Basic and advanced current references

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Basic and advanced current references"

Transcription

1 Basic and advancd currnt rfrncs Afshin Haft-Baradaran Univrsity of Toronto Abstract: Two main rasons for variation of currnt output of currnt sourc ar tmpratur dpndncy and procss dpndncy of output currnt. Thrfor in currnt rfrncs w try to compnsat ths two major factors. This papr rviws som important currnt rfrnc in bipolar and CMOS tchnolgy I. Introduction Th currnt-mod approach in circuit dsign is bcoming mor common, bcaus circuits dsignd using this approach will always work at highr spd, for a givn tchnology, than its voltag-mod countrpart. Thrfor many systms could tak advantag of currnt-mod tchnology ovr a wid fild of applications lik switchd-currnt filtrs and currnt-fdback oprational amplifirs. Also currnt rfrnc is a basic building block in analog circuits as a bias sourc for oscillators, amplifirs, PLL s and tc. All mntiond applications mak xtnsiv us of currnt rfrncs and thir accuracy is strongly rlatd to th tmpratur and procss stability of ths rfrncs. In th voltag mod w can implmnt a bandgap circuit to nsur corrct biasing ovr a wid tmpratur rang, but in th currnt mod it is much mor difficult to obtain this lvl of prformanc. This rviw papr dscrib som basic and advancd currnt rfrncs in bipolar and CMOS tchnology, also in low-voltag low-powr dsign. 1

2 II. Bipolar Tchnology Svral currnt rfrncs hav bn proposd prviously[1,13,14]. Th building blocks of ths circuits is th rfrnc currnt which is obtaining by forcing, across an intgratd rsistor, a built in rfrnc voltag such as th bas-mittr voltag of bipolar transistor or th diffrnc btwn th bas-mittr voltag of two transistors. II.A. PTAT currnt Rfrnc I 1 I 2 Q 1 Q 2 V R a Figur (1). PTAT currnt sourc This circuit is shown in figur (1). It can b shown that [2] th output currnt I 2 has th following rlation with tmpratur: I 2 A 1 V T ln A R a = KT q ln A A R a (1) and thrfor: di 2 dt A 1 K ln A 2 = = C qr a (2) and C is clarly a positiv constant. This currnt is gnrally calld proportional to absolut tmpratur, PTAT. It can asily b dmonstratd that th tmpratur dpndnc of R a introduc scond ordr ffct, ngligibl in th normal rang of tmpratur. 2

3 II.B. Invrs PTAT currnt rfrnc I 1 I 2 I 3 R b V BE1 Q 1 Q 3 Figur (2). Invrs PTAT currnt sourc It can b shown that in this circuit which has bn shown in figur (2)[2]: I 3 V BE R b (3) Also: V BE1 = V G0 V T ( γ α) ln( T ) V T ln( EG )) (4) whr γ, α, E, G ar indpndnt of T, thrfor: di 3 1 = [ V dt R b T BE1 V G0 V T ( γ α) ] = F ( T ) R b T (5) Although variation of I 3 is not a constant with rgards to th tmpratur, it is always ngativ. So it can b usd to compnsat th PTAT currnt sourc positiv dpndnc. W can add two prvious currnts and total currnt I c can b tmpratur indpndnc. di c dt di 1 di = + 2 = C + F ( T ) dt dt R b T (6) solving di c = 0, w hav F(T)=-CR b T 0, or: dt T = T 0 3

4 R b A 1 V BE1 = V G0 + V T ( γ α) -----V ln T R a A 2 (7) Equation (7) dpnds on a rsistor ratio, which implis good rproducibility and tmpratur stability in microlctronic dsign. On circuit was proposd basd on this ida in [2]. Figur (3) shows a tmpratur rgulation of lss than 3% ovr 0-80 C.. Figur (3). Ratiomtric tmpratur stabl currnt rfrnc [2] III. CMOS Tchnology Bcaus currnt rfrnc in CMOS tchnology has rcivd littl attntion in th litratur w try to considr ths circuits. W rviw th idas in bipolar currnt rfrncs. Thir principls rlis on th fact that th voltag V BE across a p-n junction that is forward biasing by a constant currnt incrass fairly linarly with dcrasing tmpratur. This voltag across rsistor rsults in currnt which incrass with dcrasing tmpratur (Invrs PTAT). If a currnt that is proportional to absolut tmpratur (PTAT) is addd to that currnt, on obtains a currnt rfrnc that is indpndnt of tmpratur. But in MOS transistors, th tmpratur dpndnc of th drain currnt originats mainly from its mobility dpndnc on tmpratur. To compnsat this mobility dpndncy, bipolar PTAT or MOS PTAT sourc hav bn usd. 4

5 III. A. CMOS tmpratur-compnsatd currnt rfrnc Th principl of this circuit is shown in figur (4). In this circuit, th currnt through M 1 is givn by [3]: W ( V + V I µ n C ox ---- th2 V th1 ) 2 ( V + V th2 V th1 ) 2 = L 1 ( 1 m) 2 = β ( 1 m) 2 (8) β and m 1 β 3 W = and β = µc. β 2 β ox L w know that tmpratur dpndnc of µ n of a MOS transistor is T By using a PTAT voltag sourc for V, a currnt is obtaind which is proportional to T.5 and thrfor slightly incras with tmpratur. A PTAT voltag sourc is usually obtaind by using vrtical bipolar dvics as dpictd in figur (5). M 3 M 4 M 1 M 2 V Figur (4). Principl of th currnt rfrnc Figur (5). Currnt rf. with PTAT voltag sourc [3] But for conomic rasons, analog circuits must b ralizd without additional stps in procss for bipolar transistors. Ralization of PTAT and invrs PTAT in CMOS tchnology is difficult. Solution of this problm may b found by considring in wak invrsion [4]. 5

6 III.B. PTAT circuits in CMOS tchnology III.B.1. PTAT CMOS circuit using rsistor I 1 I 3 M 2 M 4 M 1 M 3 R Figur (6). CMOS PTAT currnt sourc A circuit which uss MOSFET s only and on rsistor is shown in fig (6). P-channl MOS- FET s M 2 and M 4 act as a currnt mirror and ar in strong invrsion and M 1 and M 3 ar in wak invrsion rgion. Thrfor for M 3 [4]: I 3 V G1 V S3 V D W µ n C ox ---- nv J L D0 T V T V T = = 3 β 3 J D0 V G nv T V S V T V D V T (9) if V ds3 >> V T : I 3 = µ n C W ox ---- L 3 J D0 V G nv T V S V T 1 V DS V T β 3 J D0 V G nv T V S V T (10) also for M 1 : I 1 = β 1 J D0 V G nv T (11) But I 3 = I 4, I 1 = I 2, thrfor: β 3 β 2 V R = V ln T β 1 β (12) 6

