Religious Refuge Protestant Reformation led to the creation of the Anglican Church (Church of England) Puritans: people desiring to purify the Church

Transcription

1 Unit 2, Notes 2

2 Religious Refuge Protestant Reformation led to the creation of the Anglican Church (Church of England) Puritans: people desiring to purify the Church of England by removing all Catholic elements Influenced by John Calvin Believed every congregation should run itself with elders and ministers without answering to bishops or the state Puritan vs. Anglican conflict led to persecution and religious turmoil New World offered religious haven Economic Opportunity Enclosure movement: process in which English landowners converted their estates into sheep farms by enclosing their lands and evicting their tenants American colonies offered an economic refuge for the poor, landless tenant farmers Joint-stock companies: business venture designed to give wealthy investors the opportunity to pool their money together in amounts large enough to fund big money making projects and find new markets Allowed investors to trade and colonize globally without government financing

3 Geographic Regions Eastern (Atlantic) seaboard of North America West Indies Early Settlements/Villages Roanoke (1585): Lost colony Jamestown (1607): first permanent English colony of North America; first capital of Virginia Colony Plymouth (1620): success led to the creation of Massachusetts Bay Colony

4 Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Charleston Valuable trading/sea ports Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas Valuable farming plantations Cash Crops: Tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice, wheat, corn

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7 Sir Walter Raleigh received a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I granting him permission to create a colony in North America (1578) Raleigh chose island of Roanoke off the coast of North Carolina as the site Raleigh named land Virginia in honor of Elizabeth First attempt to colonize in 1585 failed after colonists return home (harsh winter) Second attempt in 1587 sends 117 men, women, and children to colonize Roanoke Governor John White left colony and headed back to England for more supplies White returned in 1590 and discovered that all inhabitants had disappeared Empty homes, no bodies, and only the letters CRO were carved on a post as a possible clue

8 Chartered (sponsored) by the Virginia Company Susan Constant, Godspeed, and the Discovery sailed 144 to Virginia but only 105 reached the Chesapeake Bay Founded the settlement of Jamestown on the banks of the James River in 1607 Captain John Smith took leadership roles, encouraged people to work, and made contact with the local natives; policy you don t work, you don t eat! According to Smith, Chief Powhatan had ordered his execution but the Indian princess Pocahontas begged for his life to be spared Pocahontas and John Smith were not romantically involved

9 Suffered from food shortages; wealthy gentlemen were pitiful farmers; only 38 people remained by January of 1608 Virginia Company offered free land to new settlers About 2,000 settlers reached Jamestown over the next decade but only 400 lived Winter of became known as the starving time Settlers forced to farm for the colony but also given private land to grow their own food Indentured servants: people from Europe who agreed to become working servants for 7 years in exchange for a free passage across the Atlantic Colonist John Rolfe experimented with crops and learned to cultivate profitable tobacco Tobacco became very popular in Europe Rolfe s tobacco saved Jamestown and he went on to marry Pocahontas Pocahontas died in England of pneumonia or small pox after visiting the Old World with her husband Rolfe

10 In order to attract more settlers, Virginia Company allowed the colony to elect its own members House of Burgesses: Virginia assembly of government representatives (burgesses); first democratic body in North America Headrights: settlers buying shares in the Virginia company or who paid for their passage received 50 acres of land and additional land for every person they transported to Virginia In the year 1619, 90 women and 20 African slaves arrived at the colony 4,500 settlers arrived in Virginia by 1622 Local Native Americans feared the growth and launched an uprising, killing 350 settlers and burning several homes King James I then revoked the charter and made Virginia a royal colony under the leadership of a crown appointed governor

11 1) Explain how tobacco saved Jamestown (#3 on pg. 64). 2) How did the enclosure movement change England s society(#4 pg. 64)? 3) Use a graphic organizer similar to the one below to list three ways the Virginia Company tried to attract settlers to the Jamestown colony(#6 pg. 64)