Checklist

Nurse Aide Training Program Application Checklist Nurse Aide Training Program Application Checklist The following checklist must be completed before enrolling in the Nurse Aide Training course: Complete, sign, and date the Application Form Have the physical

More information

Cytomegalovirus (HHV5/CMV) Roseolovirus (HHV6 & 7)

Cytomegalovirus (HHV5/CMV) Roseolovirus (HHV6 & 7) Betaherpesvirinae Cytomegalovirus (HHV5/CMV) Roseolovirus (HHV6 & 7) CYTOMEGALOVIRUS CMV is thought to be amongst the oldest type of herpesvirus in evolutionary terms. CMV is the prototype of beta-herpesviruses

More information

INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET

INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET Creative Testing Solutions 2424 West Erie Dr. 2205 Highway 121 10100 Martin Luther King Jr. St. No. Tempe, AZ 85282 Bedford, TX 76021 St. Petersburg, FL 33716 INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET Human Immunodeficiency

More information

BRUCELLOSIS. Other animals, including wildlife, may provide a reservoir for brucellae.

BRUCELLOSIS. Other animals, including wildlife, may provide a reservoir for brucellae. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section Office of Public Health, Louisiana Dept of Health & Hospitals 800-256-2748 (24 hr number) (504) 219-4563 www.infectiousdisease.dhh.louisiana.gov BRUCELLOSIS Revised

More information

LAB 1 - Direct agglutination. Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen

LAB 1 - Direct agglutination. Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen LAB 1 - Direct agglutination Serology-the study of the in vitro reactions between antibody and antigen Serological reaction: - quantitative (weight/volume) - qualitative Agglutination - the aggregation

More information

Guidelines for TB Blood Testing. Minnesota Department of Health TB Prevention and Control Program June 2011

Guidelines for TB Blood Testing. Minnesota Department of Health TB Prevention and Control Program June 2011 Guidelines for TB Blood Testing Minnesota Department of Health TB Prevention and Control Program June 2011 Outline Interferon-Gamma Release Assays aka TB blood tests 1. What are they? 2. What are the current

More information

Diagnosing arbovirus infections (and Bill s holiday snaps) David W Smith Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases PathCentre

Diagnosing arbovirus infections (and Bill s holiday snaps) David W Smith Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases PathCentre Diagnosing arbovirus infections (and Bill s holiday snaps) David W Smith Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases PathCentre Arboviral illnesses relevant to Australia Polyarthralgia Fever and rash

More information

1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with animal A) Antibodies. B) Red blood cells. C) Transferrin. D) White blood cells. E) Receptors.

1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with animal A) Antibodies. B) Red blood cells. C) Transferrin. D) White blood cells. E) Receptors. Prof. Lester s BIOL 210 Practice Exam 4 (There is no answer key. Please do not email or ask me for answers.) Chapters 15, 16, 17, 19, HIV/AIDS, TB, Quorum Sensing 1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins

More information

SOGC recommendation on ZIKA virus exposure for clinicians caring for pregnant women and those who intend to get pregnant

SOGC recommendation on ZIKA virus exposure for clinicians caring for pregnant women and those who intend to get pregnant SOGC recommendation on ZIKA virus exposure for clinicians caring for pregnant women and those who intend to get pregnant Foreword The rapid emergence of Zika virus as a potential causative agent for fetal

More information

Antigens & Antibodies II. Polyclonal antibodies vs Monoclonal antibodies

Antigens & Antibodies II. Polyclonal antibodies vs Monoclonal antibodies A Brief Review of Antibody Structure A Brief Review of Antibody Structure The basic antibody is a dimer of dimer (2 heavy chain-light chain pairs) composed of repeats of a single structural unit known

More information

Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics

Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics The Biotechnology Education Company Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics EDVO-Kit 141 Store entire experiment at room temperature. EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVE: The objective of this experiment is to learn and understand

