FREEDOM ON THE NET 2012: GLOBAL SCORES
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1 1 FREEDOM ON THE NET 2012: GLOBAL SCORES Freedom on the Net aims to measure each country s level of internet and digital media freedom. Each country receives a numerical score from 0 (the most free) to 100 (the least free), which serves as the basis for an internet freedom status designation of Free (0-30 points), Partly Free (31-60 points), or Not Free ( points). Ratings are determined through an examination of three broad categories: Obstacles to Access, Limits on Content, and Violation of User Rights. A. Obstacles to Access: assesses infrastructural and economic barriers to access; governmental efforts to block specific applications or technologies; and legal, regulatory and ownership control over internet and mobile phone access providers. B. Limits on Content: examines filtering and blocking of websites; other forms of censorship and self-censorship; manipulation of content; the diversity of online news media; and usage of digital media for social and political activism. C. Violations of User Rights: measures legal protections and restrictions on online activity; surveillance; privacy; and repercussions for online activity, such as legal prosecution, imprisonment, physical attacks, or other forms of harassment. FREEDOM ON THE NET STATUS 2012 FREEDOM ON THE NET TOTAL Points A. SUBTOTAL: OBSTACLES TO ACCESS 0-25 Points B. SUBTOTAL: LIMITS ON CONTENT 0-35 Points C. SUBTOTAL: VIOLATIONS OF USER RIGHTS 0-40 Points Estonia Free USA Free Germany Free Australia Free Hungary Free Italy Free Philippines Free
2 2 United Kingdom FREEDOM ON THE NET STATUS FREEDOM ON THE NET TOTAL Points A SUBTOTAL: OBSTACLES TO ACCESS 0-25 Points B SUBTOTAL: LIMITS ON CONTENT 0-35 Points C SUBTOTAL: VIOLATIONS OF USER RIGHTS 0-40 Points Free Argentina Free South Africa Free Brazil Free Ukraine Free Kenya Free Georgia Free Nigeria Partly Free South Korea Partly Free Uganda Partly Free Kyrgyzstan Partly Free Mexico Partly Free India Partly Free Indonesia Partly Free Libya Partly Free Malaysia Partly Free Jordan Partly Free Tunisia Partly Free Turkey Partly Free Venezuela Partly Free
3 3 FREEDOM ON THE NET STATUS FREEDOM ON THE NET TOTAL Points A. SUBTOTAL: OBSTACLES TO ACCESS 0-25 Points B. SUBTOTAL: LIMITS ON CONTENT 0-35 Points C. SUBTOTAL: VIOLATIONS OF USER RIGHTS 0-40 Points Azerbaijan Partly Free Rwanda Partly Free Russia Partly Free Zimbabwe Partly Free Sri Lanka Partly Free Kazakhstan Partly Free Egypt Partly Free Thailand Not Free Pakistan Not Free Belarus Not Free Bahrain Not Free Saudi Arabia Not Free Vietnam Not Free Burma Not Free Ethiopia Not Free Uzbekistan Not Free Syria Not Free China Not Free Cuba Not Free Iran Not Free
4 4 FREEDOM ON THE NET 2012: GLOBAL GRAPHS 47 SCORE COMPARISON (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Estonia USA Germany Australia Hungary Italy Philippines United Kingdom Argentina South Africa Brazil Ukraine Kenya Georgia Nigeria South Korea Uganda Kyrgyzstan Mexico India Indonesia Libya Malaysia Jordan Tunisia Turkey Venezuela Azerbaijan Rwanda Russia Zimbabwe Sri Lanka Kazakhstan Egypt Thailand Pakistan Belarus Bahrain Saudi Arabia Vietnam Burma Ethiopia Uzbekistan Syria China (PRC) Cuba Iran Free (0 30) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100)
5 5 SCORE CHANGES: FREEDOM ON THE NET 2011 VS SCORE IMPROVEMENTS Free Partly Free Score Change Not Free USA Slight Germany Slight Cuba Slight Brazil Slight Nigeria Slight Kenya Notable Indonesia Notable Georgia Significant Burma Significant Tunisia Significant Italy Notable *A Freedom on the Net score decline represents a positive trajectory ( ) for internet freedom.
6 6 SCORE DECLINES Score Change Free Partly Free Not Free Bahrain Significant Pakistan Significant Ethiopia Significant Egypt Significant Mexico Significant Jordan Notable Kazakhstan Notable India Notable Azerbaijan Slight Malaysia Slight South Korea Slight Venezuela Slight Iran Slight Saudi Arabia Slight Rwanda Slight Turkey Slight China Slight *A Freedom on the Net score increase represents a negative trajectory ( ) for internet freedom.