7 III.B.2. PTAT CMOS circuit without using rsistor Th prsnc of a rsistor is a drawback for som application. If a low currnt is rquird, a high valu rsistor ndd, which taks along surfac ara if it is mad with drain diffusion or high dopd polysilicon. Th rsistivity is not guarantd by som foundris with tchnology. Also tmpratur cofficint of rsistor is not wll dfind and dos not compnsat for th tmpratur dpndnc of V R. Th basic cll of PTAT voltag sourc wothout rsistor is shown in fig (7). Th two transistors M 1 and M 2 ar in wak invrsion thrfor[5]: β 2 V 0 = V ln T β 1 (13) valus of V o practically obtainabl with this cll ar limitd to about 100 mv. Highr valus may b obtaind by stacking a crtain numbr of clls. I M 2 V o M 1 Figur (7). CMOS PTAT currnt sourc without rsistor III.C. All CMOS tmpratur compnsatd currnt rfrnc W can rturn to circuit sction (III.A) with using mntiond PTAT circuit which shown in figur (7). In practical ralization of figur (8)[3] M 28 -M 37 form a PTAT voltag sourc composd of a sris of fiv clls. 7

8 Figur (8). All CMOS tmpratur-compnsatd currnt rfrnc[3] In this figur th transistors M 1 -M 4 form th rfrnc circuit and M 28 -M 37 form th voltag sourc. Th currnts through th PTAT voltag sourc ar drivd from th rfrnc currnt through M 9, M 12 and M 18 -M 22. Th currnt rfrnc is availabl from th trminals I N and I P through M 13 -M 16. To obtain low supply and load rgulation snsitivitis cascod transistors ar addd to vry currnt mirror. Start-up ntwork formd by M 17 and M 38 and M 39 is addd to avoid latch-up stat du to lakag currnt. Rsults shows that th tmpratur dpndnc of th currnt output is lss than 3% btwn 0 and 80 C. This is causd by th ovrcompnsation of th tmpratur dpndnc of channl mobility and from nonidal bhavior of th PTAT voltag sourc. III.D. All CMOS tmpratur indpndnt currnt rfrnc Although mntiond circuits hav low tmpratur dpndnc, it can not compltly limi- 8

9 nat th mobility dpndnc or its tmpratur dpndnc. Th mobility dpndnc trm can compltly canclld out in th output currnt by multiplying a currnt componnt which is proportional to mobility and a currnt componnt which is invrsly proportional to mobility with a CMOS squar root circuit as shown in fig(9)[6]. M 1 I 2 M 3 I 1 M 2 R M 4 Figur (8). CMOS currnt rfrnc using squar root circuit[6] Th CMOS squar root circuit was drivd from its bipolar countrpart and it consist of four PMOS transistor M 1 -M 4 which oprating in wak invrsion rgion. Bcaus V GS1 +V GS2 =V GS3 +V GS4, th output currnt I o can b drivd as follows: I o = m 1 I 1 I 2 (14) β whr: m 3 β 1 = β 1 β 2 figur (10) shows a complt circuit schmatic of th CMOS currnt rfrnc circuit [6] using this ida. Th ight transistors M 5 -M 12 gnrat th currnt componnt I 1 which is proportional to mobility. Th svn transistors M 13 -M 19 and th rsistor R gnrat th currnt componnt I 2 which is invrsly proportional to mobility. Th four PMOS transistors M 1 -M 4 usd in th squar root circuit ar oprating in th wak invrsion rgion and all th othrs in figur ar oprating in strong invrsion saturation rgion. An ordinary currnt mirror circuit M 5 and M 8 gnrats I 5 such 9

10 that[6]: β I 5 ( V DD 3 V tp ) 2 5 = ( m 2 ) 2 (15) whr β m 2 = Also sinc voltag drop across th rsistor R is qual to th potntial diffrnc β 6 btwn th sourc nods of M 16 and M 18, I 16 can b drivd as follows by using th strong invrsion currnt quation[6]: 2( 1 m I 3 ) 2 16 = R 2 β 18 (16) β 16 β whr m 3 = Th currnt componnt I 1 and I 2 can b obtaind asily from I 5 and I 16 by multiplying th transistor siz ratios of th cascodd currnt mirror circuit (M 9 -M 12 ) and th simpl currnt mirror circuit (M 13 -M 15, M 17 ). Hnc th final output currnt I o can b drivd as: 1 m 3 ( V I o DD 3 V tp ) = m 1 m m R 2 (17) whr β m 5 β 10 β 13 β 4 = As shown in this quation th mobility dpndnc trms ar com- β 9 β 14 β 17 β 18 pltly canclld out in I o if w assum th mobility of th sam dvics is th sam for all th transistors in th circuit. Th tmpratur dpndnc of I o coms from tmpratur dpndncs of V tp and R. Ths paramtrs tnd to cancl ach othr sinc diffusion rsistor R and th PMOS thrshold voltag hav positiv and ngativ tmpratur cofficint rspctivly. Rsults shows 1.7% variation for a tmpratur rang 0-75 C. 10

11 Figur (10). Circuit diagram of CMOS currnt rfrnc and masurd output currnt[6] III.E. Switchd capacitor CMOS currnt rfrnc In currnt rfrnc circuits hav bn proposd prviously th valu of gnratd currnt dpnds on physical paramtrs such as MOS transistor thrshold voltag and conduction factor, sht rsistanc of rsistor layr and tc. which display wid disprsion rang in production. Th switchd capacitor tchniqu allows rsistor quivalnt structur to b ralizd whr th rsistanc valu is dtrmind by th valu of a capacitor and th switching frquncy[7,8]. Th intgratd capacitor pr unit ara shows typical disprsion in th rang of 20% and is indpndnt of tmpratur[9]. Th oprating principl of an SC-basd currnt rfrnc is shown in figur (11) 11

12 whr I o is rfrnc currnt gnratd. It can b shown that [10]: Figur (11). Principl of SC basd currnt rfrnc[10] I o = C 1 V rf T φ1 (18) Thrfor th valu of I o dpnds on an on-chip capacitor, a constant voltag rfrnc and tim intrval drivd from a crystal-controlld oscillator. This circuit has a limitd tmpratur dpndncy bcaus an intgratd capacitor has th tmpratur cofficint in th rang of a fw tns of ppm/ C [9]. Figur (12) shows th circuit schmatic of a complt currnt rfrnc. rsults show 3% sprad whn masuring 25 sampls dmonstrating ffctivnss of th discussd approach. Figur (12). Circuit diagram of SC-basd currnt rfrnc [10] 12

13 IV. Low voltag Low-powr dsign Th advnt of portabl lctronics yilds an important incras in low-voltag low-powr circuits dmand. Also improvmnt of microlctronic procss lad to rduction of componnt dimnsion and thrfor a nd for low supply voltag. But som mntiond circuits can not oprat in low-voltag cas. For xampl invrs PTAT part of circuit sction (II.B) can not oprat with lowr 1 volt powr supply. Bcaus gnrally 1-volt powr supply only allows th sum of a singl bas-mittr voltag and two collctor-mittr voltags. Thrfor changing in invrs PTAT circuit is rquird for oprating with low-voltag powr supply. IV.A. Low-voltag bipolar currnt rfrnc Th principl of th ida shown in figur (13). th currnt flowing R i is th sum of I i and ε. Bcaus Ii is controlld by ε with a high currnt gain fdback, thrfor ε is ngligibl. Thn w hav: I i = V BEQ1i R i (19) Complt schmatic of th invrs PTAT circuit is shown in figur (14) Figur (13). Principl of modifid invrs PTAT Figur (14). Low-voltag invrs PTAT circuit[11] 13

