Neuroanatomy - overview. Lennart Brodin
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1 Neuroanatomy - overview Lennart Brodin
2 brain spinal cord cranial nerves spinal nerves
3 The components of the CNS Telencephalon Diencephalon Brainstem Cerebellum Spinal cord
4 Telencephalon Cerebral Cortex Cerebellum Brainstem
5 Telencephalon: Hemispheres Cerebral Cortex
6 Telencephalon Brainstem Spinal cord Cerebellum
7 Sectioning the brain - nomenclature
8 Coronal section Grey matter: cell bodies of neurons White matter: nerve tracts, Myelin gives the white color
9 Diencephalon Sagittal section Corpus callosum: Connects the hemispheres Telencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebellum Brainstem Spinal cord
10 Diencephalon From CNS Visual Perspectives: Telencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Hjärnstammen Cerebellum Ryggmärgen Anna Josephsson
11 The Cerebral Cortex Gyrus Sulcus Grey matter White matter
12 Gyrus precentralis: Motor functions Sulcus centralis Gyrus postcentralis: Sensory functions
13 motor sensory The Cerebral Cortex Division into Functional Areas Association areas Primary areas hearing vision
14 Frontal lobe The Cerebral Cortex Division into Lobes Sulcus centralis Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe
15 Frontal lobe The Cerebral Cortex Division into Lobes Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe
16 Localization of functions to lobes Hjässlob Tinninglob Nacklob
17 The Frontal lobe 1848: The famous case of the railway worker Phineas Gage gave the first insigths into the functions of the frontal lobe
18 The Frontal lobe
19 Personality Motivation Planning Decision-making Social skills The Frontal lobe
20 Temporallob The temporal lobe recognition
21 Activation of the temporal lobe during recognition of a known face fmri signal indicates increased activity
22 The parietal lobe attention Temporallob
23 Damage of the right parietal lobe
24 Damage of the right parietal lobe
25 Recent data: The temporal lobe is also involved The parietal lobe attention The posterior temporal lobe Temporallob
26 The occipital lobe Temporallob Receives and processes visual information
27 Language: specific regions in the frontal and temporal lobes
28 Language: specific regions in the frontal and temporal lobes Wernickes area: language perception Damage results in sensory aphasia Broca s area: language expression Damage results in motor aphasia
29 Subcortikal nuclei Telencephalon: The basal ganglia Nucleus caudatus Striatum Putamen Globus pallidus Motor control Cognition Emotions
30 The Basal Ganglia Nucleus caudatus Putamen
31 The Basal Ganglia coronal section Nucleus caudatus Putamen
32 The Basal Ganglia coronal section nucleus caudatus putamen globus pallidus
33 The Basal Ganglia coronal section
34 The Basal Ganglia horisontal section Putamen Globus pallidus Nucleus caudatus
35 Thalamus Diencephalon horisontal section
36 Diencephalon Thalamus Nucleus caudatus Putamen
37 Diencephalon Diencephalon coronalsnitt Thalamus Hypothalamus
38 From CNS Visual Perspectives: Thalamus Hypothalamus Anna Josephsson
39 Diencephalon Thalamus: the brains switch board : relays sensory input to the cerebral cortex
40 Thalamus relays sensory input to the cerebral cortex cortex thalamus nerve fiber from the skin
41 Diencephalon Hypothalamus Homeostasis Emotions The pituitary gland
42 The anatomy of emotions The old view of the limbic system
43 The anatomy of emotions The modern view of the limbic system: Anterior part: emotions; Posterior part: memory Amygdala
44 The anatomy of emotions The modern view of the limbic system: Anterior part: emotions; Posterior part: memory
45 Different Forms of Memory Declarative memory Non-declarative memory Memories that can be described in words Can not be described (e.g how to ride a bicycle)
46 Brain structures participating in declarative memory: The posterior part of the limbic system Hippocampus
47 Brain structures participating in declarative memory: The posterior part of the limbic system
48 Hippocampus seen from below (parts of the temporal lobes removed)
49 The Brainstem Mesencephalon Pons Medulla oblongata
50 Cranial nerves emerging from the brainstem mediate sensory and motor functions in the head (I. N. Olfactorii) (II. N. Opticus) III. N.Oculomotorius IV. N.Trochlearis V. N.Trigeminus VI. N. Abducens VII. N. Facialis VIII. N.Vestibulocochlearis IX. N. Glosso -pharyngeus X. N. Vagus XI. N. Accesorius XII. N. Hypoglossus
51 The Reticular Formation Ascending part: Conciousness Descending part: Motor functions
52
53 The Brainstem - Summary Cranial nerves: sensory and motor functions in the head incl eye movements, hearing, balance, inner organs Reticular Formation: Dopamine systems: Serotonin systems: Other functions: consciousness, motor functions motivation, reward, motor functions mood, emotions, hunger-satiety, motor functions breathing, swalloving
54 Cerebellum
55 Cerebellum: connected to pons via the peduncles
56 Pons Peduncle Medulla oblongata
57 Peduncle
58 Fine-tuning of motor functions Motor learning Cognition Cerebellum
59 The Spinal Cord Grey matter cervical White matter thoracic lumbar Dorsal horn - sensory sacral Ventral horn - motor
60 The Spinal Cord sensory nerves motor nerves
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