More information

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) Exercise 8 Exercise 9 Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) Elution Study Task Aim Introduction To perform the DAT and elution procedure with correct interpretation of results. To perform with 100% accuracy the

More information

ALS and Lyme Disease Questions from Patient and Families Responses from Medical Experts

ALS and Lyme Disease Questions from Patient and Families Responses from Medical Experts ALS and Lyme Disease Questions from Patient and Families Responses from Medical Experts Introduction: When anyone receives a diagnosis of ALS, it is normal and understandable to ask why you ve developed

More information

NovaLisa (ZVM0790) Performance Characteristics

NovaLisa (ZVM0790) Performance Characteristics NovaLisa Zika Virus IgM µ-capture ELISA (ZVM0790) Performance Characteristics Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 2 Intended Use... 4 3 Principle of the Assay... 4 4 Performance Characteristics... 4

More information

Veterinary Testing. Classes of Test

Veterinary Testing. Classes of Test Veterinary Testing Classes of Test July 2014 Copyright National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia 2014 This publication is protected by copyright under the Commonwealth of Australia Copyright

More information

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Co-Infection: Epidemiology and Public Health Challenges

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Co-Infection: Epidemiology and Public Health Challenges Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Co-Infection: Epidemiology and Public Health Challenges John B. Kaneene, DVM, MPH, PhD University Distinguished Professor of Epidemiology Director, Center for Comparative Epidemiology

More information

The Immune System and Disease

The Immune System and Disease Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1029 1033) This section describes the causes of disease and explains how infectious diseases are transmitted Introduction

More information

Syphilis Fast latex Agglutination Test: A Rapid Confirmatory Test for Syphilis

Syphilis Fast latex Agglutination Test: A Rapid Confirmatory Test for Syphilis Syphilis Fast latex Agglutination Test: A Rapid Confirmatory Test for Syphilis Martha B. Fears and Victoria Pope* Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases,

More information

Serotyping Techniques

Serotyping Techniques Serotyping Techniques Thomas A. Kruzel, M.T., N. D. Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences ABO Blood Groups Blood Group RBC Antigens Serum Antibodies Percentage O none Anti A & B

More information

Standardization and Evaluation of IgA and IgM Gel Column Agglutination for Direct Antiglobulin Testing

Standardization and Evaluation of IgA and IgM Gel Column Agglutination for Direct Antiglobulin Testing Standardization and Evaluation of IgA and IgM Gel Column Agglutination for Direct Antiglobulin Testing ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is commonly confirmed with a positive

More information

Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions

Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions I. Strength of Ag-Ab interactions A. Antibody Affinity - strength of total noncovalent interactions between single Ag-binding site on an Ab and a single epitope

More information

Chapter 3. Immunity and how vaccines work

Chapter 3. Immunity and how vaccines work Chapter 3 Immunity and how vaccines work 3.1 Objectives: To understand and describe the immune system and how vaccines produce immunity To understand the differences between Passive and Active immunity

More information

Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection. Estelle Piwowar-Manning HPTN Central Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University

Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection. Estelle Piwowar-Manning HPTN Central Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University Diagnosis of HIV-1 Infection Estelle Piwowar-Manning HPTN Central Laboratory The Johns Hopkins University Tests Used to Diagnose HIV-1 Infection HIV antibody (today s topic) HIV p24 antigen HIV DNA HIV

More information

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: Hepatitis B Revised Hepatitis B 1.0 Provincial Reporting Confirmed, chronic and probable cases of disease

More information

MYCOLOGY PARASITOLOGY RHEUMATOID FACTORS VIROLOGY SAMPLE COLLECTION

MYCOLOGY PARASITOLOGY RHEUMATOID FACTORS VIROLOGY SAMPLE COLLECTION C A T A L O G U E C L I N I C A L D I A G N O S T I C S couv BACTERIOLOGYOGY MYCOLOGY PARASITOLOGY RHEUMATOID FACTORS VIROLOGY SAMPLE COLLECTION couv EXPORT DEPARTMENT Orders, technical and commercial

More information

Guidelines for Collection and Transport of Specimen for Laboratory Diagnosis of Pathogenic Leptospira spp.