14 In this circuit thr ar not mor than on bas-mittr voltag and on collctor-mittr voltag.this topology can b usd with powr supply lowr 1 volt. On complt 1-volt ratiomtric tmpratur stabl currnt rfrnc is shown in figur (15)[11]. Exprimntal rsults in figur (16) show tmpratur cofficint about 250 ppm/ C. This circuit can work with powr 875 mv powr supply. Figur (15). Circuit diagram of low-voltag currnt rfrnc[11] Figur (16). Rsult of output currnt of low-voltag currnt rfrnc[11] IV.B. Low voltag CMOS currnt rfrnc CMOS currnt rfrncs which prviously prsntd can not work in low voltag powr supply. For xampl minimum powr supply for circuit sction (III.C) is 3.5 v [3] and for circuit sc- 14

15 tion (III.D) is 3 V tp. On low-voltag currnt rfrnc which has bn proposd [12] uss PTAT circuit sction (III.B.1), but rsistor R has bn rplac with n-channl MOSFET work in triod rgion. It has shown that [12] tmpratur dpndnc of output currnt is T.5. Also it can work with powr supply as low as 1.2 v and produc na output currnt. Figur (17). Low-voltag CMOS currnt rfrnc[12] Rfrncs: [1] P. R. Gray and R. G. Myr, Analysis and dsign of analog intgratd circuits, Nw York, Wily, [2] Y. Dval t al., Ratiomtric tmpratur stabl currnt rfrnc, Elctron. ltt., vol. 29, pp , July [3] W. M. Sansn t al., A CMOS tmpratur-compnsatd currnt rfrnc, IEEE J. Solid-Stat Circuits, vol. SC-23, pp , Jun [4] E. Vittoz and J. Fllrath, CMOS analog circuits basd on wak invrsion opration, IEEE J. Solid- Stat Circuits, vol. SC-12, pp , Jun [5] E. A. Vittoz and O. Nyroud, A low-voltag CMOS bandgap rfrnc, IEEE J. Solid-stat Circuits, vol. SC-14, pp , Jun 1979 [6] C. H. L and H. J. Park, All-CMOS tmpratur indpndnt currnt rfrnc, Elctron. ltt., vol. 32, pp , July [7] E. A. Vittoz, Th dsign of high-prformanc analog circuits on digital CMOS chips, IEEE J. Solidstat Circuits, vol. SC-20, pp , Jun [8] H. W. Klin and W. L. Engl, A voltag-currnt-convrtr basd on a switchd-capacitor controllr, Proc. of 9th uropan Solid-stat circuits confrnc, pp , Sptmbr [9] J. L. McCrary, Matching proprtis and voltag and tmpratur dpndnc of MOS capacitors, IEEE J. Solid-stat Circuits, vol. SC-16, pp , Dcmbr [10] G. Torlli and A. d la Plaza, Tracking switchd-capacitor CMOS currnt rfrnc, IEE proc. circuits, dvics and syst., vol. 145, pp , Fbruary 1998 [11] Y. Dval t al., 1-Volt ratiomtric Tmpratur stabl currnt rfrnc, IEEE Intrnational symposium on circuits and systms, pp , Jun [12] H. J. Oguy and D. Abischr, CMOS currnt rfrnc withot rsistanc, IEEE J. Solid-stat Cir- 15

16 cuits, vol. SC-32, pp , Jun 1997 [13] A. B. Grbn, Bipolar and MOS analog intgratd circuit dsign, Nw York, Wily, [14] D. A. Johns and K. Martin, Analog intgratd circuit dsign, Nw York, Wily,

81-1-ISD Economic Considerations of Heat Transfer on Sheet Metal Duct

81-1-ISD Economic Considerations of Heat Transfer on Sheet Metal Duct Air Handling Systms Enginring & chnical Bulltin 81-1-ISD Economic Considrations of Hat ransfr on Sht Mtal Duct Othr bulltins hav dmonstratd th nd to add insulation to cooling/hating ducts in ordr to achiv

More information

Lecture 20: Emitter Follower and Differential Amplifiers

Lecture 20: Emitter Follower and Differential Amplifiers Whits, EE 3 Lctur 0 Pag of 8 Lctur 0: Emittr Followr and Diffrntial Amplifirs Th nxt two amplifir circuits w will discuss ar ry important to lctrical nginring in gnral, and to th NorCal 40A spcifically.

More information

by John Donald, Lecturer, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Deakin University, Australia

by John Donald, Lecturer, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Deakin University, Australia Studnt Nots Cost Volum Profit Analysis by John Donald, Lcturr, School of Accounting, Economics and Financ, Dakin Univrsity, Australia As mntiond in th last st of Studnt Nots, th ability to catgoris costs

More information

A Note on Approximating. the Normal Distribution Function

A Note on Approximating. the Normal Distribution Function Applid Mathmatical Scincs, Vol, 00, no 9, 45-49 A Not on Approimating th Normal Distribution Function K M Aludaat and M T Alodat Dpartmnt of Statistics Yarmouk Univrsity, Jordan Aludaatkm@hotmailcom and

More information

Lecture 3: Diffusion: Fick s first law

Lecture 3: Diffusion: Fick s first law Lctur 3: Diffusion: Fick s first law Today s topics What is diffusion? What drivs diffusion to occur? Undrstand why diffusion can surprisingly occur against th concntration gradint? Larn how to dduc th

More information

Question 3: How do you find the relative extrema of a function?

Question 3: How do you find the relative extrema of a function? ustion 3: How do you find th rlativ trma of a function? Th stratgy for tracking th sign of th drivativ is usful for mor than dtrmining whr a function is incrasing or dcrasing. It is also usful for locating

More information

LG has introduced the NeON 2, with newly developed Cello Technology which improves performance and reliability. Up to 320W 300W

LG has introduced the NeON 2, with newly developed Cello Technology which improves performance and reliability. Up to 320W 300W Cllo Tchnology LG has introducd th NON 2, with nwly dvlopd Cllo Tchnology which improvs prformanc and rliability. Up to 320W 300W Cllo Tchnology Cll Connction Elctrically Low Loss Low Strss Optical Absorption

More information

EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMACE OF RECTANGULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINS

EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMACE OF RECTANGULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINS 25 Vol. 3 () January-March, pp.37-5/tripathi EFFECT OF GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMACE OF RECTANGULAR CIRCUMFERENTIAL FINS *Shilpa Tripathi Dpartmnt of Chmical Enginring, Indor Institut

More information

http://www.wwnorton.com/chemistry/tutorials/ch14.htm Repulsive Force

http://www.wwnorton.com/chemistry/tutorials/ch14.htm Repulsive Force ctivation nrgis http://www.wwnorton.com/chmistry/tutorials/ch14.htm (back to collision thory...) Potntial and Kintic nrgy during a collision + + ngativly chargd lctron cloud Rpulsiv Forc ngativly chargd

More information

New Basis Functions. Section 8. Complex Fourier Series

New Basis Functions. Section 8. Complex Fourier Series Nw Basis Functions Sction 8 Complx Fourir Sris Th complx Fourir sris is prsntd first with priod 2, thn with gnral priod. Th connction with th ral-valud Fourir sris is xplaind and formula ar givn for convrting

More information

Basis risk. When speaking about forward or futures contracts, basis risk is the market