7 7 NO OVERALL SCORE CHANGE: CATEGORY TRAJECTORIES Eight countries assessed in Freedom on the Net 2012 registered no overall score change from the previous edition. However, a closer look at the score changes within the survey s three broad categories reveals how internet freedom restrictions have evolved in nuanced and dynamic ways. Notably, the gains many of the countries listed below made in the Obstacles to Access category which reflect the rise of internet and mobile phone penetration or decreased regulatory obstacles were offset by increases in limits placed on content or violations of user rights A. OBSTACLES TO ACCESS B. LIMITS ON CONTENT C. VIOLATIONS OF USER RIGHTS Australia Slight No change Slight Belarus Notable No change Notable Estonia No change Slight Slight Russia Slight Slight No change South Africa Slight Slight No change Thailand Slight Slight Notable Vietnam No change Slight Slight Zimbabwe Slight Slight No change
8 8 COUNTRIES AT RISK: INTERNET FREEDOM VS. PRESS FREEDOM Among the 47 countries covered in this study, one notable contingent of states were those where the internet remains a relatively unobstructed domain of free expression when compared to a more repressive or dangerous environment for traditional media. This difference is evident from the comparison between a country s score on Freedom House s Freedom on the Net 2012 assessment and its score on the Freedom of the Press 2012 study. The figure below is a graphical representation of this phenomenon, focusing on the 28 countries in this edition where the gap between their performance on the two surveys is 10 points or greater. This difference reflects the potential pressures in both the short and long term on the space for online expression. Among the 28 are six of the seven states identified as countries at risk : Malaysia, Russia, Sri Lanka, Libya, Azerbaijan, and Rwanda Hungary Italy Philippines Argentina Brazil Ukraine Kenya Georgia Nigeria Uganda Kyrgyzstan Mexico Libya Malaysia Jordan Venezuela Azerbaijan Rwanda Russia Zimbabwe Sri Lanka Kazakhstan Belarus Bahrain Saudi Arabia Vietnam Burma Uzbekistan Free (0 20) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100) * The front-row bar reflects a country's Freedom on the Net 2012 score; the back-row bar reflects the country's score on Freedom House s Freedom of the Press 2012 index, which primarily assesses television, radio, and print media.
9 9 INTERNET FREEDOM VS. INTERNET PENETRATION The figure below depicts the relationship between internet penetration rates and the level of digital media freedom as assessed by the Freedom on the Net 2012 study. Each point is plotted to reflect its level of internet penetration as noted in the report, as well as its performance in the survey. To minimize possible overlap among variables, the scores have been adjusted to exclude performance on the first two questions of the Freedom on the Net methodology, which assess the degree of internet access in a given society. Of note is a potential trajectory for the Partly Free countries in the middle, which may move towards greater repression (the high-tech, Not Free countries on the middle right) or better protection of free expression (the mid-penetration, Free countries on the left) as digital media access rates increase. Internet Penetration Rate, 2011 (percent) Germany USA Estonia Hungary Argentina UK Brazil Australia Georgia Ukraine Philippines Kenya Italy South Korea Malaysia Azerbaijan Turkey Tunisia Mexico Jordan Nigeria South Africa Libya Kyrgyzstan Indonesia Uganda India Russia Kazakhstan Venezuela Rwanda Egypt Sri Lanka Zimbabwe Thailand Saudi Arabia Bahrain Belarus China Vietnam Uzbekistan Syria Iran Pakistan Cuba Burma Ethiopia Free (0 30) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100) Freedom on Net 2012, Adjusted Score (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free)
10 10 REGIONAL GRAPHS ASIA (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Philippines South Korea India Indonesia Free (0 30) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100) Malaysia 43 Sri Lanka 55 Thailand Pakistan Vietnam Burma China 85 MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Libya Jordan Tunisia Egypt 59 Bahrain Saudi Arabia Syria 83 Iran 90
11 11 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) South Africa Kenya Free (0 30) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100) Nigeria 33 Uganda 34 Rwanda 51 Zimbabwe 54 Ethiopia 75 LATIN AMERICA (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Argentina 26 Brazil 27 Mexico 37 Venezuela 48 Cuba 86
12 12 EURASIA (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Ukraine Georgia Kyrgyzstan Free (0 30) Partly Free (31 60) Not Free (61 100) Turkey 46 Azerbaijan Russia Kazakhstan 58 Belarus 69 Uzbekistan 77 EUROPE & OTHERS (0 = Most Free, 100 = Least Free) Estonia 10 USA 12 Germany 15 Australia 18 Hungary 19 Italy 23 United Kingdom 25
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