Guidelines for Collection and Transport of Specimen for Laboratory Diagnosis of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Document: Introduction: Guidelines for Collection and Transport of Specimen for Laboratory Diagnosis of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Leptospirosis is an acute bacterial infection caused by organism belonging

More information

Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE)

Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Saint Louis Encephalitis is a Class B Disease and must be reported to the state within one business day. St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE), a flavivirus, was first recognized

More information

Viral Hepatitis. 2009 APHL survey report

Viral Hepatitis. 2009 APHL survey report Issues in Brief: viral hepatitis testing Association of Public Health Laboratories May Viral Hepatitis Testing 9 APHL survey report In order to characterize the role that the nation s public health laboratories

More information

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT)

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) Exercise 8 Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) Objectives: 1. State the purpose for performing the DAT. 2. State what a positive DAT indicates. 3. List the reagents which are used for performing the DAT. 4.

More information

Hepatitis and Retrovirus. LIAISON XL Accurate detection of HIV infection. HIV Ab/Ag FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY

Hepatitis and Retrovirus. LIAISON XL Accurate detection of HIV infection. HIV Ab/Ag FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY Hepatitis and Retrovirus LIAISON XL Accurate detection of HIV infection HIV Ab/Ag FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY LIAISON XL HIV Ab/Ag is Your solution LIAISON XL murex HIV Ab/Ag main features The LIAISON

More information

Immunity and how vaccines work

Immunity and how vaccines work 1 Introduction Immunity is the ability of the human body to protect itself from infectious disease. The defence mechanisms of the body are complex and include innate (non-specific, non-adaptive) mechanisms

More information

Second Edition. Literature Review. Human Parvovirus B19. www.biotrin.com

Second Edition. Literature Review. Human Parvovirus B19. www.biotrin.com Second Edition Literature Review Human Parvovirus B19 www.biotrin.com Treatment of Parvovirus B19-Associated Polyarteritis Nodosa with Intravenous Immune Globulin. Viguier M., Guillevin L., Laroche L.

More information

Lyme Disease in 2013: Lessons Learned in Diagnosis

Lyme Disease in 2013: Lessons Learned in Diagnosis Lyme Disease in 2013: Lessons Learned in Diagnosis John N. Aucott, M.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Lyme Disease Research Foundation Park Medical,

More information

Testing for Tick Borne Diseases: How and When?

Testing for Tick Borne Diseases: How and When? Testing for Tick Borne Diseases: How and When? Rick Alleman, DVM, PhD University of Florida C. Guillermo Couto, DVM The Ohio State University Tick borne diseases (TBDs) used to be quite common in Greyhounds,

More information

How Does a Doctor Test for AIDS?

How Does a Doctor Test for AIDS? Edvo-Kit #S-70 How Does a Doctor Test for AIDS? S-70 Experiment Objective: The Human Immunodefi ciency Virus (HIV) is an infectious agent that causes Acquired Immunodefi ciency Syndrome (AIDS) in humans.

More information

Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE)

Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Encephalitis, SLE Annual Report 24 Saint Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Saint Louis Encephalitis is a Class B Disease and must be reported to the state within one business day. St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE),

More information

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy. Chapter 7

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy. Chapter 7 Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy Chapter 7 An unborn baby makes no IgG (antibody) and only slowly starts producing it after birth. However, starting at about the sixth month of pregnancy, the

More information

Chapter 6. Antigen-Antibody Properties 10/3/2012. Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications. Precipitin reactions

Chapter 6. Antigen-Antibody Properties 10/3/2012. Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications. Precipitin reactions Chapter 6 Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications Antigen-Antibody Properties You must remember antibody affinity (single) VS avidity (multiple) High affinity: bound tightly and longer!