Basis risk. When speaking about forward or futures contracts, basis risk is the market Basis risk Whn spaking about forward or futurs contracts, basis risk is th markt risk mismatch btwn a position in th spot asst and th corrsponding futurs contract. Mor broadly spaking, basis risk (also

More information

Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates

Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates Microconomics Topic 1: Explain why xchang rats indicat th pric of intrnational currncis and how xchang rats ar dtrmind by supply and dmand for currncis in intrnational markts. Rfrnc: Grgory Mankiw s Principls

More information

Vector Network Analyzer

Vector Network Analyzer Cours on Microwav Masurmnts Vctor Ntwork Analyzr Prof. Luca Prrgrini Dpt. of Elctrical, Computr and Biomdical Enginring Univrsity of Pavia -mail: luca.prrgrini@unipv.it wb: microwav.unipv.it Microwav Masurmnts

More information

I. INTRODUCTION. Figure 1, The Input Display II. DESIGN PROCEDURE

I. INTRODUCTION. Figure 1, The Input Display II. DESIGN PROCEDURE Ballast Dsign Softwar Ptr Grn, Snior ighting Systms Enginr, Intrnational Rctifir, ighting Group, 101S Spulvda Boulvard, El Sgundo, CA, 9045-438 as prsntd at PCIM Europ 0 Abstract: W hav dvlopd a Windows

More information

Traffic Flow Analysis (2)

Traffic Flow Analysis (2) Traffic Flow Analysis () Statistical Proprtis. Flow rat distributions. Hadway distributions. Spd distributions by Dr. Gang-Ln Chang, Profssor Dirctor of Traffic safty and Oprations Lab. Univrsity of Maryland,

More information

DUAL N-CHANNEL AND DUAL P-CHANNEL MATCHED MOSFET PAIR

DUAL N-CHANNEL AND DUAL P-CHANNEL MATCHED MOSFET PAIR DVNCD INR DVICS, INC. D113 DU N-CHNN ND DU P-CHNN MTCHD MOSFT PIR GNR DSCRIPTION Th D113 is a monolithic dual N-channl and dual P-channl matchd transistor pair intndd for a road rang of analog applications.

More information

Theoretical approach to algorithm for metrological comparison of two photothermal methods for measuring of the properties of materials

Theoretical approach to algorithm for metrological comparison of two photothermal methods for measuring of the properties of materials Rvista Invstigación Cintífica, ol. 4, No. 3, Nuva época, sptimbr dicimbr 8, IN 187 8196 Thortical approach to algorithm for mtrological comparison of two photothrmal mthods for masuring of th proprtis

More information

AP Calculus AB 2008 Scoring Guidelines

AP Calculus AB 2008 Scoring Guidelines AP Calculus AB 8 Scoring Guidlins Th Collg Board: Conncting Studnts to Collg Succss Th Collg Board is a not-for-profit mmbrship association whos mission is to connct studnts to collg succss and opportunity.

More information

(Analytic Formula for the European Normal Black Scholes Formula)

(Analytic Formula for the European Normal Black Scholes Formula) (Analytic Formula for th Europan Normal Black Schols Formula) by Kazuhiro Iwasawa Dcmbr 2, 2001 In this short summary papr, a brif summary of Black Schols typ formula for Normal modl will b givn. Usually

More information

Parallel and Distributed Programming. Performance Metrics

Parallel and Distributed Programming. Performance Metrics Paralll and Distributd Programming Prformanc! wo main goals to b achivd with th dsign of aralll alications ar:! Prformanc: th caacity to rduc th tim to solv th roblm whn th comuting rsourcs incras;! Scalability:

More information

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF A THERMAL FLOW SENSOR BY USING TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION NETWORK. *Corresponding author: sima@tatiuc.edu.

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION OF A THERMAL FLOW SENSOR BY USING TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION NETWORK. *Corresponding author: sima@tatiuc.edu. National Confrnc on Postgraduat sarch (NCON-PG) 2009 st Octobr 2009, UMP Confrnc Hall, Malaysia Cntr for Graduat Studis, Univrsiti Malaysia Pahang Editors: M.M. Noor; M.M. ahman and K. Kadirgama EMPEAUE

More information

Host Country: Czech Republic Other parties: Denmark Expected ERUs in 2008 2012: ~ 1,250,000 tco 2

Host Country: Czech Republic Other parties: Denmark Expected ERUs in 2008 2012: ~ 1,250,000 tco 2 Projct CZ1000033: Nitrous Oxid Emission Rductions at Lovochmi Host Country: Czch Rpublic Othr partis: Dnmark Expctd ERUs in 2008 2012: ~ 1,250,000 tco 2 Th projct at Lovochmi in th Czch Rpublic aims to

More information

Incomplete 2-Port Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Methods

Incomplete 2-Port Vector Network Analyzer Calibration Methods Incomplt -Port Vctor Ntwork nalyzr Calibration Mthods. Hnz, N. Tmpon, G. Monastrios, H. ilva 4 RF Mtrology Laboratory Instituto Nacional d Tcnología Industrial (INTI) Bunos irs, rgntina ahnz@inti.gov.ar

More information

CPS 220 Theory of Computation REGULAR LANGUAGES. Regular expressions

CPS 220 Theory of Computation REGULAR LANGUAGES. Regular expressions CPS 22 Thory of Computation REGULAR LANGUAGES Rgular xprssions Lik mathmatical xprssion (5+3) * 4. Rgular xprssion ar built using rgular oprations. (By th way, rgular xprssions show up in various languags:

More information

ME 612 Metal Forming and Theory of Plasticity. 6. Strain

ME 612 Metal Forming and Theory of Plasticity. 6. Strain Mtal Forming and Thory of Plasticity -mail: azsnalp@gyt.du.tr Makin Mühndisliği Bölümü Gbz Yüksk Tknoloji Enstitüsü 6.1. Uniaxial Strain Figur 6.1 Dfinition of th uniaxial strain (a) Tnsil and (b) Comprssiv.

More information

QUANTITATIVE METHODS CLASSES WEEK SEVEN

QUANTITATIVE METHODS CLASSES WEEK SEVEN QUANTITATIVE METHODS CLASSES WEEK SEVEN Th rgrssion modls studid in prvious classs assum that th rspons variabl is quantitativ. Oftn, howvr, w wish to study social procsss that lad to two diffrnt outcoms.

More information

Econ 371: Answer Key for Problem Set 1 (Chapter 12-13)

Econ 371: Answer Key for Problem Set 1 (Chapter 12-13) con 37: Answr Ky for Problm St (Chaptr 2-3) Instructor: Kanda Naknoi Sptmbr 4, 2005. (2 points) Is it possibl for a country to hav a currnt account dficit at th sam tim and has a surplus in its balanc

More information

Noise Power Ratio (NPR) A 65-Year Old Telephone System Specification Finds New Life in Modern Wireless Applications.

