Presentation to the Committee on the Domestic Transportation of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Ethanol

Transcription

1 Presentation to the Committee on the Domestic Transportation of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Ethanol David O. Willauer, Chair TRB Crude Oil Subcommittee TRB Headquarters February 5, 2016

2 Outline Background Crude Oil Subcommittee Crude by Rail Workshop January 2016 Ethanol and Crude Oil Emergency Response Findings and Recommendations Questions

3 Truck, Rail, Pipeline & Barge Prior to 2009, railroads moved very little oil because it was more expensive than pipelines. North Dakota production increased over 900 percent from 2006 to 2015 and refineries switched from maritime imports to domestic rail movements. Inland and coastal barge movements increased during the same timeframe. The pipeline industry responded by expanding capacity and reversing several lines.

4 Crude Oil Transportation Subcommittee Purpose: The TRB Crude Oil Subcommittee was formed under the Transportation of Hazardous Materials Committee in June 2014 in response to the widespread interest in crude oil transportation in North America. The subcommittee focus is to promote research and awareness of crude oil classification, transportation by motor carrier, rail, pipeline and barge, tank car design, emergency response and public outreach.

5 Subcommittee Membership State Departments of Transportation State Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs) State Emergency Response Commissions (SERCs) Industry groups AAR, AFPM, API, EIA, CTEH Federal agencies DOE; DOT (PHMSA, FMCSA, FRA, FAA, MARAD); DHS (TSA, USCG); EPA (OSHA) Federal National Laboratories (ORNL, Sandia, Volpe) Universities Consulting firms Transport Canada, CCQTA

6 Subcommittee Presentations FRA Tank Car Crash Tests Findings University of Delaware, CBR Model EIA: New Crude by Rail Data DOE Tight Oil Literature Review Mount Carbon, WV Local Perspective Crude Oil Scavengers: Reducing H2S Petroleum Industry Trends - API U.S. and Canadian Pipeline Profile Risk Modeling Crude Oil Releases Heater Treaters separate oil, water and gas

7 Crude By Rail Workshop TRB 2016 Challenges and Implications for Class I Railroads John Gray, Association of American Railroads Shipper Challenges in the Petroleum Industry Dr. Geoffrey Brand, American Petroleum Institute (API) Crude by Rail: Findings from Risk Research Dr. Christopher Barkan, RTEC, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign USDOE Crude Oil Characteristics Research: Current Status Richard A. Elliott, Division of Supply and Delivery DOE Office of Oil and Natural Gas Methodology and Best Practices for Crude Oil Characterization Gerald Bruce, Canadian Crude Quality Technical Association (CCQTA)

8 Ethanol Emergency Response Shipped from the Midwest by unit train and some barge movements Too corrosive to transport by pipeline Placards differ depending on the concentrations Requires AFFF to extinguish Miscible in water Splash blending at rail sidings Increased ethanol training over the past five years

9 Crude Oil Emergency Response Shipped by multiple modes depending on geography, market Communication with carriers Evacuate the area Secure the perimeter Stop source of spill if possible Minimize environmental impact Firefighting foam applications Emergency Response Guidebook

10 Findings Understanding what leads to vapor formation during transport and is key to understanding the flammability risks (DOE/Sandia) During a derailment, the energy generated to cause ignition far exceeds flammability classification thresholds (DOE/Sandia) Lifting the crude oil export ban will impact how crude oil is transported to refineries or to the coast for export (API)

11 Findings Domestic supplies of crude oil and natural gas provide feedstock for chemical production (API) Rail tank cars burning in a pool fire can explode up to 8 hours following a derailment (First Responders from Mt. Carbon, WV) Pipeline Reversals will impact crude by rail volumes Coastal refineries pursing rail options for domestic feedstock (Benicia, Santa Maria, CA) Railroads connect cities in America Railroads follow river corridors

12 Recommendations Know your limitations; evacuate the area Get to know the railroad, pipeline, and barge operators and train together (WV example) Learn about tank car strengths and weaknesses Practice Incident Command System with railroads May require boom operations for rivers, lakes, coastal areas Learn foam applications for different fuels Learn the lessons from past incidents

13 Recommendations Prioritize chemical transport hazards Pay attention to sensitive population locations Figure out what is going through your backyard and plan accordingly Understand changes in the distribution of hazardous materials in your region in the midst of changing markets and supply chains