More information

A P P E N D I X SAMPLE FORMS

A P P E N D I X SAMPLE FORMS A P P E N D I X A SAMPLE FORMS Authorization for Disclosure Consent for HBV/HCV Antigens, HIV Antibody Documentation of Staff Education Employees Eligible for Hepatitis-B Vaccination Hepatitis-A Consent

More information

EVALUATION OF DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY, ISOLATION AND MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS

EVALUATION OF DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY, ISOLATION AND MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS Page85 Research Article Biological Sciences EVALUATION OF DARK FIELD MICROSCOPY, ISOLATION AND MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS S. Vamshi Krishna *, Siju Joseph,

More information

Mycoplasma Testing Products & Services. M-175 CELLshipper Mycoplasma Detection Kit (In-house sample preparation and slide fixation)

Mycoplasma Testing Products & Services. M-175 CELLshipper Mycoplasma Detection Kit (In-house sample preparation and slide fixation) Cell Culture Testing M-1500 Real-Time PCR with Broth Enrichment A specific and sensitive method for the detection of mycoplasma using Real-Time PCR coupled with a pre-enrichment procedure to enhance method

More information

Measles (Rubeola) IgM ELISA Catalog No. CB40-101-325099 (96 Tests)

Measles (Rubeola) IgM ELISA Catalog No. CB40-101-325099 (96 Tests) For Research Use Only. Not for use in Diagnostic Procedures. INTENDED USE Measles test is an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG class antibodies to Measles (Rubeola) in

More information

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serological Diagnosis of Epstein Barr Virus. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)

Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serological Diagnosis of Epstein Barr Virus. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Serological Diagnosis of Epstein Barr Virus L Ross Whybin SEALS Serology Epstein Barr Virus () Family Herpesviridiae,, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae,, genus lymphocryptovirus ds DNA enveloped virus Nucleocapsid

More information

LIAISON XL HBsAg Quant

LIAISON XL HBsAg Quant Hepatitis and Retrovirus LIAISON XL HBsAg Quant Reliable detection of HBsAg mutants and genotypes for accurate differential diagnosis of the stage of infection FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY LIAISON

More information

This is not a valid request for information in accordance with the FOI Act as it does not ask for information held by PHE.

This is not a valid request for information in accordance with the FOI Act as it does not ask for information held by PHE. By email Public Accountability Unit Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG Tel: 020 8327 6920 www.gov.uk/phe Veronica Hughes request-313568-e1ecf364@whatdotheyknow.com Our ref: 01/02/jb/551

More information

LIAISON XL HCV Ab Accurate diagnosis of the early stage of HCV infection

LIAISON XL HCV Ab Accurate diagnosis of the early stage of HCV infection Hepatitis and Retrovirus LIAISON XL HCV Ab Accurate diagnosis of the early stage of HCV infection FOR OUTSIDE THE US AND CANADA ONLY LIAISON XL HCV Ab is Your solution LIAISON XL murex HCV Ab main features

More information

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: Tuberculosis Revised August 2015 Tuberculosis 1.0 Provincial Reporting Confirmed and suspect cases

More information

CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh

CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh The success of human blood transfusions requires compatibility for the two major blood group antigen systems, namely ABO and Rh. The ABO system is defined by two red

More information

JOINT COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR. 2nd Edition

JOINT COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR. 2nd Edition JOINT COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION STANDARDS FOR CliniCAl laboratories 2nd Edition Effective 1 April 2010 International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) Goals The following is a list of all goals.

More information

Types of HIV test. Antigen - Any substance (such as an immunogen or a hapten) foreign to the body that stimulates an immune system response.