Noise Power Ratio (NPR) A 65-Year Old Telephone System Specification Finds New Life in Modern Wireless Applications. TUTORIL ois Powr Ratio (PR) 65-Yar Old Tlphon Systm Spcification Finds w Lif in Modrn Wirlss pplications ITRODUTIO by Walt Kstr Th concpt of ois Powr Ratio (PR) has bn around sinc th arly days of frquncy

More information

Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard in a Model With 2 States of the World

Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard in a Model With 2 States of the World Advrs Slction and Moral Hazard in a Modl With 2 Stats of th World A modl of a risky situation with two discrt stats of th world has th advantag that it can b natly rprsntd using indiffrnc curv diagrams,

More information

Hardware Modules of the RSA Algorithm

Hardware Modules of the RSA Algorithm SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 11, No. 1, Fbruary 2014, 121-131 UDC: 004.3`142:621.394.14 DOI: 10.2298/SJEE140114011S Hardwar Moduls of th RSA Algorithm Vlibor Škobić 1, Branko Dokić 1,

More information

Section 7.4: Exponential Growth and Decay

Section 7.4: Exponential Growth and Decay 1 Sction 7.4: Exponntial Growth and Dcay Practic HW from Stwart Txtbook (not to hand in) p. 532 # 1-17 odd In th nxt two ction, w xamin how population growth can b modld uing diffrntial quation. W tart

More information

Fredy Vélez. Centro Tecnológico CARTIF, Valladolid, España. frevel@cartif.es

Fredy Vélez. Centro Tecnológico CARTIF, Valladolid, España. frevel@cartif.es Slcting working fluids in an organic Rankin cycl for powr gnration from low tmpratur hat sourcs Frdy Vélz Cntro Tcnológico CARTIF, Valladolid, España. frvl@cartif.s Rcivd: January 21th, d 2014. Rcivd in

More information

Performance Evaluation

Performance Evaluation Prformanc Evaluation ( ) Contnts lists availabl at ScincDirct Prformanc Evaluation journal hompag: www.lsvir.com/locat/pva Modling Bay-lik rputation systms: Analysis, charactrization and insuranc mchanism

More information

Current and Resistance

Current and Resistance Chaptr 6 Currnt and Rsistanc 6.1 Elctric Currnt...6-6.1.1 Currnt Dnsity...6-6. Ohm s Law...6-4 6.3 Elctrical Enrgy and Powr...6-7 6.4 Summary...6-8 6.5 Solvd Problms...6-9 6.5.1 Rsistivity of a Cabl...6-9

More information

[ ] These are the motor parameters that are needed: Motor voltage constant. J total (lb-in-sec^2)

[ ] These are the motor parameters that are needed: Motor voltage constant. J total (lb-in-sec^2) MEASURING MOOR PARAMEERS Fil: Motor paramtrs hs ar th motor paramtrs that ar ndd: Motor voltag constant (volts-sc/rad Motor torqu constant (lb-in/amp Motor rsistanc R a (ohms Motor inductanc L a (Hnris

More information

Vibrational Spectroscopy

Vibrational Spectroscopy Vibrational Spctroscopy armonic scillator Potntial Enrgy Slction Ruls V( ) = k = R R whr R quilibrium bond lngth Th dipol momnt of a molcul can b pandd as a function of = R R. µ ( ) =µ ( ) + + + + 6 3

More information

Circuits with Transistors

Circuits with Transistors ircuits with Transistors ontnts 1 Transistors 1 2 Amplifirs 2 2.1 h paramtrs.................................... 3 3 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) 3 3.1 BJT as a switch...................................

More information

An Adaptive Clustering MAP Algorithm to Filter Speckle in Multilook SAR Images

An Adaptive Clustering MAP Algorithm to Filter Speckle in Multilook SAR Images An Adaptiv Clustring MAP Algorithm to Filtr Spckl in Multilook SAR Imags FÁTIMA N. S. MEDEIROS 1,3 NELSON D. A. MASCARENHAS LUCIANO DA F. COSTA 1 1 Cybrntic Vision Group IFSC -Univrsity of São Paulo Caia

More information

2SD1898 / 2SD1733 V CEO 80V I C 1.0A. Datasheet. NPN 1.0A 80V Middle Power Transistor. Outline. Features

2SD1898 / 2SD1733 V CEO 80V I C 1.0A. Datasheet. NPN 1.0A 80V Middle Power Transistor. Outline. Features NPN.0 80V Middl Powr Transistor Datasht Faturs Paramtr V CEO ) Suitabl for Middl Powr Drivr 2) Complmntary PNP Typs : 2SB260 / 2SB8 3) Low V CE(sat) V CE(sat) = 0.4V Max. (I C /I B =500m/20m) 4) Lad Fr/RoHS

More information

Rural and Remote Broadband Access: Issues and Solutions in Australia

Rural and Remote Broadband Access: Issues and Solutions in Australia Rural and Rmot Broadband Accss: Issus and Solutions in Australia Dr Tony Warrn Group Managr Rgulatory Stratgy Tlstra Corp Pag 1 Tlstra in confidnc Ovrviw Australia s gographical siz and population dnsity

More information

Gold versus stock investment: An econometric analysis

Gold versus stock investment: An econometric analysis Intrnational Journal of Dvlopmnt and Sustainability Onlin ISSN: 268-8662 www.isdsnt.com/ijds Volum Numbr, Jun 202, Pag -7 ISDS Articl ID: IJDS20300 Gold vrsus stock invstmnt: An conomtric analysis Martin

More information

Abstract. Introduction. Statistical Approach for Analyzing Cell Phone Handoff Behavior. Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009

Abstract. Introduction. Statistical Approach for Analyzing Cell Phone Handoff Behavior. Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009 Volum 3, Issu 1, 29 Statistical Approach for Analyzing Cll Phon Handoff Bhavior Shalini Saxna, Florida Atlantic Univrsity, Boca Raton, FL, shalinisaxna1@gmail.com Sad A. Rajput, Farquhar Collg of Arts

More information

CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS. Basic Circuit Analysis Method (KVL and KCL method)

CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS. Basic Circuit Analysis Method (KVL and KCL method) 6. CIRCUITS AND ELECTRONICS Basic Circuit Analysis Mthod (KVL and KCL mthod) Cit as: Anant Agarwal and Jffry Lang, cours matrials for 6. Circuits and Elctronics, Spring 7. MIT 6. Fall Lctur Rviw Lumpd

More information

5.4 Exponential Functions: Differentiation and Integration TOOTLIFTST:

5.4 Exponential Functions: Differentiation and Integration TOOTLIFTST: .4 Eponntial Functions: Diffrntiation an Intgration TOOTLIFTST: Eponntial functions ar of th form f ( ) Ab. W will, in this sction, look at a spcific typ of ponntial function whr th bas, b, is.78.... This

More information

The example is taken from Sect. 1.2 of Vol. 1 of the CPN book.

