Renovation of multifamily houses in Sweden
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1 Renovation of multifamily houses in Sweden Åsa Wahlström CIT Energy Management
2 Energy use in the sector of apartment blocks Total energy use in Sweden 410 TWh yearly The built environment use 160 TWh yearly In apartment blocks 42 TWh yearly (25% of all buildings) Heating and production of hot water: 28 TWh Operation and domestic electricity: 14 TWh
3 Other Natural gas Electricity Oil District heating Year of construction
4 Number of apartments Other Sluten kvartersbebyggelse och övriga flerbostadshus Slab block Lamellhus Punkthus Tower blocks Houses with external galleries Loftgångshus Small apartment buildings Flerbostadsvillor m.m. Year of construction Källa: Så byggdes husen , femte upplagan. C. Björk, P. Kallstenius & L. Reppen (2003)
5
6 National target for the building sector 20 % until % until 2050 kwh/m 2 Specific district heating use Year Actual energy use Normal year correction
7 Recast of the European Energy Performance of Building Directive Member states should state energy performance requirements for: nearly zero-energy buildings (nzeb) for new constructions public buildings 2019 all buildings 2021 minimum requirements when buildings undergo a major renovation to the extent that this is technically, functionally and economically feasible
8 1 January 2013 Reconstruction requirements in the building regulations The basis for quality requirements that should be applied during major renovation are the same as the ones at new construction
9 New construction requirements in 2013 Building Yearly energy use for heating, comfort cooling, domestic hot water, and electricity for operation of the building s services systems. (kwh/m 2 ) Climate zon I II III Residential buildings with heating systems other than electric heating Residential buildings with electric heating
10 Heating system requirements climate zone 3 (kwh/m 2 ) Keep district heating 90 Install ground source heat pump Install air to water heat pump Exhaust air heat pump (max 10 W/m 2 )
11 Measures Heat recovery - Install air to air heat exchanger - Install exhaust air heat pump Measures addressing domestic hot water provision Measures addressing electricity use for shared services in the building Loft insulation Window replacement Facade insulation Installation of solar energy
12 Present value of life cycle cost [kr/m 2 ] Example of Low-rise apartment buildings climate zone III, Built BBR requirements District heating Ground source heat pump Air to water heat pump Energy use [kwh/m 2 year] Exhaust air heat pump
13 Present value of life cycle cost [kr/m 2 ] Example of Low-rise apartment buildings climate zone III, Built BBR requirements Facade insulation Window replacement Energy use [kwh/m 2 year] District heating Ground source heat pump Air to water heat pump Exhaust air heat pump
14 Present value of life cycle cost [kr/m 2 ] Example of Low-rise apartment buildings climate zone III, Built BBR requirements District heating Ground source heat pump Air to water heat pump Heat recovery Energy use [kwh/m 2 year] Exhaust air heat pump
15 Present value of life cycle cost [kr/m 2 ] Example of Low-rise apartment buildings climate zone III, Built BBR requirements District heating Ground source heat pump Air to water heat pump Hot Water Measures Energy use [kwh/m 2 year] Exhaust air heat pump
16 Heat recovery of exhaust air Innovation procurement
17 Objectives Introduce companies on the market that offers complete system solutions Development and costs reduction Improve operation experiences (installation, service and maintenance) Show the energy saving potential
18 Group of clients
19 Main requirements Energy efficiency Costs Indoor environment Design and function Installation Operation and maintenance
20 Innovation procurement Stage 1: Procurement of systems to demonstration buildings according to requirement specification Stage 2: Installation and evaluation in demonstration buildings. One year of measurements. Improvement of requirement specification. Stage 3: Continuation of public procurement (general agreement) according to the new requirement specification of buildings
21 Heat recovery with air to air heat exchanger
22
23 Duct systems in the apartments Design and function
24 Exhaust air heat pump Outdoor heat pump with improved efficiency by a condenser
25 Hur hittar man utrymmen?
26 Hur hittar man utrymmen?
27 Original exhaust brick duct
28 Improved indoor climate Make the building envelope tight Air to air heat exchanger : preheated supply air Exhaust air heat pump: supply air behind radiators
29 Examples of typical energy savings Heat recovery with air to air heat exchanger Exhaust air heat pump > 10 W/m²A temp Increase of electricity: 2-6 kwh/ m²a temp Decrease of district heating: kwh/ m²a temp Increase of electricity: 47 kwh/ m²a temp Decrease of district heating: 135 kwh/ m²a temp
30 Rational facade renovation Innovation procurement 2010 Terminated 2011 Development project
31 Prefabricated facade elements in concrete and additional insulation
32 Profile system elements in aluminium and steel
33 Both at same time.. Additional insulation with rendering and ventilation ducts within the insulation. Supply air below windows and heat recovery unit on the attic.
34 Backa Röd: A shining example
35 Built m 2 Source: Bostad AB Poseidon 4 floors 16 apartments 3 room and kitchen of 80 m 2
36 U-values (W/m 2 K) Measures building envelope External wall 0.12 (0.31) Windows 0.9 (2.4) Attic floor 0.1 (0.14) Foundation 0.3 (0.48) Floor over crawl space 0.1 (0.4) Air tightness 0.13 (1.17) (l/s m 2 ) Source: Bostad AB Poseidon
37 Measures ventilation Heat recovery with air to air heat exchanger Central rotating exchanger New fan room Kitchen ventilation: Cooker fan separately exhaust vent Heating: Radiators with district heating Source: Bostad AB Poseidon
38 Measures Heat recovery Roof insulation Foundation New windows Facade insulation External wall Elecytricity use kwh/m 2 District heating before District heating after New balkonies
39 Energy use Before renov. After renov. District heating 170 kwh/m 2 54 kwh/m 2 of which heating 133 kwh/m 2 25 kwh/m 2 hot water 32 kwh/m 2 25 kwh/m 2 culvert losses 5 kwh/m 2 4 kwh/m 2 Electricity (exkl domestic) 8 kwh/m 2 6 kwh/m 2 Totalt 178 kwh/m 2 (A temp ) 60 kwh/m 2 (A tep ) Source: Bostad AB Poseidon
40 Economical evaluation Renovation with energy efficiency measures requires extra costs of about Euro per apartment Renovation result in decreased energy costs of about 755 Euro/year and apartment After renovation the rent for 3RoK are 695 Euro/month A rent of 755 Euro/month would have paid for the energy measures In next project an additional floor is added in order to get extra rent incomes.
41 We only get one chance to do this right
42 Thanks!
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Exemplary Retrofitting of an Old School in Stuttgart - EROS -
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