Types of HIV test. Antigen - Any substance (such as an immunogen or a hapten) foreign to the body that stimulates an immune system response. Types of HIV test There are two basic categories of HIV test 4 th generation and 3 rd generation. Each individual test differs as to what it tests (whether antibodies and/or p24 antigens), how it tests

More information

HiPer Blood Grouping Teaching Kit

HiPer Blood Grouping Teaching Kit HiPer Blood Grouping Teaching Kit Product Code: HTI008 Number of experiments that can be performed: 100 Duration of Experiment: Protocol: 15 minutes Storage Instructions: The kit is stable for 6 months

More information

VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZ) VIRUS, CHICKENPOX & SHINGLES GUIDANCE

VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZ) VIRUS, CHICKENPOX & SHINGLES GUIDANCE VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZ) VIRUS, CHICKENPOX & SHINGLES GUIDANCE Summary This guidance provides background information on varicella zoster (VZ), chickenpox and shingles and sets out the infection control measures

More information

What is an IGRA? What is an IGRA? Are they available here? How do I use them? Learning Objectives

What is an IGRA? What is an IGRA? Are they available here? How do I use them? Learning Objectives What is an IGRA? Are they available here? How do I use them? Debbie Staley, RN, MPH TB Nurse Consultant VDH Division of Disease Prevention TB Control Program Learning Objectives Participants will be able

More information

UCSF Communicable Disease Surveillance and Vaccination Policy

UCSF Communicable Disease Surveillance and Vaccination Policy Office of Origin: Occupational Health Program I. PURPOSE To provide a sustainable, healthy and safe working environment for UCSF research laboratory staff, and animal research care staff and to prevent

More information

QUICK REFERENCE TO BLOOD BANK TESTING

QUICK REFERENCE TO BLOOD BANK TESTING QUICK REFERENCE TO BLOOD BANK TESTING All Blood bank Tests are performed on demand 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Feto/Maternal Bleed Quantitation estimates will be available within 4 hours of blood bank

More information

Infection IV Fungal Infections

Infection IV Fungal Infections Carey Z. August, M.D. UIC College of Medicine Attending Pathologist, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical M2 Pathology Course Center Lecture #39 Clinical Assistant Professor of Pathology, UIC Wednesday, October

More information

TUBERCULOSIS PLEURAL EFFUSION - MANAGEMENT

TUBERCULOSIS PLEURAL EFFUSION - MANAGEMENT TUBERCULOSIS PLEURAL EFFUSION - MANAGEMENT Introduction : ETB 15-20% Pleural effusion 20% in non HIV Under reporting because of AFB negative in fluid In HIV patients: EPTB 20% PTB + EPTB 50% Pleural Effusion

More information

WHO Prequalification of Diagnostics Programme PUBLIC REPORT. Product: Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab Number: PQDx 0096-031-00. Abstract

WHO Prequalification of Diagnostics Programme PUBLIC REPORT. Product: Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab Number: PQDx 0096-031-00. Abstract WHO Prequalification of Diagnostics Programme PUBLIC REPORT Product: Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab Number: PQDx 0096-031-00 Abstract Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab with product codes 72386 and 72388, manufactured

More information

Gail Bennett, RN, MSN, CIC

Gail Bennett, RN, MSN, CIC Gail Bennett, RN, MSN, CIC The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time Cases above your usual endemic rate

More information

LYME DISEASE. 2.5M specimen tests per year. 97% accuracy with Rockland tools

LYME DISEASE. 2.5M specimen tests per year. 97% accuracy with Rockland tools LYME DISEASE The current situation & our solutions Lateral Flow Data Proof of Concept Studies Core Technology Sequence Analysis & Protein Expression The most common vector-borne illness in the United States

More information

Illinois Influenza Surveillance Report

Illinois Influenza Surveillance Report ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH Illinois Influenza Surveillance Report Week 8: Week Ending Saturday, February 25, 2012 Division of Infectious Diseases Immunizations Section 3/5/2012 1 Please note

More information

3. Blood and blood products such as serum, plasma, and other blood components.

3. Blood and blood products such as serum, plasma, and other blood components. Mississippi Downloaded 01/2011 101.11 Infectious Medical Waste. The term "infectious medical waste" includes solid or liquid wastes which may contain pathogens with sufficient virulence and quantity such