The example is taken from Sect. 1.2 of Vol. 1 of the CPN book. Rsourc Allocation Abstract This is a small toy xampl which is wll-suitd as a first introduction to Cnts. Th CN modl is dscribd in grat dtail, xplaining th basic concpts of C-nts. Hnc, it can b rad by popl

More information

Natural Gas & Electricity Prices

Natural Gas & Electricity Prices Click to dit Mastr titl styl Click to dit Mastr txt styls Scond lvl Third lvl Natural Gas & Elctricity Prics Fourth lvl» Fifth lvl Glnn S. Pool Manufacturing Support Mgr. Enrgy April 4, 2013 Click Vrso

More information

Surface wave accelerator based on silicon carbide (SWABSiC)

Surface wave accelerator based on silicon carbide (SWABSiC) Surfac wav acclrator basd on silicon carbid (SWABSiC) V. Khudi, S. Trndafilov, Kamil B. Alici P.I. Gnnady Shvts Th Univrsity of Txas at Austin V. Yaimno, M. Babzin, M. Fdurin, K. Kusch BNL/ATF Lasr Bam

More information

Long run: Law of one price Purchasing Power Parity. Short run: Market for foreign exchange Factors affecting the market for foreign exchange

Long run: Law of one price Purchasing Power Parity. Short run: Market for foreign exchange Factors affecting the market for foreign exchange Lctur 6: Th Forign xchang Markt xchang Rats in th long run CON 34 Mony and Banking Profssor Yamin Ahmad xchang Rats in th Short Run Intrst Parity Big Concpts Long run: Law of on pric Purchasing Powr Parity

More information

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CURRENT SENSE TRANSFORMER DESIGN. Patrick A. Cattermole, Senior Applications Engineer MMG 10 Vansco Road, Toronto Ontario Canada

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CURRENT SENSE TRANSFORMER DESIGN. Patrick A. Cattermole, Senior Applications Engineer MMG 10 Vansco Road, Toronto Ontario Canada , Snior Alications nginr MMG 10 Vansco Road, Toronto Ontario Canada Abstract Th following ar will first rviw th basic rincils of oration of a Currnt Sns Transformr and thn follow a simlifid dsign rocdur.

More information

CPU. Rasterization. Per Vertex Operations & Primitive Assembly. Polynomial Evaluator. Frame Buffer. Per Fragment. Display List.

CPU. Rasterization. Per Vertex Operations & Primitive Assembly. Polynomial Evaluator. Frame Buffer. Per Fragment. Display List. Elmntary Rndring Elmntary rastr algorithms for fast rndring Gomtric Primitivs Lin procssing Polygon procssing Managing OpnGL Stat OpnGL uffrs OpnGL Gomtric Primitivs ll gomtric primitivs ar spcifid by

More information

User-Perceived Quality of Service in Hybrid Broadcast and Telecommunication Networks

User-Perceived Quality of Service in Hybrid Broadcast and Telecommunication Networks Usr-Prcivd Quality of Srvic in Hybrid Broadcast and Tlcommunication Ntworks Michal Galtzka Fraunhofr Institut for Intgratd Circuits Branch Lab Dsign Automation, Drsdn, Grmany Michal.Galtzka@as.iis.fhg.d

More information

Constraint-Based Analysis of Gene Deletion in a Metabolic Network

Constraint-Based Analysis of Gene Deletion in a Metabolic Network Constraint-Basd Analysis of Gn Dltion in a Mtabolic Ntwork Abdlhalim Larhlimi and Alxandr Bockmayr DFG-Rsarch Cntr Mathon, FB Mathmatik und Informatik, Fri Univrsität Brlin, Arnimall, 3, 14195 Brlin, Grmany

More information

On the moments of the aggregate discounted claims with dependence introduced by a FGM copula

On the moments of the aggregate discounted claims with dependence introduced by a FGM copula On th momnts of th aggrgat discountd claims with dpndnc introducd by a FGM copula - Mathiu BARGES Univrsité Lyon, Laboratoir SAF, Univrsité Laval - Hélèn COSSETTE Ecol Actuariat, Univrsité Laval, Québc,

More information

Government Spending or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Texas

Government Spending or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Texas Govrnmnt Spnding or Tax Cuts for Education in Taylor County, Txas Ian Shphrd Abiln Christian Univrsity D Ann Shphrd Abiln Christian Univrsity On Fbruary 17, 2009, Prsidnt Barack Obama signd into law th

More information

The international Internet site of the geoviticulture MCC system Le site Internet international du système CCM géoviticole

The international Internet site of the geoviticulture MCC system Le site Internet international du système CCM géoviticole Th intrnational Intrnt sit of th goviticultur MCC systm L sit Intrnt intrnational du systèm CCM géoviticol Flávio BELLO FIALHO 1 and Jorg TONIETTO 1 1 Rsarchr, Embrapa Uva Vinho, Caixa Postal 130, 95700-000

More information

An Broad outline of Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Shaifali Shrivastava 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering AITR, Indore

An Broad outline of Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Shaifali Shrivastava 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering AITR, Indore Intrnational Journal of mrging Tchnology and dvancd nginring Wbsit: www.ijta.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volum 2, Issu 4, pril 2012) n road outlin of Rdundant rray of Inxpnsiv isks Shaifali Shrivastava 1 partmnt

More information

Theoretical aspects of investment demand for gold

Theoretical aspects of investment demand for gold Victor Sazonov (Russia), Dmitry Nikolav (Russia) Thortical aspcts of invstmnt dmand for gold Abstract Th main objctiv of this articl is construction of a thortical modl of invstmnt in gold. Our modl is

More information

Expert-Mediated Search

Expert-Mediated Search Exprt-Mdiatd Sarch Mnal Chhabra Rnsslar Polytchnic Inst. Dpt. of Computr Scinc Troy, NY, USA chhabm@cs.rpi.du Sanmay Das Rnsslar Polytchnic Inst. Dpt. of Computr Scinc Troy, NY, USA sanmay@cs.rpi.du David

More information

Advances in GNSS Equipment

Advances in GNSS Equipment Advancs in GNSS Equipmnt Todd Humphrys With Input From: Thomas Pany, Brnhard Ridl IFEN, Carstn Strobr UFAF Larry Young, JPL David Munton, UT/ARL 2010 IGS Workshop, Nwcastl Upon Tyn Q: What advancs in GNSS

More information

SPREAD OPTION VALUATION AND THE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM

SPREAD OPTION VALUATION AND THE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM RESEARCH PAPERS IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES SPREAD OPTION VALUATION AND THE FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM M.A.H. Dmpstr & S.S.G. Hong WP 26/2000 Th Judg Institut of Managmnt Trumpington Strt Cambridg CB2 1AG Ths paprs

More information

Mathematics. Mathematics 3. hsn.uk.net. Higher HSN23000

Mathematics. Mathematics 3. hsn.uk.net. Higher HSN23000 hsn uknt Highr Mathmatics UNIT Mathmatics HSN000 This documnt was producd spcially for th HSNuknt wbsit, and w rquir that any copis or drivativ works attribut th work to Highr Still Nots For mor dtails

More information

Architecture of the proposed standard

Architecture of the proposed standard Architctur of th proposd standard Introduction Th goal of th nw standardisation projct is th dvlopmnt of a standard dscribing building srvics (.g.hvac) product catalogus basd on th xprincs mad with th

More information

Enforcing Fine-grained Authorization Policies for Java Mobile Agents

Enforcing Fine-grained Authorization Policies for Java Mobile Agents Enforcing Fin-graind Authorization Policis for Java Mobil Agnts Giovanni Russllo Changyu Dong Narankr Dulay Dpartmnt of Computing Imprial Collg London South Knsington London, SW7 2AZ, UK {g.russllo, changyu.dong,

More information

International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)

International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR) (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Intrnational Association of Scintific Innovation and Rsarch (IASIR) (An Association Unifing th Scincs, Enginring, and Applid Rsarch) ISSN (Print): 79-000 ISSN (Onlin): 79-009 Intrnational Journal of Enginring,

