Theories of Learning
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1 Theories of Learning Psychology Mrs. Hall This presentation was created following the Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia. Certain materials are included under the Fair Use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law. Further use of these materials and this presentation is restricted. Psychology I Classical Conditioning 1
2 What is Learning? A relatively permanent change in observable behavior due to experience (Myers, pg. 309) Most behaviors are learned Personal habits Personality traits Emotional responses Personal preferences Psychology I Classical Conditioning 2
3 BEHAVIORISM Conditioning process of learning associations Learning that certain events occur together Behaviors determined by environmental stimuli Classical Conditioning association of 2 unrelated stimuli Operant Conditioning association of behavior & consequences
4 Classroom Demonstration Psychology I Classical Conditioning 4
5 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Psychology I Classical Conditioning 5
6 What is Classical Conditioning? Learning that occurs as a result of pairing two unrelated stimuli to bring about the same physiological / reflexive response UnConditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus UnConditioned Response no response Conditioned Response Psychology I Classical Conditioning 6
7 Classroom Demonstration squirt in face Unconditioned Stimulus flinch Unconditioned Response CAN Neutral stimulus CAN Conditioned Stimulus No response flinch Conditioned Response Psychology I Classical Conditioning 7
8 IVAN PAVLOV Russian physiologist Nobel prize for role of saliva in digestion (1904) Psychology I Classical Conditioning 8
9 Pavlov s Discovery meat powder UCS salivation UCR footsteps Neutral stimulus footsteps CS No response salivation CR Psychology I Classical Conditioning 9
10 Pavlov s Experiment meat powder UCS salivation UCR bell No response Neutral stimulus bell CS salivation CR Psychology I Classical Conditioning 10
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12 Classical Conditioning Terminology Conditioned learned Unconditioned not learned / natural / automatic Stimulus any detectable input from the environment Response reaction to a stimulus Psychology I Classical Conditioning 12
13 Classical Conditioning Terminology Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) stimulus that naturally & automatically brings about a physiological response Pain Unconditioned Response (UCR) Unconditioned Response (UCR) physiological response naturally brought about by a stimulus (no associations) Fear (adrenaline surge) Psychology I Classical Conditioning 13
14 Classical Conditioning Terminology Conditioned Stimulus (CS) previously neutral stimulus that is associated with an UCS that now brings about a learned response (CR) Moth Conditioned Response (CR) Conditioned Response (CR) learned physiological response to a previously neutral stimulus Fear Psychology I Classical Conditioning 14
15 Mrs. Hall s Experience pain in ear UCS fear UCR moth Neutral stimulus moth CS No response fear CR
16 John B. Watson Father of modern behaviorism First American behaviorist First to use Classical Conditioning on humans Little Albert Psychology I Classical Conditioning 16
17 Little Albert 7 repetitions = conditioned fear 5 days later = stimulus generalization Psychology I Classical Conditioning 17
18 Little Albert loud noise UCS fear UCR rat Neutral stimulus rat CS No response fear CR
19 Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life Conditioned fears Phobias Conditioned emotional responses Advertising Being in love Physiological responses Immunosupression Allergic reactions Drug tolerance Psychology I Classical Conditioning 19
20 The Office Example Jim conditions Dwight with Altoids Psychology I Classical Conditioning 20
21 Classical Conditioning Concepts Stimulus discrimination CR only appears when presented with original CS Stimulus generalization Stimulus generalization CR appears when presented w/ stimulus similar to CS Psychology I Classical Conditioning 21
22 More Classical Conditioning Concepts Extinction gradual weakening & disappearance of CR Caused by presentation of CS alone w/o UCS Spontaneous Recovery reappearance of a once extinguished response after period of non-exposure to CS Weaker than original CR Shows that extinction d/n lead to unlearning
23 More Classical Conditioning Concepts Taste aversion avoidance of food that caused (or is associated with) illness Psychology I Classical Conditioning 23
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