More information

HPA National Measles Guidelines Local & Regional Services

HPA National Measles Guidelines Local & Regional Services HPA National Measles Guidelines Local & Regional Services Version 1.2: 28 th October 2010 1 Table of Contents Title: Page No: 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. RATIONALE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH ACTION...3 3. SURVEILLANCE

More information

Paediatrica Indonesiana. Limitations of the Indonesian Pediatric Tuberculosis Scoring System in the context of child contact investigation

Paediatrica Indonesiana. Limitations of the Indonesian Pediatric Tuberculosis Scoring System in the context of child contact investigation Paediatrica Indonesiana VOLUME 51 November NUMBER 6 Original Article Limitations of the Indonesian Pediatric Tuberculosis Scoring System in the context of child contact investigation Rina Triasih 1,2,

More information

Toxoplasma gondii IgM ELISA Kit Protocol

Toxoplasma gondii IgM ELISA Kit Protocol Toxoplasma gondii IgM ELISA Kit Protocol (Cat. No.:EK-310-87) 330 Beach Road, Burlingame CA Tel: 650-558-8898 Fax: 650-558-1686 E-Mail: info@phoenixpeptide.com www.phoenixpeptide.com Toxoplasma IgM ELISA

More information

Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy

Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy Information Pack Parvovirus B19 Infection in Pregnancy Information Booklet CONTENTS: THE VIRUS page 3 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS page 6 DIAGNOSIS page 8 PATIENT MANAGEMENT

More information

Summary and Conclusions

Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions SUMMARY In children, the most vulnerable group of populatton, the problem of pneumonla IS Immense In terms of morbtd~ty and mortality. Worldwide, around 5 million children younger

More information

Maria Dalbey RN. BSN, MA, MBA March 17 th, 2015

Maria Dalbey RN. BSN, MA, MBA March 17 th, 2015 Maria Dalbey RN. BSN, MA, MBA March 17 th, 2015 2 Objectives Participants will be able to : Understand the Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB) Identify the Goals of Public Health for TB Identify Hierarchy

More information

(EMEA/CHMP/BWP/298390/2005)

(EMEA/CHMP/BWP/298390/2005) 9 February 2006 Reference: EMEA 06004 PPTA s comments on the proposed Guidelines on Validation of immunoassays for the detection of Hepatitis B Virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (EMEA/CHMP/BWP/298390/2005)

More information

CHAPTER 13. Quality Control/Quality Assurance

CHAPTER 13. Quality Control/Quality Assurance CHAPTER 13 Quality Control/Quality Assurance Quality Control/Quality Assurance (QC/QA) can be defined as the set of planned and systematic activities focused on providing confidence that quality requirements

More information

COPD and Asthma Differential Diagnosis

COPD and Asthma Differential Diagnosis COPD and Asthma Differential Diagnosis Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in America. Learning Objectives Use tools to effectively diagnose chronic obstructive

More information

Bird and bat droppings

Bird and bat droppings Bird and bat droppings Introduction While the hazards of bird and bat droppings are generally exaggerated, there is some risk of disease wherever there are large populations of roosting birds or bats.

More information

Immunization Information for Blinn College Students

Immunization Information for Blinn College Students 1 Immunization Information for Blinn College Students *Important Information Regarding the Bacterial Meningitis Vaccine* The State passed Senate Bill 1107 in 2011 and recently Senate Bill 62 in 2013, which

More information

CHU Liège (Belgium) Medical Microbiology Dr P. HUYNEN SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN 2006 AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

CHU Liège (Belgium) Medical Microbiology Dr P. HUYNEN SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN 2006 AND FUTURE PROSPECTS CHU Liège (Belgium) Medical Microbiology Dr P. HUYNEN SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN 2006 AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Introduction From specimen collection to result Pre- analytic Analytic Post- analytic: - CMV - Influenza

More information