More information

Research Progress in Acoustical Application to Petroleum Logging and Seismic Exploration

Research Progress in Acoustical Application to Petroleum Logging and Seismic Exploration Snd Ordrs of Rprints at rprints@bnthamscinc.nt Th Opn Acoustics Journal 23 6 - Opn Accss Rsarch Progrss in Acoustical Application to Ptrolum Logging and Sismic Exploration Lin Fa * Li Wang Yuan Zhao 2

More information

An Analysis of Synergy Degree of Primary-Tertiary Industry System in Dujiangyan City

An Analysis of Synergy Degree of Primary-Tertiary Industry System in Dujiangyan City www.ccsnt.org/ijbm Intrnational Journal of Businss and Managmnt Vol. 6, No. 8; August An Analysis of Synrgy Dgr of Primary-Trtiary Industry Systm in Dujiangyan City Qizhi Yang School of Tourism, Sichuan

More information

Production Costing (Chapter 8 of W&W)

Production Costing (Chapter 8 of W&W) Production Costing (Chaptr 8 of W&W).0 Introduction Production costs rfr to th oprational costs associatd with producing lctric nrgy. Th most significant componnt of production costs ar th ful costs ncssary

More information

Fetch. Decode. Execute. Memory. PC update

Fetch. Decode. Execute. Memory. PC update nwpc PC Nw PC valm Mmory Mm. control rad writ Data mmory data out rmmovl ra, D(rB) Excut Bch CC ALU A vale ALU Addr ALU B Data vala ALU fun. valb dste dstm srca srcb dste dstm srca srcb Ftch Dcod Excut

More information

Fundamentals: NATURE OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY

Fundamentals: NATURE OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY Fundamntals: NATURE OF HEAT, TEMPERATURE, AND ENERGY DEFINITIONS: Quantum Mchanics study of individual intractions within atoms and molculs of particl associatd with occupid quantum stat of a singl particl

More information

Upper Bounding the Price of Anarchy in Atomic Splittable Selfish Routing

Upper Bounding the Price of Anarchy in Atomic Splittable Selfish Routing Uppr Bounding th Pric of Anarchy in Atomic Splittabl Slfish Routing Kamyar Khodamoradi 1, Mhrdad Mahdavi, and Mohammad Ghodsi 3 1 Sharif Univrsity of Tchnology, Thran, Iran, khodamoradi@c.sharif.du Sharif

More information

C H A P T E R 1 Writing Reports with SAS

C H A P T E R 1 Writing Reports with SAS C H A P T E R 1 Writing Rports with SAS Prsnting information in a way that s undrstood by th audinc is fundamntally important to anyon s job. Onc you collct your data and undrstand its structur, you nd

More information

Analyzing the Economic Efficiency of ebaylike Online Reputation Reporting Mechanisms

Analyzing the Economic Efficiency of ebaylike Online Reputation Reporting Mechanisms A rsarch and ducation initiativ at th MIT Sloan School of Managmnt Analyzing th Economic Efficincy of Baylik Onlin Rputation Rporting Mchanisms Papr Chrysanthos Dllarocas July For mor information, plas

More information

Key Management System Framework for Cloud Storage Singa Suparman, Eng Pin Kwang Temasek Polytechnic {singas,engpk}@tp.edu.sg

Key Management System Framework for Cloud Storage Singa Suparman, Eng Pin Kwang Temasek Polytechnic {singas,engpk}@tp.edu.sg Ky Managmnt Systm Framwork for Cloud Storag Singa Suparman, Eng Pin Kwang Tmask Polytchnic {singas,ngpk}@tp.du.sg Abstract In cloud storag, data ar oftn movd from on cloud storag srvic to anothr. Mor frquntly

More information

Free ACA SOLUTION (IRS 1094&1095 Reporting)

Free ACA SOLUTION (IRS 1094&1095 Reporting) Fr ACA SOLUTION (IRS 1094&1095 Rporting) Th Insuranc Exchang (301) 279-1062 ACA Srvics Transmit IRS Form 1094 -C for mployrs Print & mail IRS Form 1095-C to mploys HR Assist 360 will gnrat th 1095 s for

More information

AP Calculus Multiple-Choice Question Collection 1969 1998. connect to college success www.collegeboard.com

AP Calculus Multiple-Choice Question Collection 1969 1998. connect to college success www.collegeboard.com AP Calculus Multipl-Choic Qustion Collction 969 998 connct to collg succss www.collgboard.com Th Collg Board: Conncting Studnts to Collg Succss Th Collg Board is a not-for-profit mmbrship association whos

More information

Category 7: Employee Commuting

Category 7: Employee Commuting 7 Catgory 7: Employ Commuting Catgory dscription This catgory includs missions from th transportation of mploys 4 btwn thir homs and thir worksits. Emissions from mploy commuting may aris from: Automobil

More information

Use a high-level conceptual data model (ER Model). Identify objects of interest (entities) and relationships between these objects

Use a high-level conceptual data model (ER Model). Identify objects of interest (entities) and relationships between these objects Chaptr 3: Entity Rlationship Modl Databas Dsign Procss Us a high-lvl concptual data modl (ER Modl). Idntify objcts of intrst (ntitis) and rlationships btwn ths objcts Idntify constraints (conditions) End

More information

Important Information Call Through... 8 Internet Telephony... 6 two PBX systems... 10 Internet Calls... 3 Internet Telephony... 2

Important Information Call Through... 8 Internet Telephony... 6 two PBX systems... 10 Internet Calls... 3 Internet Telephony... 2 Installation and Opration Intrnt Tlphony Adaptr Aurswald Box Indx C I R 884264 03 02/05 Call Duration, maximum...10 Call Through...7 Call Transportation...7 Calls Call Through...7 Intrnt Tlphony...3 two

More information

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE-INTEGRATED CONVERTER (MIC) BASED ON SEMI-Z-SOURCE INVERTERS (SZSI): A NEW SLIDING MODE CONTROL SCHEME

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE-INTEGRATED CONVERTER (MIC) BASED ON SEMI-Z-SOURCE INVERTERS (SZSI): A NEW SLIDING MODE CONTROL SCHEME Rcibido: 11 d sptimbr d 2013 Acptado: 13 d novimbr 2013 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE-INTEGRATED CONVERTER (MIC) BASED ON SEMI-Z-SOURCE INVERTERS (SZSI): A NEW SLIDING MODE CONTROL SCHEME CONVERTIDORES FOTOVOLTAICOS

More information

Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Simulation, Modelling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-24, 2006 246

Proceedings of the 6th WSEAS International Conference on Simulation, Modelling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, September 22-24, 2006 246 Procdings of th 6th WSEAS Intrnational Confrnc on Simulation, Modlling and Optimization, Lisbon, Portugal, Sptmbr 22-24, 2006 246 Larg dformation modling in soil-tillag tool intraction using advancd 3D

More information

Lecture notes: 160B revised 9/28/06 Lecture 1: Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market FT chapter 13

Lecture notes: 160B revised 9/28/06 Lecture 1: Exchange Rates and the Foreign Exchange Market FT chapter 13 Lctur nots: 160B rvisd 9/28/06 Lctur 1: xchang Rats and th Forign xchang Markt FT chaptr 13 Topics: xchang Rats Forign xchang markt Asst approach to xchang rats Intrst Rat Parity Conditions 1) Dfinitions

More information

Planning and Managing Copper Cable Maintenance through Cost- Benefit Modeling

Planning and Managing Copper Cable Maintenance through Cost- Benefit Modeling Planning and Managing Coppr Cabl Maintnanc through Cost- Bnfit Modling Jason W. Rup U S WEST Advancd Tchnologis Bouldr Ky Words: Maintnanc, Managmnt Stratgy, Rhabilitation, Cost-bnfit Analysis, Rliability

More information

The ACES Mission Testing Fundamental Physics with Clocks in Space. L. Cacciapuoti European Space Agency

The ACES Mission Testing Fundamental Physics with Clocks in Space. L. Cacciapuoti European Space Agency Th ACES Mission Tsting Fundamntal Physics with Clocks in Spac L. Cacciapuoti Europan Spac Agncy Atomic Clock Ensmbl in Spac La Thuil 21-28 March 2015 Rncontrs d Moriond - Gravitation 2 Th Columbus modul

More information

Dehumidifiers: A Major Consumer of Residential Electricity

Dehumidifiers: A Major Consumer of Residential Electricity Dhumidifirs: A Major Consumr of Rsidntial Elctricity Laurn Mattison and Dav Korn, Th Cadmus Group, Inc. ABSTRACT An stimatd 19% of U.S. homs hav dhumidifirs, and thy can account for a substantial portion

More information

CARE QUALITY COMMISSION ESSENTIAL STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY. Outcome 10 Regulation 11 Safety and Suitability of Premises

CARE QUALITY COMMISSION ESSENTIAL STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY. Outcome 10 Regulation 11 Safety and Suitability of Premises CARE QUALITY COMMISSION ESSENTIAL STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND SAFETY Outcom 10 Rgulation 11 Safty and Suitability of Prmiss CQC Rf 10A 10A(1) Lad Dirctor / Lad Officr Rspons Impact Liklihood Lvl of Concrn

More information

A Theoretical Model of Public Response to the Homeland Security Advisory System

A Theoretical Model of Public Response to the Homeland Security Advisory System A Thortical Modl of Public Rspons to th Homland Scurity Advisory Systm Amy (Wnxuan) Ding Dpartmnt of Information and Dcision Scincs Univrsity of Illinois Chicago, IL 60607 wxding@uicdu Using a diffrntial

More information

Fraud, Investments and Liability Regimes in Payment. Platforms

Fraud, Investments and Liability Regimes in Payment. Platforms Fraud, Invstmnts and Liability Rgims in Paymnt Platforms Anna Crti and Mariann Vrdir y ptmbr 25, 2011 Abstract In this papr, w discuss how fraud liability rgims impact th pric structur that is chosn by

More information

Introduction to Finite Element Modeling

Introduction to Finite Element Modeling Introduction to Finit Elmnt Modling Enginring analysis of mchanical systms hav bn addrssd by driving diffrntial quations rlating th variabls of through basic physical principls such as quilibrium, consrvation

More information

Factorials! Stirling s formula

Factorials! Stirling s formula Author s not: This articl may us idas you havn t larnd yt, and might sm ovrly complicatd. It is not. Undrstanding Stirling s formula is not for th faint of hart, and rquirs concntrating on a sustaind mathmatical

More information

Chapter 19: Permanent Magnet DC Motor Characteristics

Chapter 19: Permanent Magnet DC Motor Characteristics Chaptr 19: Prmannt Magnt DC Motor Charactristics 19.1: ntroduction Dirct currnt (DC) motors compris on of th most common typs of actuator dsignd into lctromchanical systms. hy ar a vry straightforward

More information

Whole Systems Approach to CO 2 Capture, Transport and Storage

Whole Systems Approach to CO 2 Capture, Transport and Storage Whol Systms Approach to CO 2 Captur, Transport and Storag N. Mac Dowll, A. Alhajaj, N. Elahi, Y. Zhao, N. Samsatli and N. Shah UKCCS Mting, July 14th 2011, Nottingham, UK Ovrviw 1 Introduction 2 3 4 Powr

More information

Package Information Datasheet for Mature Altera Devices

Package Information Datasheet for Mature Altera Devices Packag Information Datasht for Matur Altra Dvics DS-PKG-16.8 This datasht provids packag and thrmal rsistanc information for matur Altra dvics. Packag information includs th ordring cod rfrnc, packag acronym,

More information

Far Field Estimations and Simulation Model Creation from Cable Bundle Scans

Far Field Estimations and Simulation Model Creation from Cable Bundle Scans Far Fild Estimations and Simulation Modl Cration from Cabl Bundl Scans D. Rinas, S. Nidzwidz, S. Fri Dortmund Univrsity of Tchnology Dortmund, Grmany dnis.rinas@tu-dortmund.d stphan.fri@tu-dortmund.d Abstract

More information

REPORT' Meeting Date: April 19,201 2 Audit Committee

REPORT' Meeting Date: April 19,201 2 Audit Committee REPORT' Mting Dat: April 19,201 2 Audit Committ For Information DATE: March 21,2012 REPORT TITLE: FROM: Paul Wallis, CMA, CIA, CISA, Dirctor, Intrnal Audit OBJECTIVE To inform Audit Committ of th rsults

More information

Effect of Design Parameter on the Performance of Lithium Ion Battery

Effect of Design Parameter on the Performance of Lithium Ion Battery Aadil Ahmad, Mohd. Parvz / Intrnational Journal of Enginring Rarch and Application Vol. 3, Iu 4, Jul-Aug 2013, pp.1196-1201 Effct of Dign Paramtr on th Prformanc of Lithium Ion Battry Aadil Ahmad 1, Mohd.

More information

5 2 index. e e. Prime numbers. Prime factors and factor trees. Powers. worked example 10. base. power

5 2 index. e e. Prime numbers. Prime factors and factor trees. Powers. worked example 10. base. power Prim numbrs W giv spcial nams to numbrs dpnding on how many factors thy hav. A prim numbr has xactly two factors: itslf and 1. A composit numbr has mor than two factors. 1 is a spcial numbr nithr prim

More information

SPECIAL VOWEL SOUNDS

SPECIAL VOWEL SOUNDS SPECIAL VOWEL SOUNDS Plas consult th appropriat supplmnt for th corrsponding computr softwar lsson. Rfr to th 42 Sounds Postr for ach of th Spcial Vowl Sounds. TEACHER INFORMATION: Spcial Vowl Sounds (SVS)

More information

Sharp bounds for Sándor mean in terms of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means

Sharp bounds for Sándor mean in terms of arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means Qian t al. Journal of Inqualitis and Applications (015) 015:1 DOI 10.1186/s1660-015-0741-1 R E S E A R C H Opn Accss Sharp bounds for Sándor man in trms of arithmtic, gomtric and harmonic mans Wi-Mao Qian

More information

A Multi-Heuristic GA for Schedule Repair in Precast Plant Production

A Multi-Heuristic GA for Schedule Repair in Precast Plant Production From: ICAPS-03 Procdings. Copyright 2003, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights rsrvd. A Multi-Huristic GA for Schdul Rpair in Prcast Plant Production Wng-Tat Chan* and Tan Hng W** *Associat Profssor, Dpartmnt

More information